고려~조선전기 鶴城李氏의 지역 내 위상과 역할

이종서(Lee Jong-Seo) 한일관계사학회 2007 한일관계사연구 Vol.28 No.-

학성이씨는 울산의 토성(土姓)이다. 토성은 고려시기 향리에서 연원하였다. 고려의 향리는 국가의 관료체제에 편입되었으며 상급 향리인 장리층(長吏層)은 중앙 양반과 신분이 동등했다. 그러나 고려후기에 실질적 위상이 하락하였고, 조선전기에는 제도적으로 격하되었다. 장리층은 이러한 변화에 대응하여 고려말에 대거 중앙관직을 얻어 향리를 벗어났고, 국가에서는 이탈을 억제하는 제도를 마련하였다. 그 결과 조선전기에는 고려의 장리 가문이 계속 향리를 담당하는 이족(吏族)과 양반이 되어 좌수와 별감을 담당하는 사족(士族)으로 분화하여 각자의 역할을 하였다. 학성이씨도 이족과 사족으로 분화하였다. 이예(李藝)의 아들 중 이종근의 후손은 향리직을 담당했고, 이종실의 후손은 사족이 되었다. 호장 등 상급 향리직을 담당하던 이종근의 후손들은 임진왜란을 계기로 향리 신분을 면하게 되었다. 그러나 이후에도 계속 향리를 담당하여 일부 가문은 1700년대 중반까지 이어졌다. 조선후기에 더 이상 향리가 존중받지 못하고 중인으로 천시되자 이종근의 후손들은 향리를 그만두었다. The Hakseong Lee House has been a renowned Toseong(土姓) entity in the Ulsan region for a long time. Toseong designations originated from the Hyangri entities of the Goryeo dynasty period. The Hyangri entities of Goryeo were part of the national ruling system overseen by the government, and the Jangri figures(the Jangri-class(長吏層), who were the senior Hyangri figures) occupied the social status equivalent to those of the Yangban figures living in the capital or other central regions. Yet their status deteriorated in the latter half period of the Goryeo dynasty, and in the early half of the Joseon period, their status was officially demoted. Responding to such changes in their own statuses, many of the Jangri figures managed to obtain positions inside the central government during the ending days of the Goryeo dynasty and escape the Hyangri status, while the government began to implement protocols discouraging the breaking from their original statuses. As a result, the Jangri houses of the Goryeo dynasty diverged into two groups, the Ijok(吏族) figures who kept managing Hyangri tasks, and the Sajok(士族) figures who became Yangban figures and were appointed to Jwasu and Byeolgam posts, in the early half period of Joseon. The Hakseong Lee house diverged as well. Among the sons of Lee Yae(李藝), Lee Jong Geun’s descendants continued to assume the roles of Hyangri, and Lee Jong Shil’s descendants became Sajok figures. Lee Jong Geun’s descendants, who were senior Hyangri figures(such as Hojang figures), escaped that status around the time of the Imjin-year war with the Japanese. Yet other house members maintained such existence through the mid-1700s. In the latter half period of the Joseon dynasty, the Hyangri figures were no longer respected as they had been in the past, and were rather disdained as middle class citizens(中人). So the Lee House members discontinued their service as Hyangri figures.

메나이 현수교와 도로의 거인

이종세(Jong-Seh Lee) 대한토목학회 2014 대한토목학회지 Vol.62 No.9

모네의 아르장퇴이 철도교 : 세상에서 가장 비싼다리

이종세(Jong-Seh Lee) 대한토목학회 2014 대한토목학회지 Vol.62 No.6

관광과 문화 : 호텔 상품에 대한 고객의 지각품질에 관한 연구 -부산시내 L호텔을 중심으로-

이종한 ( Jong Han Lee ) 한국관광산업학회 2006 국제관광학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

사업장폐기물 소각 잉여열의 활용방안

이종연(Lee Jong Yeon),강석형,김상중(Kim Sang Jung),강석재(Kang Seok Jae),성호진(Sung Ho Jin),유영돈(Yoo Young Don),윤용승(Yun Yong Seung) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2008 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.3 No.1

In order to utilize incineration waste heat from industrial wastes, survey of the waste heat utilization status for each incineration site, suggestion of its utilization methods, analysis of cost-benefit for the methods, and suggestion of support policy were conducted. Utilization ratio of surplus heat from industrial wastes was 54%. The surplus heat is equivalent to the calories of 141,000 ㎘ heavy oil resulting in reduced its import of 54.3 billion won. For 12 incineration sites, useful utilization methods are district heating, temperature control of process, treatment of landfill leachate, and sewage dry depending on site conditions. To increase utilization of waste heat, improved systems (e.g. realization of a feed unit cost, approval of CDM business, incentive for a green company designation, etc) and economic supports (e.g. a low interest loan, a government subsidy, an increased investment tax credit, etc) were suggested.

수중구조물의 파고전달계수 산정 실험 : Ⅰ. 투과형 수중구조물

이종인(Lee, Jong-In),배일로(Bae, Il Rho) 대한토목학회 2020 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.40 No.5

잠제와 인공리프와 같은 수중구조물은 연안역의 침식 등의 대책으로 일반적으로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Tetrapod로 제체를 형성한 투과형 수중구조물을 대상으로 파랑의 전달에 대한 2차원 수리실험을 수행하였다. 수리실험은 서로 다른 상대여유수심, 상대여유고, 상대상단폭 및 파형경사 등을 적용하여 수행되었다. 수리실험결과를 이용하여 투과형 수중구조물에 의한 파고전달계수 산정식을 제안하였다. 제안된 경험식은 파고전달계수를 충분한 정도로 예측함을 확인하였으며, 기존 경험식을 개선하였다. Submerged structures such as low-crested breakwaters and artificial reefs have been commonly used for coastal protection. In this study, two-dimensional laboratory experiments were conducted in a wave flume to investigate the wave transmission phenomena of permeable type submerged structures armored by Tetrapods. Different cases of the experimental conditions were included by relative crest depth, relative freeboard, relative crest width, wave steepness and so on. An empirical formula from the experimental data was proposed to predict the wave transmission coefficients over various specifications and structural designs of the permeable type submerged structure. The proposed formula successfully predicted the wave transmission coefficients. In this study, the proposed empirical formula of the wave transmission over the submerged structure was improved from the existing formula.

만1, 2세 자녀를 둔 부모의 자녀수용-거부 및 통제(PARQ/C) 척도의 타당화 연구

이종인(Lee, Jong-In),나은숙(Na, Eun-Suk) 한국유아교육·보육행정학회 2009 유아교육·보육복지연구 Vol.13 No.3

This study examined evidences of validity and reliability of the reconstructed Korean version of Parent Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire/Control: Infant version. This questionnaire including four sub-scales with total 55 items for Parental Acceptance-Rejection scale and 8 items for Control scale was originally developed by Dr. Rohner and his colleagues. The data for this study were collected during the period from May to October of 2007 by conducting two consecutive surveys with 300 Korean parents who had children at the age of zero to 24 months. The content-related evidences of validity were examined through the process of translationretranslation by the total eleven linguistic and academic experts. The construct-related evidences of validity were examined through item-discriminant analysis and factor analysis. An evidence of the scale’s reliability was examined based on Chronbach’s alpha coefficient. The analysis revealed that the scale of acceptance-rejection was composed of interpretable six factors with total 38 items, ‘encouragement and support(α=.74),’ ‘affection(α=.84),’ ‘hostility & aggression(α=.85),’ ‘indifference & neglect(α=.73),’ ‘conditional rejection(α=.75),’ and ‘unconditional rejection(α=.43).’ Together the six factors explained about 50.68% of the variance (α=.92). For the Control scale portion, a factor analysis showed one factor with four items (α=.53). This ‘control’ factor explained 42.13% of the variance. The results suggested that constructs of the scale to measure parental acceptance-rejection and control of infants can be diverse from one to another depending on parenting culture and child development. 본 연구는 심리인류학자 Rohner(로너)가 개발한 영아부모용 자녀수용-거부/통제 척도(Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire/Control : Infant Version)를 한국 부모에게 적용하여 척도의 타당성을 검증한 것이다. 이를 위해 질문지형태로 되어 있는 원척도를 한국의 문화 및 언어적 특성에 맞게 번안한 후, 만1~2세 연령의 자녀를 둔 한국 부모들에게 두 차례의 설문조사(n=203, n= 258)를 실시하여 자료를 수집하고 내용타당도, 구성타당도, 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 연구결과, 총 6개 하위요인(‘격려 및 지지’, ‘애정’, ‘적대와 공격’, ‘무관심 및 방임’, ‘조건적 거부’, ‘무조건적 거부’) 38문항으로 구성되는 자녀수용-거부척도(설명변량 50.68%, α=.92)와 1개 하위요인(‘통제’) 4문항으로 구성되는 자녀통제척도(설명변량 42.13%,α=.53)가 형성되어 본 척도의 한국적 타당성이 검증되었으며 양육문화가 달라짐에 따라 그 요인구조와 내용이 원척도와는 다르게 구성됨을 알 수 있었다.

드랭과 타워브리지: 런던 최고의 명물 XXXV

이종세(Jong-Seh Lee) 대한토목학회 2015 대한토목학회지 Vol.63 No.2

콘크리트 구조물 프리스트레스력 도입을 위한 형상기억합금 섬유의 적용성 평가

이종한 ( Lee Jong-han ),정치영 ( Jung Chi-young ),샘라자두라이 ( Rajadurai Sam ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2019 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

This research provides a method that can be conveniently and easily to apply the prestressing force to concrete structures incorporating shape memory alloy fibers. For this, discrete shape memory alloy fibers were manufactured to be mixed with cement mortar. Then shape memory effect was generated to evaluate uplift displacements at the mid-span of the mortar beams with increasing fiber volume fractions.

인공수정시술주기에서 내인성 LH, GnRH Agonist 및 hCG를 이용한 배란유발후 임신율의 비교연구

이종인,허영문,전은숙,윤정임,정구성,홍기언,유승환,이현숙,홍정의,이지삼,Lee, Jong-In,Hur, Young-Mun,Jeon, Eun-Suk,Yoon, Jeong-Im,Jung, Goo-Sung,Hong, Ki-Eon,You, Seung-Hwan,Lee, Hyeon-Sook,Hong, Jeong-Eui,Lee, Ji-Sam 대한생식의학회 1999 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.26 No.3

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of endogenous LH surge, GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as ovulation trigger on pregnancy rate by intrauterine insemination (IUI). Method: Patients received daily 100 mg of clomiphene citrate (CC) for 5 days starting on the third day of the menstrual cycle followed by human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for ovulation induction. Follicles larger than >16 mm in diameter were present in the ovary, frequent LH tests in urine were introduced to detect an endogenous LH surge. Final follicular maturation and ovulation were induced by GnRH-a 0.1 mg (s.c.) or hCG $5,000{\sim}10,000$ IU (i.m.) administration except natural ovulation. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac or fetal cardiac activity was seen on ultrasound. Results: There were no differences in age, duration of infertility and follicle size, but more ampules of hMG were used in GnRH-a group compared to hCG 10,000 IU treated group (p<0.05). Lower level of estradiol ($E_2$) on the day of hCG or GnRH-a injection was observed in hCG 10,000 IU group than other treatment groups (p<0.01). The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 19.8% per cycle (32/162) and 22.2% per patient (32/144). Pregnancy rate was higher in natural-endogenous LH surge group (37.5%, 9/24) than GnRH-a (18.8%) or hCG treated group (20.9% & 13.9%), but this difference was not statistically significant. No patient developed ovarian hyperstimulation. Abortion rate was 22.2% (2/9) in hCG 5,000 IU group. Delivery or ongoing pregnancy rate was 37.5% (9/24), 18.8% (3/16), 16.3% (7/43) and 13.9% (11/79) in endogenous LH surge, GnRH-a, hCG 5,000 IU and hCG 10,000 IU treatment groups, respectively. Conclusion: These results support the concept that use of natural-endogenous LH surge in stimulated cycles may be more effective to obtain pregnancies by IUI than GnRH-a or hCG administration.