세종 31년(1449) 간(刊) 『사리영응기(舍利靈應記)』소재(所載) 정근입장인(精勤入場人) 분석

이정주 ( Jung Joo Lee ) 한국고문서학회 2007 고문서연구 Vol.31 No.-

세종대~단종대의 정치 변동과 풍수지리 : 풍수가 목효지의 사례를 중심으로

이정주(Lee Jung-Joo) 한국역사민속학회 2011 역사민속학 Vol.36 No.-

이 논문은 목효지의 풍수설을 통해 세종말~단종초의 정치적 갈등과 그 의미를 정리한 것이다. 목효지는 조선초 풍수가 가운데 가장 주목할 만한 인물이지만, 그에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 편이다. 목효지는 세종 23년(1441) (훗날 단종의 어머니인) 왕세자빈 권씨의 능 자리가 장자와 장손이 일찍 죽는 땅이라고 비판한 것을 비롯하여, 세종 30년(1448) 세종이 짓는 문소전 불당이 나라를 위태롭게 한다고 주장하였고, 단종대에도 문종의 능인 현릉의 위치가 왕을 약하게 하는 곳이라고 주장하였다. 목효지가 올린 세 번의 상소는 모두 무시되었지만, 문종의 죽음 이후 목효지의 풍수설은 오히려 주목받기 시작하였다. 목효지의 예언대로 문소전 불당의 건립 이후 세종과 문종이 잇달아 돌아갔기 때문이었다. 이제 단종마저 불길한 운명에 처할 것을 염려한 신하들은 단종을 풍수지리적으로 안전한 창덕궁으로 옮기려고 했다. 그러나 단종을 보호하려는 신하들의 의도는 수양대군의 반대에 부딪쳤다, 수양대군 일파는 끊임없이 단종을 풍수상 불리한 상황에 처하도록 했기 때문이다. 문종의 광중에서 물이 나왔음에도 다른 자리를 찾으려 하지 않고, 바로 옆에 매장을 시도한 정인지 또한 수양대군 일파의 거두였다. 목효지의 주장은 공교롭게도 모두 단종과 연관된 풍수적 대응이라는 공통점이 있다. 단종의 부모 능 선정 때마다 이의를 제기했으며, 문소전 불당 문제도 결국 단종의 안위와 관련이 있기 때문이다. 목효지는 풍수지리를 이용하여 단종을 보호하기 위해 노력했고, 결국 단종의 왕위를 넘보았던 수양대군과 대립하면서 비운에 죽을 수밖에 없었다. This article illuminate political conflict and its meaning from the late stage of Se-jong(世宗) to the early stage of Dan-jong(端宗) through Mok-hyo-Ji's feng shui theory. Mok-hyo-Ji(睦孝智) is one of the remarkable feng shui(風水) experts, but research on him has been rarely surveyed. Mok-hyo-Ji claimed in 1441(Se-jong 23th year) that the location of tomb of crown prince's wife was inauspicious because it would possibly make Se-jong's eldest son and his eldest grand son die early, that in 1448, the buddhist temple of Moo-so-jeon(文昭殿 佛堂) which Se-jong had meant to build would threaten the dynasty, and that in period of Dan-jong, the location of Hyeon-Reung(顯陵;Mun-jong's Tomb) would weaken King's power. Mok-hyo-Ji's three opinion were all ignored, but his feng shui theory starred to be focused since Mun-jong's death because as his prediction, Se-jong and Mun-jong(文宗) died one after another after construction of the buddhist temple of Mun-so-jeon. Therefore the subjects who worried about Dan-jong's ominous future planned to move Dan-jong's residence to Chang-Duck palace(昌德宮) which was believed safe on the basis of feng shui theory. But the intention of subjects which would protect Dan-jong's life faced the objection of Dan-jong's eldest uncle Prince Su-yang(首陽大君). Prince Su-yang's party wanted to let Dan-jong be under hard condition on feng shui theory. Jung-In-Ji(鄭麟趾) who didn't find other place when water sprung through the place which was first planned as Mun-jong's tomb and tried burying Mun-jong next to it was the head of prince Su-yang's party. Mok-hyo-Ji's claims have a simularity that is a feng shus's countmove for Dan-jong. For example, he did not agree whenever others would select the location of tombs which would be those of parents of Dan-jong, and his claim on the buddhist temple of Mun-so-jeon had correlation with Dan-jong's safety. Although he tried to protect Dan-jong, he died misfortunately because he was in opposition to prince Su-yang who wanted to become a king.

외상무홍채증과 동반된 무수정체안에서 흑색횡격막 인공수정체 삽입에 대한 장기 임상경험

이정주,이상준,김신동,Jung Joo Lee,M,D,Sang Joon Lee,M,D,Shin Dong Kim,M,D 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.2

`Purpose: This is a report on the long-term follow-up of patients who had received black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation after traumatic aniridia. Methods: This is a retrospective study on the long-term follow-up for more than 50 months of six patients who had received black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation after traumatic aniridia. Results: An improvement in visual acuity of more than two letters, according to the Snellan chart, occurred in three out of six eyes that were available for follow-up studies after an average period of 7 years and 8 months (50-115 months) after the operation, and no visual acuity decline groups were present. Early complications of black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation consisted of cystoid macular edema and transient intraocular pressure rise. The complications late occurred included bullous keratopathy in four eyes, glaucoma in three eyes, and exotropia in three eyes. We performed penetrating keratoplasty in two of the four eyes suffering from bullous keratopathy, and an Ahmed valve implantation in two of the three eyes suffering from glaucoma. There were signs of reduced visual acuity in four eyes due to complications of the surgery. Conclusions: The authors of this report recommend care in use of black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation, by studies done with an average follow-up period of 7 years and 8 months post operatively. Also reported were severe complications with this treatment such as bullous keratopathy and glaucoma.`

자동차 브레이크 마찰재용 비침상형 육티탄산칼륨의 합성 연구

이정주,이나리,피재환,김종영,김정주,Lee, Jung Ju,Lee, Na-Ri,Pee, Jae-Hwan,Kim, Jong-Young,Kim, Jeong-Joo 한국재료학회 2017 한국재료학회지 Vol.27 No.3

We synthesized potassium hexatitanate, ($K_2Ti_6O_{13}$, PT6), with a non-fibrous shape, by acid leaching and subsequent thermal treatment of potassium tetratitanate ($K_2Ti_4O_9$, PT4), with layered crystal structure. By controlling nucleation and growth of PT4 crystals, we obtained splinter-type crystals of PT6 with increased width and reduced thickness. The optimal holding temperature for the layered PT4 was found to be ${\sim}920^{\circ}C$. The length and width of the PT4 crystals were increased when the nucleation and growth time were increased. After a proton exchange reaction using aqueous 0.3 M HCl solution, and subsequent heat treatment at $850^{\circ}C$, the PT4 crystal transformed into splinter-type PT6 crystals. The frictional characteristics of the friction materials show that as the particle size of PT6 increases, the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear amounts of both the friction materials and counter disc increase.

1901년 작성 北靑 戶籍과 北靑郡民 소요 사건

이정주(Lee Jung-joo) 고려사학회 2013 한국사학보 Vol.- No.53

The study reviewed the family register of the Bukchung(北靑) region in Hamgyeongnam-do, which was drawn up in January of 1901. The targets of the inquiry was a small mountain village called Haengdong which is located in 30㎞ long valley. The results of the study show that the Haengdong family register is filled with an exceptionally larger population per family than the family registers of other regions during the same period. Compared to the average nationwide persons per family of 3.86, that of Haengdong was 8.72. The reason their average persons per family was over twice that of other regions was because it was drawn up mainly based on a compiled family rather than a natural family. The family register law created in 1896 made the writing of family registers be thoroughly based on actual residents, and this was strictly punished by the regulations when violated. Also to confirm the fact of actual residence, the law was designed so that residence and house ownership was interlinked. However contrary to such a family register law, the residents of Haengdong reported 2 to 3 natural families as 1 family register. And houses owned by attached families rather than main families tended to have a form of renting to the main family. The reason the residents of Haengdong reported their family registers in such a illegal fashion was to reduce the taxes imposed on them per dwelling unit. During the Korean Empire era, the family tax was legislated so that 1 family was burdened with 3 volumes, but such a principle was not applied to the Bukchung region. Even in 1900, taxes pertaining to 10~13 times of the regulated amount was imposed. The Bukchung residents responded to the severe burden of over ten times the taxes stipulated in the law by an uprising. They created family registers with a single attached family as a unit by combining 2 to 3 natural families considering future burdens. The ‘attached family(率戶)’ which is widespread in the Bukchung family register was the strategy of the residents to respond to the illegal taxation of the central government.

BSC 성과관리 모델의 사회복지조직 적용 가능성 고찰

이정주(Lee, Jung-joo) 한국사회복지행정학회 2007 한국사회복지행정학 Vol.9 No.1

朝鮮 建國을 둘러싼 正統과 異端의 激突 : 高麗 恭讓王 3年 斥佛論爭 참가자 분석

이정주(Lee Jung-joo) 고려사학회 2001 한국사학보 Vol.- No.10

세조대(世祖代) 후반기의 불교적 상서(祥瑞)와 은전(恩典)

이정주 ( Jung Joo Lee ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2006 민족문화연구 Vol.44 No.-

In this work, we analyzed the political history under King Sejo`s reign by buddhist omen which happened repeatedly at that time. Studies on this subject so far says that buddhism was the method to strengthen king`s power and buddhist omen justified King Sejo who have been regarded a king without confucian moral. Contrary to former studies, King Sejo was very rational intellectual in the context of confucianism. Buddhist omen did not happen under the unrest political condition. That means buddhist omen have no relationship with justifying the legitimity of throne. King Sejo changed his attitude to buddhism in 8th years of his reign. Insisting that he had met the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy, King Sejo granted general clemency. From the first miracle to his death, buddhist omen happened 32 times for the 5 years and 10 months. Miracle happened every 2 months and King ordered oblivion every 3 months. Subjects willingly followed such policy because King`s attitude relieved very strict social order which could make society unrest. People from all the class participated buddhist ceremony celebrating miracles. Buddhist omen relieved social stress and reunited people undere severe rules.

광무호적에 보이는 `사조(四祖) 부지(不知)` 사례 검토 - 첩, 과부, 환관의 기재 양상과 관련하여 -

이정주 ( Lee Jung-joo ) 한국고문서학회 2017 고문서연구 Vol.50 No.-

The purpose of this study is to review records on 4 forebears documented on Kwangmoo Family Register (光武戶籍) made from 1896 through 1908 according to Family Register Law promulgated in 1896. According to the Family Register Law, all family heads were required to record their 4 major forebears, who were fathers, grandfathers, great grandfathers and maternal grandfathers. However, around 8.8% of the total family heads did not leave any information about their forebears. Some of them left the spaces for the information as blanks and even wrote that they didn`t know names of their forebears. Yet, these family heads who did not write names of 4 major forebears were not actually unaware of the names, public positions and statuses of their forebears. Three major groups who did not include information about their 4 major forebears were concubine families, widow families and eunuch families. The family heads of concubine families kept separate family registers in other addresses with their wives, children and parents recorded on them. As they had original domiciles (原籍), it was the custom of the time that the family heads did not record their 4 major forebears in their addresses. In case widows were family heads, they could not record their 4 major forebears in their addresses as they had brothers who kept original domiciles with their 4 forebears recorded in other addresses. Young eunuchs broke family ties of the paternal blood relationship and were adopted by older eunuch officials during the process of becoming eunuch officials. While eunuchs who cherished their relationship with their foster fathers wrote 4 major forebears, those who were ashamed of their positions recorded that they did not know their forebears. In the Chosun period when Confucian values dominated, information on `4 major forebears` was a very important indication which reveals the statuses of the families in the society. Normal members of families had to present their forebears without concealing them. However, concubines, eunuchs and widows were considered as abnormal beings in society, which prevented them from recording their forebears in Family Registers. As the family heads directly reported their Family Registers, some of concubines, eunuchs and widows recorded their forebears. It was general custom, however, that recording of 4 major forebears by concubines and widows were rejected. Like this, Kwangmoo Family Register cleverly distinguished the normal from the abnormal or formal wives from concubines, women with husbands from widows and men with genital organs from those without. Although social status system was abolished by Gab-O Reform (甲午改革) in 1894, Family Register system was still used as a method to disclose discriminatory statuses of members of the society at the era.

1905년 작성 平安北道 慈城郡 호적 검토

이정주(Lee, Jung-Joo) 한국역사민속학회 2015 역사민속학 Vol.0 No.49

이 논문은 1905년에 조사․작성된 평안북도 자성군 호적을 검토한 것이다. 1905년 당시 자성군은 세종대 4군 가운데 여연․자성․우예의 3군 영역에 해당하는 방대한 지역을 아우르고 있었다. 총 1,806㎢으로 1,848㎢의 제주도와 거의 비슷한 규모이다. 1433년 세종은 4군을 개척하고, 1442년에 4군 지역에 대규모의 徙民을 실시했다. 하지만 1459년에 세조가 4군을 철폐한 뒤로 1869년 자성군이 다시 설치되기까지 이 지역은 여진족이 횡행하는 곳이었다. 본고에서 검토의 대상으로 삼은 1905년 평안북도 자성군 호적은 자성군이 다시 설치되고 불과 36년이 경과한 시점의 기록이다. 현존하는 자성군 호적은 다른 지역에 비해 인쇄나 기록 상태가 매우 좋지 않다. 항목명이나 칸이 제대로 보이지 않고, 먹이 번지거나 흐려서 내용을 파악할 수 없는 경우가 많았던 것이다. 질이 좋지 못한 값싼 먹과 종이를 사용하였기 때문으로 보인다. 또한 기록자의 글씨체도 매끄럽지 못하고 졸렬한 편이었다. 게다가 1905년 자성군 호적은 戶口의 누락이 심하고, 직업 기재시 날품팔이를 빼거나 상공업 종사자의 비중을 축소하는 등 부실하게 기재되었다. 이처럼 성의가 부족하고 부실하게 작성한 호적이라는 커다란 한계에도 불구하고, 자성군 호적은 당시 해당 지역의 상황을 알 수 있는 귀중한 자료이기도 하다. 자성군 호적을 분석한 결과, 1905년 자성군에는 兩班戶가 존재하지 않았고 커다란 집도 없었으며, 사회․경제적으로 매우 균질적인 집단으로 구성되어 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 자성군에는 당시 한반도에 광범위하게 퍼져 있던 동족촌도 없었다. 가옥의 형태도 한반도의 여타 지역과 달랐다. 가옥은 통나무로 만들었으며, 지붕은 약 2cm 두께의 참나무 판을 50cm 정도로 잘라 얹는 형태로 조성하였다. 이러한 가옥을 ‘板家’라고 표현하였는데, 자성군의 모든 가옥이 板家였다. This study reviewed the family register of Jasung-gun, Pyunganbuk-do, which was made in 1905. In 1905, Jasung-gun covered large area, composed of 3 guns (i.e., Yeyoun, Jasung, and Wooye) among Sejongdae 4 guns. The total area was 1,806㎢, which was about the size of Jeju island (1,848㎢). King Sejong established the 4 guns in 1433 and moved a large number of people to the 4 guns in 1942. However, Jurchen dominated the land after King Sejo closed the 4 guns until Jasung-gun was reestablished in 1869. The Jasung-gun family register in 1905 was a record only 36 years after it was reestablished. The existing Jasung-gun family register has poorer print and recording condition than other regions. Item name and squares are barely readable and often it was impossible to read the contents because Chinese ink was spread or lightened. It would be because low quality Chinese ink and paper was used. Moreover, the recorder’s handwriting was not smooth, rather poor. Moreover, the Jasung-gun family register in 1905 was poorly recorded. For example, it seriously missed too many houses; it omitted day labor in job recording; it reduced the number of commercial and industrial workers. The Jasung-gun family register is a valuable historic record showing the status of the region at that time, although it was poorly and incompletely recorded<SUP>*</SUP>. Analysis on the Jasung-gun family register showed that Jasung-gun was composed of socially homogenous groups in 1905 and it did not have a house of nobleman and a mansion. The Jasung-gun did not have a town of a same last name, which was very common in the Korean peninsula<SUP>**</SUP>. The shape of houses was also different with that in other regions. All houses were made out of log and roof was made of 2㎝ thick and 50㎝ wide oak board. It was called ‘board’ house and all houses in the Jasung-gun were board houses.