세종대~단종대의 정치 변동과 풍수지리 : 풍수가 목효지의 사례를 중심으로

이정주(Lee Jung-Joo) 한국역사민속학회 2011 역사민속학 Vol.36 No.-

이 논문은 목효지의 풍수설을 통해 세종말~단종초의 정치적 갈등과 그 의미를 정리한 것이다. 목효지는 조선초 풍수가 가운데 가장 주목할 만한 인물이지만, 그에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 편이다. 목효지는 세종 23년(1441) (훗날 단종의 어머니인) 왕세자빈 권씨의 능 자리가 장자와 장손이 일찍 죽는 땅이라고 비판한 것을 비롯하여, 세종 30년(1448) 세종이 짓는 문소전 불당이 나라를 위태롭게 한다고 주장하였고, 단종대에도 문종의 능인 현릉의 위치가 왕을 약하게 하는 곳이라고 주장하였다. 목효지가 올린 세 번의 상소는 모두 무시되었지만, 문종의 죽음 이후 목효지의 풍수설은 오히려 주목받기 시작하였다. 목효지의 예언대로 문소전 불당의 건립 이후 세종과 문종이 잇달아 돌아갔기 때문이었다. 이제 단종마저 불길한 운명에 처할 것을 염려한 신하들은 단종을 풍수지리적으로 안전한 창덕궁으로 옮기려고 했다. 그러나 단종을 보호하려는 신하들의 의도는 수양대군의 반대에 부딪쳤다, 수양대군 일파는 끊임없이 단종을 풍수상 불리한 상황에 처하도록 했기 때문이다. 문종의 광중에서 물이 나왔음에도 다른 자리를 찾으려 하지 않고, 바로 옆에 매장을 시도한 정인지 또한 수양대군 일파의 거두였다. 목효지의 주장은 공교롭게도 모두 단종과 연관된 풍수적 대응이라는 공통점이 있다. 단종의 부모 능 선정 때마다 이의를 제기했으며, 문소전 불당 문제도 결국 단종의 안위와 관련이 있기 때문이다. 목효지는 풍수지리를 이용하여 단종을 보호하기 위해 노력했고, 결국 단종의 왕위를 넘보았던 수양대군과 대립하면서 비운에 죽을 수밖에 없었다. This article illuminate political conflict and its meaning from the late stage of Se-jong(世宗) to the early stage of Dan-jong(端宗) through Mok-hyo-Ji's feng shui theory. Mok-hyo-Ji(睦孝智) is one of the remarkable feng shui(風水) experts, but research on him has been rarely surveyed. Mok-hyo-Ji claimed in 1441(Se-jong 23th year) that the location of tomb of crown prince's wife was inauspicious because it would possibly make Se-jong's eldest son and his eldest grand son die early, that in 1448, the buddhist temple of Moo-so-jeon(文昭殿 佛堂) which Se-jong had meant to build would threaten the dynasty, and that in period of Dan-jong, the location of Hyeon-Reung(顯陵;Mun-jong's Tomb) would weaken King's power. Mok-hyo-Ji's three opinion were all ignored, but his feng shui theory starred to be focused since Mun-jong's death because as his prediction, Se-jong and Mun-jong(文宗) died one after another after construction of the buddhist temple of Mun-so-jeon. Therefore the subjects who worried about Dan-jong's ominous future planned to move Dan-jong's residence to Chang-Duck palace(昌德宮) which was believed safe on the basis of feng shui theory. But the intention of subjects which would protect Dan-jong's life faced the objection of Dan-jong's eldest uncle Prince Su-yang(首陽大君). Prince Su-yang's party wanted to let Dan-jong be under hard condition on feng shui theory. Jung-In-Ji(鄭麟趾) who didn't find other place when water sprung through the place which was first planned as Mun-jong's tomb and tried burying Mun-jong next to it was the head of prince Su-yang's party. Mok-hyo-Ji's claims have a simularity that is a feng shus's countmove for Dan-jong. For example, he did not agree whenever others would select the location of tombs which would be those of parents of Dan-jong, and his claim on the buddhist temple of Mun-so-jeon had correlation with Dan-jong's safety. Although he tried to protect Dan-jong, he died misfortunately because he was in opposition to prince Su-yang who wanted to become a king.

세종 31년(1449) 간(刊) 『사리영응기(舍利靈應記)』소재(所載) 정근입장인(精勤入場人) 분석

이정주 ( Jung Joo Lee ) 한국고문서학회 2007 古文書硏究 Vol.31 No.-

외상무홍채증과 동반된 무수정체안에서 흑색횡격막 인공수정체 삽입에 대한 장기 임상경험

이정주,이상준,김신동,Jung Joo Lee,M,D,Sang Joon Lee,M,D,Shin Dong Kim,M,D 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.2

`Purpose: This is a report on the long-term follow-up of patients who had received black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation after traumatic aniridia. Methods: This is a retrospective study on the long-term follow-up for more than 50 months of six patients who had received black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation after traumatic aniridia. Results: An improvement in visual acuity of more than two letters, according to the Snellan chart, occurred in three out of six eyes that were available for follow-up studies after an average period of 7 years and 8 months (50-115 months) after the operation, and no visual acuity decline groups were present. Early complications of black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation consisted of cystoid macular edema and transient intraocular pressure rise. The complications late occurred included bullous keratopathy in four eyes, glaucoma in three eyes, and exotropia in three eyes. We performed penetrating keratoplasty in two of the four eyes suffering from bullous keratopathy, and an Ahmed valve implantation in two of the three eyes suffering from glaucoma. There were signs of reduced visual acuity in four eyes due to complications of the surgery. Conclusions: The authors of this report recommend care in use of black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation, by studies done with an average follow-up period of 7 years and 8 months post operatively. Also reported were severe complications with this treatment such as bullous keratopathy and glaucoma.`

자동차 브레이크 마찰재용 비침상형 육티탄산칼륨의 합성 연구

이정주,이나리,피재환,김종영,김정주,Lee, Jung Ju,Lee, Na-Ri,Pee, Jae-Hwan,Kim, Jong-Young,Kim, Jeong-Joo 한국재료학회 2017 한국재료학회지 Vol.27 No.3

We synthesized potassium hexatitanate, ($K_2Ti_6O_{13}$, PT6), with a non-fibrous shape, by acid leaching and subsequent thermal treatment of potassium tetratitanate ($K_2Ti_4O_9$, PT4), with layered crystal structure. By controlling nucleation and growth of PT4 crystals, we obtained splinter-type crystals of PT6 with increased width and reduced thickness. The optimal holding temperature for the layered PT4 was found to be ${\sim}920^{\circ}C$. The length and width of the PT4 crystals were increased when the nucleation and growth time were increased. After a proton exchange reaction using aqueous 0.3 M HCl solution, and subsequent heat treatment at $850^{\circ}C$, the PT4 crystal transformed into splinter-type PT6 crystals. The frictional characteristics of the friction materials show that as the particle size of PT6 increases, the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear amounts of both the friction materials and counter disc increase.

가족스포츠여가활동 참여가 중학생들의 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향

이정주(Lee, Jung-Joo),고의석(Ko, Wi-Sug),한건수(Han, Gun-Soo) 한국산학기술학회 2012 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 중학생들의 가족스포츠여가활동 참여가 학교생활 적응에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 첫째, 성별에 따른 학교생활적응 수준의 차이, 둘째, 학년에 따른 학교생활 적응 수준의 차이, 셋째, 가족스포츠여가활동 참가에 따른 학교생활적응의 차이를 분석하였다. 연구대상은 경기도 소재 M 여자중학교와 대전의 K남자중학교에 재학중인 학생을 모집단으로 하였고, 유층집락무선표집법으로 총 587명을 선정 하였으며, 회수된 설문지 중 575부를 최종 분석자료로 이용하였다. 설문조사를 통하여 수집된 자료를 연구목적에 따 라 분석하기 위해 적용된 통계적 기법으로 t 검증과 일원변량분석(one-way analysis of variance)을 실시하였다. 그 결 과, 중학생들의 성별은 학교생활적응에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 학년과 가족스포츠여가활동 참가 여부는 중 학생들의 학교생활적응에 유의미한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 이러한 연구결과들은 중학생들의 학교생활적응을 돕기 위해 가족스포츠여가활동은 유용한 활동이 될 수 있음을 시사해준다. The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of participation in family leisure activity on school adjustment of middle school students. A total of six hundred questionnaires were distributed to the subjects, but only 587 questionnaires were collected. After excluding 12 questionnaires, 575 questionnaires were used for the analysis. An analysis of variance and independent t test were conducted using SPSS 18.0 for Windows and all comparisons were made at the p<.05 level of significance. The results showed that gender did not affect on school adjustment. There were significant differences in school adjustment by academic grades and family leisure activity participation(p<.05). It was concluded that participating in family leisure activity may be beneficial for middle school students to adapt their school life better.

영재아의 리더십 향상 프로그램 개발

이정주(Jung-joo Lee),김유미(You-me Kim) 한국영재교육학회 2011 영재와 영재교육 Vol.10 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 영재아의 리더십 향상을 위한 프로그램을 개발하는 것이다. 먼저 프로그램 개발을 위해 체제적 프로그램 개발모형에 따라 영재학급 학생 40명에게 요구조사를 실시하고 과제분석 및 대상 분석을 한 후, 프로그램 설계 준거 및 동기전략에 따라 프로그램과 지침서를 개발하였다. 프로그램의 효과성 검증을 위해 영재학급 학생 40명 중 18명은 실험집단에, 22명은 통제집단에 배정한 후, 실험집단에 6주에 걸쳐 12회기 동안 영재아의 리더십 프로그램을 적용하였다. 효과검증을 위한 t검증 결과, 통제집단에 비해 실험집단의 리더십 사후검사 점수가 유의미하게 높았다. 이는 본 연구에서 개발한 리더십 프로그램이 영재아의 리더십 향상에 효과적임을 시사한다. The purpose of this research is to develop a program for gifted children and to investigate the program’s effectiveness on the gifted children's leadership according to the systematic counseling program developing model. Task and target population analysis were conducted and then need analysis was also conducted at 40 children of the gifted class. Based on these analyses, the research's program and program guide were developed. In verifying the effectiveness of the program, 18 gifted children participated in the program while other 22 children were placed in control group. Children's Leadership Scale(Cronbach's α = 0.80) was administered for this program evaluation. The experimental group participated in 12 sessions of the integrative counseling program during 6 weeks for gifted children's leadership. After appling this program, the experimental group were higher than the control group in leadership post-test score and its sub-factors’ scores-vision and propel, challenge, decision, justice, responsibility and consideration-except interpersonal relationship and organizational ability.

2`7`-dichlorofluoroscein diacetate 를 사용하여 유세포분석법으로 진단된 반성유전 만성육아종성 질환 2 례

이정주(Jung Joo Lee),심정연(Jung Yeon Shim),홍수종(Soo Jong Hong),박찬정(Chan Jeoung Park),지현숙(Hyun Sook Chi) 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회 1997 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Chronic granulomatous disease is a group of rare X-linked or autosomal recessive genetic disorders due to the NADPH oxidase defect, which causes the defect in neutrophil respiratory burst function, the recurrent bacterial and fungal infection, and the granulomatous lesion. This disease can be diagnosed by measuring the decreased neutrophil respiratory burst activity in patient who shows X-linked recessive or autosomal recessive inheritance and the recurrent infection. To measure the neutrophil respiratory burst activity, NBT(nitroblue tetrazolium dye) test has been used. Recently, it has become possible to diagnose the chronic granulomatous disease patient as well as the carrier simply and rapidly with the flow cytometry which measures hydrogen peroxide within the neutrophil, using 2 7 dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCF-DA). We diagnosed two boys with history of recurrent infections and their carrier mothers as X-linked chronic granulomatous disease by flow cytometry using DCF-DA, and could follow up neutrophil respiratory burst activity after the administration of interferon gamma(INF-γ) to these patients.

鄭以吾의 交遊 관계와 정치 활동

이정주(Lee Jung-Joo) 한국인물사연구소 2009 한국인물사연구 Vol.12 No.-

이 논문은 정이오의 交遊 관계와 정치 활동을 살펴본 것이다. 본 논문을 통해 밝힌 사실은 다음과 같다. 정이오의 문집인 『郊隱集』을 통해 볼 때, 그가 접촉한 사람은 24인이었다. 그 수가 많지는 않지만, 정이오가 교유했던 인물들의 특징을 살펴보는데 큰 지장은 없었다. 정이오가 친밀하게 지냈던 것으로 추정되는 인물 가운데, 주목할 만한 인물은 하륜과 조준이다. 하륜은 정이오와 동갑이었고 어려서부터 진주향교에서 같이 공부하였다. 두 사람은 조선시대에 들어와서도 각종 책의 편찬을 같이 하였고, 공·사석에서 자주 접하였던 것으로 드러난다. 조준은 정이오와 같은 해에 과거에 합격하였고, 태조대 정이오의 후원자였다. 정이오는 조선 태조대와 태종대를 각각 대표하는 실력자였던, 조준과 하륜 모두와 상당히 가까운 사이였던 것이다. 또 정이오와 가까웠던 인불들은 柳伯淳' 柳伯濡와 그들의 父 柳方澤이었다. 이들 瑞山 柳氏家의 일원들은 모두 조선 건국에 대단히 부정적인 성향을 지녔던 인물들이었다. 정이오는 신왕조에 참여를 거부한 인물들과 친밀했던 것으로 보인다. 길재에게 경제적 지원을 했던 것도, 그가 고려에 충절을 지켰던 점을 높이 샀기 때문으로 생각된다. 정이오의 관직 생활은 정종 2년(1400)을 기점으로 큰 변화를 겪게 된다. 정이오는 정종이 거느린 甲士를 三軍府로 넘기자는 주장을 하며, 이방원 세력에 합류했다. 정이오가 이방원과 연결될 수 있었던 데에는 하륜의 역할이 결정적이었다. 하륜은 당시 관제 개혁과 사병 혁파를 총괄하고 있었다. 하륜 입장에서 정이오는 정종의 군사력 감축같은 은밀한 사안을 같이 추진하기에 적합한 인물이었다. 하륜과 정이 오는 고향, 학교, 나이와 정치적 성향이 같았기 때문이다. 이방원의 집권에 협력하면서, 정이오는 출세의 길을 걷게 되었다. 정이오가 태종에게 도움을 준 것은 사병 혁파만이 아니었다. 태종은 자신의 집권 기간 내에 『태조실록』을 편찬하여, 왕자의 난과 관련한 불편한 진실을 숨기고, 집권의 정당성을 후대에 남기고자 했다. 비밀을 유지하기 위해, 소수의 제한된 인원만 『태조실록』 편찬에 참여할 수 있었다. 정이오는 많지 않은 인원을 거느리고, 『태조실록』 편찬을 성공적으로 마무리지었다. 그리고 그 공로를 인정받아 藝文館 大提學이 되었다. 정이오가 대제학이었던 기간은 8개월에 불과하였지만, 정이오는 이후 前大提學으로 불리우며 '一世의 名儒' 혹은 '斯文의 宗匠'으로 계속 존경받을 수 있었다. This article has examined Jeong Yi-o's companionship and political activities thereby, it has discovered the following facts. According to his anthology, [Kyoeunjip (郊隱集)], he was in contact with 24 persons. Although the number of people is quite small, it was not difficult to figure out the characteristics of Jeong's companions with it. Among the figures regarded to have been close with Jeong, the ones that are noticeable include Ha Ryun and Jo Jun. Ha Ryun and Jeong Yi-o were of the same age, and they studied together from childhood at Hyanggyo in Jinju. It is a well-known fact that the two compiled various kinds of books together even in Joseon Dynasty as well and often met at either formal or informal occasions. Jo Jun passed the Civil Examination in the year when Jeong Yi-o did so, too, and he was Jeong's supporter during the period of Taejo(太祖). Jeong Yi-o was fairly intimate with both Jo Jun and Ha Ryun, the potentates representing the time of Taejo and Taejong in Joseon separately. Jeong Yi-o's governmental life experienced dramatic change from the second year of Jeongjong (1400) as a turning point. Jeong joined the power of Lee Bang-won as insisting the transfer of the army commanded by Jeong Jong(定宗) to Samgunbu (三軍府). In the connection between Jeong Yi-o and Lee Bang-won, Ha Ryun played a critical role. Ha Ryun was then in charge of generalizing reform of government organization and innovation of soldiers. In Ha Ryun's position, Jeong Yi-o was a suitable person with whom he could promote confidential plans like reducing military strength of Jeong Jong because Ha Ryun and Jeong Yi-o shared the same hometown, school, age, and political inclination as well. As he cooperated with the power of Lee Bang-won, Jeong Yi-o came to make his way in life. The aid Jeong provided to Taejong(太宗) was not just for the innovation of soldiers. Taejong compiled [Taejosilrok(太祖實錄)] during his seizure of power to hide the uncomfortable truth related to the Royal Prince's War and transmit the fairness of his reign to future generations. So as to observe secrecy, a limited number of people could participate in the compilation of [Taejosilrok]. By heading the few persons, Jeong Yi-o completed the compilation successfully. After his service came to be recognized, he became Daejehak of Yemungwan. Despite the fact that it was only eight months that he worked as Daejehak, Jeong Yi-o has won respect continuously since then as a prominent Confucianist of the day.

조선시대 貞節 倫理의 실천자와 身分

이정주(Lee, Jung-joo) 한국역사민속학회 2007 역사민속학 Vol.- No.24

This article is to study the influence of faithfulness morals on social status in the Choson period through analyzing 1,299 persons, who have a fidelity, listed on Sinjeungdonggukyeojiseungram and Yeojidoseo. The results of this study and its statistics summarize as follows. The 959 persons (73.8%) among the faithful woman of Choson dynasty were ‘Yangban’ which means aristocratic class. The majority of the faithful woman is ‘Yangban’. The next things are ordered by commoner (17.2%), servants (4.7%), and middle class (2.1%) in the Choson period. Excepting the 16th century, the rate of faithful woman of Choson dynasty is getting higher. In the 18th century, the 81.8% of among faithful woman was Yangban. In a case middle class and servants, the number of faithful woman had been small and its rate had been declining after the 18th century. The rate of faithful woman among commoner was 24.6%(16C), 20.4%(17C), and 10.4%(18C). In the 16th century, the rate of faithful woman was much higher than before the 16th century. After 17th century, the rate of faithful woman had been declining. The ideology of fidelity represented faithfulness woman had kept a thing exclusively to Yangban as time goes up the late of Choson dynasty. This fact is contrast to common theory that the ideology of worship of faithfulness woman had spread to whole classes as time goes up the late of Choson dynasty. The government of Choson dynasty had done to diffuse Confucian to common people through edification policy. The result of the policy, the rate of faithfulness woman among middle class, commoner, and servants was 31%. However, the faithfulness woman from Yanban had been outstanding during the late of Choson dynasty. The reason is that the Yangban of the late of Choson dynasty had used the ideology of fidelity as a tool in order to strength an honor to a family or get superior status distinguishing non-ruler. That is, the trend of fidelity worship is not limited on the identity of gender related to woman.

문화적 차이와 사용자 연구 방법의 상호 관계 이해를 위한 연구 프로세스 제안

이정주(Lee Jung-Joo),이건표(Lee Kun-Pyo) 한국디자인학회 2006 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-