신장 허혈 재관류 손상에 미치는 Ethyl Pyruvate의 효과

정구용(Ku-Yong Chung),정규영(Gyu Young Jeong),안형준(Hyung Joon Ahn),주만기(Man Ki Ju),장혜경(Hye Kyung Chang),이우정(Woo Jung Lee),한평림(Pyung-Lim Han),김유선(Yu Seun Kim) 대한외과학회 2007 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.72 No.5

Purpose: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury, and are also associated with the gradual loss of renal function and renal failure following renal transplantation. Pyruvate is an endogenous antioxidant, but its use as a therapeutic agent for treating conditions mediated by oxidative stress is limited due to its poor stability in solution. However, ethyl pyruvate (EP), a soluble pyruvate derivative, has far greater stability than pyruvate; thus, may serve as a practical pyruvate precursor. Therefore, the ability of EP in the prevention of renal ischemia- reperfusion injury was assessed. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=54) were subjected to 40 minutes of renal warm ischemia. The animals were divided into three groups: the sham group without warm ischemia (n=18), the EP group (n=18, EP given before ischemia), and the ischemic control (n=18). The serum levels of creatinine and TNF-α were measured 1, 3 and 5 days after induction of ischemia. The expression of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), a delayed inflammatory mediator, was also assessed by Western blot of renal specimens. Results: In the EP group, late improvements in the serum levels of creatinine and TNF-α were observed in comparison with the ischemic control. Based on this delayed effect, the expression of HMGB-1 was assessed in renal tissue. The HMGB-1 expression increased over time during the ischemia process, but EP suppressed this expression 3 and 5 days after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conclusion: These results have demonstrated, for the first time, that EP ameliorates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. EP attenuates the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, at least in part, by suppressing the expression of HMGB-1, a late mediator of delayed inflammation.

장폐쇄에서 나타나는 장점막 손상의 진단에서 내독소의 유용성

이정은(Jeong-Eun Lee),염차경(Cha-Kyong Yom),박재정(Jae-Jung Park),한기환(Ki-Hwan Han),허정원(Jung-Won Huh),성순희(Sun-Hee Sung),정구용(Ku-Yong Chung) 대한외과학회 2008 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.74 No.2

Purpose: The treatment outcome of an intestinal obstruction depends on the early recognition and emergent operation of a strangulated intestinal obstruction. Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide component of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria that normally exist in the intestinal lumen. When a strangulated obstruction occurs, the endotoxin passes transluminally into the peritoneal cavity and blood stream. A disruption of the mucosal barrier is an important putative cause in this pathogenesis. This study investigated the relationship between the endotoxin level and progress of an intestinal obstruction to a strangulated obstruction. Methods: 25 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200∼250 g) were divided into 3 groups, the control group, simple obstruction group, and closed loop obstruction group. An intestinal obstruction was induced using a silk tie. Blood samples and obstructed bowel wall specimens were obtained at 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. The endotoxin and IL-6 levels were examined, and all specimens were reviewed by a pathologist for mucosal damage after H-E staining. Results: In the obstruction groups, dilated bowel loops at the proximal end of the obstruction site was identified but there were no ischemic changes. The endotoxin and IL-6 levels were similar regardless of the obstruction types and times. There were no differences between the three groups in the degree of mucosal damage. However, according to the endotoxin level, the groups with an endotoxin level <0.2 EU/㎖ showed mild mucosal damage. The severity of mucosal damage increased with increasing endotoxin level. Conclusion: There is a positive relationship (r2=0.673, P-value=0.002) between the endotoxin level and mucosal damage. This suggests the possibility of using endotoxin as a predictive factor for the detection of mucosal injury in an intestinal obstruction. However, a larger scale will be needed to confirm the statistical significance.

돼지-개 사이의 보조적 이종 간이식 모델

박재정(Jae Jeong Park),정구용(Ku-Yong Chung),이정은(Jeong-Eun Lee),염차경(Cha-Kyong Yom),이재길(Jae-Gil Lee),안형준(Hyung Joon Ahn),오세관(Sei-Kwan Oh),성순희(Sun-Hee Sung),강병철(Byung-Chul Kang),한기환(Ki-Hwan Han) 대한외과학회 2008 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.75 No.5

Purpose: We designed a pig to canine liver xenotransplantation model to study the diverse immunologic and hemodynamic consequences that follow xenotransplantation and hyperacute rejection. Methods: The animals were divided into two groups: the cobra venom factor and Gadolinium chloride treatment group (CVF+Gd group) (3 cases) and the control group (3 cases). The donor pig"s whole liver was harvested, and then the harvested pig"s whole liver was transplanted into a dog after the dog underwent left hepatectomy. After reperfusion of the graft, blood samples were taken 20, 40 and 60 minutes after reperfusion, and the liver, lung and kidney tissues were taken 1 hour after reperfusion. Results: In the control group, the grafts showed a patchy hypoperfused liver surface and it felt rubbery solid compared to the CVF+Gd group. The serum total protein, albumin, fibrinogen and platelets decreased abruptly and there were no significant differences between the two groups. The serum PT, PTT and FDP were increased in both groups and the CVF+Gd group showed a more obtuse slope than the control group. We could not find any intravascular pathologic changes on the microscopic findings of the graft. Only scant intravascular fibrin deposition was found. Hepatocellular vacuolization and sinusoidal dilatation were also found. There were patches of necrosis without any zonal distribution, intrasinusoidal neutrophil sequestration and interstitial hemorrhage. These findings were milder in the CVF+Gd group. Conclusion: The pig to canine partial auxiliary liver xenotransplantation model is feasible and it is a good model before starting to perform pig to primate liver xenotransplantation. In the CVF+Gd group, pathologic findings like patch hepatocyte necrosis etc. were less severe. As there were no corresponding vascular pathologic findings, these findings are not the direct effect of CVF and gadolinium treatment, and so other factors like Ischemiareperfusion injury should be considered.

Nitric Oxide Donor가 신장 허혈 재관류 손상 시 내인성 Endothelin-1 분비에 미치는 영향

정규영(Gyu-Young Jeong),성순희(Sun Hee Sung),김상이(Sang Yee Kim),손정은(Jeong Eun Sohn),이우정(Woo Jung Lee),김유선(Yu Seun Kim),정구용(Ku-Yong Chung) 대한외과학회 2004 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.66 No.3

나노 코팅된 비금속 전극재의 현장 적용성 연구

안상로,안광국(Ahn, Kwang-Kuk),정구식(Jeong, Ku-Sic),이준대(Lee, Jun-Dae),Kim, Seong-Ho 한국지반환경공학회 2019 한국지반환경공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.9

시공단계에 따른 미관입 SCP의 거동 특성

안광국(Kwang-Kuk Ahn),박종서(Jong-Seo Park),이준대(Jun-Dae Lee),정구식(Ku-Sic Jeong) 한국지반환경공학회 2012 한국지반환경공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2012 No.9

한국인의 혈청 비타민D 수치 추이

정승진(Seung Jin Jung),황보율(Yul Hwangbo),정지훈(Ji Hoon Jung),김지훈(Jihoon Kim),김현우(Hyunwoo Kim),정구형(Ku Hyong Jeong),이동원(Dong Won Lee),조상현(Sang Hyun Cho),김현우(Hyun Woo Kim) 대한임상노인의학회 2018 대한임상노인의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Background: There is insufficient data to analyze how the vitamin D status of the Koreans has changed over the years. The purpose of this study is to describe the trend of serum vitamin D concentration by using 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations measured from 2008 to 2014 (the 4th-6th period of KNHANES). Methods: KNHANES conducted a survey on participants who were 10 years old or older and whose blood 25(OH)D concentration was measured from 2008 to 2014. In this study, linear regression analysis was used to assess blood 25(OH)D concentration trends and logistic regression analysis was used to assess prevalence trends. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration of all age groups showed a statistically significant decrease. The serum 25(OH)D concentration of the twenties was the lowest in all the surveyed years and the serum 25(OH)D concentration of the forties showed the fastest declining trend. There was no significant increase in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the group using dietary supplements. Conclusion: The serum vitamin D level of Koreans has been decreasing for seven years. Vitamin D replacement through dietary supplements is needed in the high risk group of vitamin D deficiency.

한국 현대 기독교미술과 옥션

이정구(Lee Jeong-Ku) 한신대학교 신학사상연구소 2007 신학사상 Vol.0 No.139

  최근 국내 기독교 기관 각지에서 기독교 미술품 옥션 설립에 많은 관심을 보이고 있다. 이 논문은 한국 현대 기독교미술에 대한 비평과 동시에 기독교 미술품 옥션이 지향해야 할 방향과 정체성에 관한 글이다. 한국의 현대 기독교미술의 질적인 고양과, 신자를 포함한 일반 시민들의 미적 안목을 고양시키기 위한 방편으로서의 기독교 미술품 옥션에 대한 평가는 긍정적일 수 있겠지만 반면 투기로 인한 부정적인 측면도 간과할 수 없는 것이다. 이 논문은 기독교 미술품 옥션이 부동산 투기처럼 부정적으로 활성화되기 전에 이 옥션을 통해 기독교미술을 발전시킬 것인지에 관한 신학적인 고심이다. 자본주의 논리에 따라 세속의 옥션을 모방하기를 지양하고 기독교 문화발전을 위해 무엇보다 공공성을 확보하는 방법을 마련해야 한다. 옥션시장의 주체와 옥션에 참여하는 사람들이 세속적인 탐욕을 포기할 때 비로소 기독교 미술품 옥션시장은 신뢰를 받는 문화권위기관으로 자리매김하게 될 수 있다.   The foundation of the christian art work auction has been attracting a close attention from every christian organization recently in Korea. This article is to provide critical views to Korean christian modern arts and to offer a direction that the christian art work auction ought to head for. The christian art work auction can play a positive role in enhancing the quality of christian modern arts as well as the artistic appreciation of general people including christians. However, the negative aspects in connection with potential speculation cannot be overlooked. This is a theological inquiry on whether christian artistic quality can be improved through the auction, by preventing it from being used as a market for real-estate speculations. Its social implications should be examined as well, and all related issues will be discussed, such as the issue of following the secular auction in the capitalistic system. Only when secular greeds are removed from the auction market, would christian art work auction be established as an authoritative organ of christian culture.

현대 한국고층교회의 공간위계 풍경 비판

이정구(Lee Jeong-ku) 한신대학교 신학사상연구소 2011 신학사상 Vol.0 No.155

이 논문은 동방교회의 정방형 공간보다는 서방교회의 장방형 평면을 기본으로 삼고 있는 현대 한국의 교회건축에서는 어떤 목적으로 교회 내부 공간을 분절하고 점유하는 것인지에 대한 비평이다. 교회가 예배와 목회, 선교적 기능만이 아니라 다른 복합적인 이유로 교회 내부 공간을 위계적으로 분절하는 것에 관한 연구이다. 예배기능뿐만 아니라 다양한 목회적 직능을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해 구축한 평면구성과 의도적인 공간배치의 위계성에 대한 신학적 분석이다. 교회공간을 크게 대 예배실(main chapel), 소 예배실, 당회장실, 사무실, 주차 공간, 식당 공간으로 구분하고, 고층교회 건물인 경우 어떤 이유로 어디에 각각의 공간을 배치하였는지에 대한 연구이다. 교회의 선교신학과 정책에 따라 다소 차이는 있겠지만, 교회건물이 예배와 기도, 친교의 공간들이 집합된 선교의 공간으로서 그 기능을 하기 위해서는 먼저 공간의 위계를 설정하고 그 모든 공간에 누구나 정서적으로 편하고 자유롭게 출입할 수 있는 공공성을 갖는 낮춤의 공간이 되도록 교회가 노력을 해야 한다. 그러나 현대 한국 교회의 공간위계는 대체로 목회자의 과시와 교회의 양적성장을 위한 것이 기준이 되고 있다. 이 논문의 의의는 한국 교회가 공간분절을 위해 유념해야 할 신학적이고 목회적인 부분들과, 또 이미 구축된 공간에 대한 비판적 태도를 안내함으로써 교회 공간에 대한 인식을 바르게 하려는 것이다. This thesis is to criticize for what purpose the church’s inner space is divided and occupied in modern Korean high-rise church architecture which is based on rectangular space of Roman Catholic Church rather than on square plane of Orthodox Church. It is a study on hierarchical division of church’s inner space that has been carried on to worship and practise service, ministration, mission work and other complex functions. It will theologize hierarchy of plan composition and spatial arrangement built to effectively perform worship and various pastoral authorities. The church space will be divided briefly into main chapel, crypt(small chapel), the senior clergy office, the office, parking lot and cafeteria and will be studied with focus on why and where every space is arranged in a high-rise church building. Although differences may exist depending on missionary theology and policy of church, in order that church building serves as the space of mission with worship, prayer and friendship combined, the church has to firstly decide hierarchy of spaces and try to be a modest, public place where anyone can stay comfortable and access freely. However, the hierarchy of Modern Korean high-rise church building space has become a standard for the minister’ ostentation and quantitative expansion of church. The object of this thesis is to correct the perception of church space by analysing the theological and pastoral factors that the church has to keep in mind for spatial division and by guiding critical opinions towards space already built.

연구논문 : 세속권력의 신성화; 이미지의 조작과 남용 -라벤나의 성 비탈레 성당 유스티니아누스 황제 모자이크를 중심으로

이정구 ( Jeong Ku Lee ) 민주사회정책연구원 2012 민주사회와 정책연구 Vol.21 No.-

비잔틴 시대 라벤나의 주교 막시미아누스는 유스티니아누스 황제와 동행하는 자신의 가상의 스토리텔링을 모자이크로 제작하여 비탈레 성당 지성소에 설치함으로써 독실한 기독교 군주였던 황제 숭배를 유도하는 충성을 했다. 동시에 자신이 정치적으로 힘이 있는 듯이 위장했다. 또 지역의 주교로서 당시 비잔틴 교회의 수장이었던 콘스탄티노플 총대주교에 버금가는 위치로 자신의 위치를 격상시킨 거짓의 이미지를 보임으로써 그의 욕망을 한 그림에 담아내었다. 이것은 한 지역의 주교가 자신의 정치적 욕망과 명예욕을 모자이크를 통해 투사하여 교회 지성소에 위치시킴으로써 숭배하도록 한 작품이라고 할 수 있다. 예배 중에 제단의 모자이크를 볼 수밖에 없었던 당대는 현대와 같은 정보사회가 아니었으며 문맹자가 다수였던 상황에서 대부분의 교인들은 모자이크가 전해 주는 조작된 정보를 수용했을 가능성이 높다. 테크놀로지를 통해 21세기의 개인은 모두 감시의 대상이 된다. 동시에 권력은 이미지를 이용하여 그 권력을 극대화하기도 한다. 현대 교회는 목회자와 교회의 프로파간다를 위해 이미지의 힘을 이용하여 활용하고 있다. 정교분리 시대에 있는 현대 교회는 정교의 유착 관계를 실사(實寫)하여 보다 더 생동감 있는 구체적인 사실을 전시하면서 목회자의 개인적인 정치적 유착을 과시하고 있다. 신체 이미지는 하나의 권력적인 영역을 구축하고 거기에 모인 사람들에게 보이지 않는 힘의 폭력을 행사한다. 그리고 이 폭력은 우상에 대한 무의식의 신성한 복종으로까지 우회된다. 따라서 국가, 기업, 종교, 개인에 이르기까지 그들이 필요에 따라 이미지를 조작하고 남용하는 것을 분별하는 감시가 필요한 것이다. Maximianus, Bishop of Ravenna in the Byzantine times, faithfully drew worships to the emperor who was a committed Christian, and also pretended to be politically powerful by producing a mosaic of imaginary story that Maximianus accompanied the emperor, and by installing it on the presbytery wall in the sanctuary of San Vitale`s Church. And as the Bishop of a region, he projected his desire in a picture by showing a false image that promoted himself to a place equal to the Archbishop Constantinople who was the head of the Byzantine Church at the time. This work on which a bishop of a region projected his desire for honor and political power with mosaics, drew worships by being presented in the Church`s sanctuary. In those times when mosaic of the altar had to be seen during the service, it was certainly not the information society as today is. Under the circumstances that believers were mostly illiterate, it is highly likely that most of believers accepted the fabricated information given by the mosaic. Individuals of the 21st century all make the objects of surveillance through the technology. Furthermore, the power comes to maximize itself through the image. The Modern Church is currently utilizing the power of images for the propaganda of the Church and its pastors. In the times of the separation of church and state, the Modern Church puts out an actual image of the close alliance of church and state, and displays a pastor`s personal relationship with politics by exhibiting more of the lively and concrete information. The body image constructs a territory of power, and wields violence of power to people gathered in the territory. This violence even detours to sacred obedience of unconsciousness towards the idol. In consequences, observation and discernment are needed in preventing state, enterprise, religion and individuals from fabricating and abusing images to their needs.