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      • KCI등재

        제연구역 출입문의 차압 및 개방력 측정기준의 실효성 분석에 관한 연구

        이재오,최충석 한국화재소방학회 2012 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.26 No.4

        The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem in measuring the differential pressure between the fire area and the neighboring smoke control zone as well as the opening force of a fire door and to present the actual values measured by an objective method. NFSC 501A specifies that the force necessary to open an access door when operating a smoke control system shall be less than 110 N. When the smoke control system does not operate in the space where it is installed,the door opening force can be measured by the test method in KS F 2805. However, when the smoke control system operates,additional opening force is required to overcome the force generated by the differential pressure between the fire area and smoke control room. Therefore, it can be seen that the method proposed by the standard has insufficient reliability. The analog measuring device and digital measuring device showed that the opening forces, Fa and Fd, of the fully closed door before the smoke control system were 27.8 N and 27.4 N, respectively. When the door remained open by 5o, the opening forces, Fa and Fd, were 33 N and 33.6 N, respectively. When the smoke control system operated and the door was fully closed, the door opening forces, Fa and Fd, were 77.6 N and 76.0 N, respectively. Therefore, since the door opening forces are different from the criteria presented by KS F 2805, it is required to review the criteria appropriately. 본 연구에서는 화재실과 인접부 제연구역의 차압 및 방화문의 개방력을 측정할 때의 문제점을 분석하고, 객관적인 방법에 의해 측정된 실측값을 제시하는데 있다. NFSC 501A의 제연설비 가동 시 출입문의 개방에 필요한 힘은 110 N 이하로 규정하고 있다. 제연설비가 설치된 공간에서 제연설비가 작동하지 않을 때는 KS F 2805의 시험방법에 의해서개방력의 측정이 가능하지만 제연설비가 작동되었을 때는 화재실과 제연실의 차압에 의해 발생되는 추가적인 힘이 필요하므로 기준에서 제시하는 시험방법은 신뢰성이 부족함을 알 수 있다. 제연설비 가동 전 완전히 폐쇄된 상태의 개방력은아날로그측정기(Fa) 27.8 N, 디지털측정기(Fd) 27.4 N을 각각 나타냈다. 그리고 문이 5o 개방된 상태의 개방력 Fa는33 N, Fd는 33.6 N을 나타냈다. 제연설비가 작동되고 완전히 폐쇄된 상태의 개방력 Fa는 45.3 N, Fd는 46.9 N을 나타냈고, 문이 5o 개방된 상태의 개방력 Fa는 77.6 N, Fd는 76.0 N 등으로 확인되었다. 따라서 현재의 KS F 2805에서 제시하고 있는 기준과 상이하므로 적절한 기준의 검토가 요구된다.

      • 글자체 디자인의 法的保護에 관한 考察

        이재오 경희대학교 국제법무대학원 2003 國際法務硏究 Vol.7 No.1

        The puprose of this paper is to find out an appropriate method of legal protection for typeface designs. This comment discusses the options available for protecting the intellectual property of typefaces. It reviews the requirements of copyright protection, applies those requirements to typeface design, and concludes that typefaces are appropriate subject matter of copuright. The comment goes on to analyze the problems associated with protecting typefaces with copyright. In order to avoid certain undesirable consequences of protecting typeface design with copyright, something like the following limitation is proposed to be added to existing copyright law; in the case of a typeface design, it is not an infringement of copuright to depict an article printed with the typeface in any literary, pictorial, graphic, or audiovisual work, or to use the typeface in the ordinary course of typing, composing text, typesetting, or printing. Modem technological tools have combined with accessible and affordable typeface design programs to allow the small desktop publisher to develope new designs in letterforms. High public demand for graphic creativity provides market opportunities for those with creative potential. Particular typefaces are no longer tied to particular typesetting machinery. According to these trend, recently the supreme court admitted protection of typeface programs. However, this protection may inadequate to serve the needs of the fledgling independent design market; while the current computer program protection law protects the actual font file, it fails to prevent copying of the underlying analog or graphic reproduction. Under the current supreme court interpretation of copuright law, typeface is completely unprotected by copyright. Therefore, under the copuright law as it currently exists, the typeface designer remains without recourse against someone who pirates a pictorial or graphic reproduction of his or her work. A typeface design is an artistic work of authorship that deserve the same copyright protection as any other artistic work. Typeface design has the character of industrial design as well as it is the subject matter of copyright, and typeface has its own characteristics such as relevance to a letter, or practicality which is common to applied artistic work. Therefore the method of protection for typefaces that makes the most sense is a new legislation similar to existing copyright law. The 1990s saw an explosion in personal computing. About a decade age 'desktop publishing' did not exist; the problem of pirating typeface did not exist on any appreciable scale. Today, as more individuals use personal computers, and fonts and typefaces are copied and traded by countless users, the importance of protecting the expression in typeface has increased. The legislation proposed in this comment provides that protection.

      • KCI등재

        제연구역 출입문의 최적 설계를 위한 도어클로저의 기준 산정에 관한 연구

        이재오,최충석 한국화재소방학회 2013 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.27 No.3

        The purpose of this study is to assess the criteria on a floor hinge and door closer for the optimum design of the access door of a smoke control room. The door opening force due to differential pressure is 60.75 N, 40.5 N, 32.91 N and 12.66 N when the differential pressure is 60 Pa, 40 Pa, 32.5 Pa and 12.5 Pa, respectively. The door opening force of the floor hinge and door closer to which the criteria of KS F 2806 are applied is 27.5 N, 40 N, 75 N, 100 N and 125 N for the Nos. 1, 2,3, 4 and 5 class floor hinges and door closers, respectively. This study compared the differential pressure and opening force limits of floor hinges and door closers with the values specified in NFSC 501A and found that they exceeded the criteria specified in NFSC 501A. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect the differential pressure and smoke control wind speeds as well as the opening forces specified in NFSC 501A on the design of floor hinges and door closers. The installation conditions of floor hinges and door closers of access doors differ depending on the type and name of a smoke control damper. This study found that Nos. 1, 2 and 3 floor hinges and door closers could be installed for access doors with low differential pressure and that Nos. 1 and 2 floor hinges and door closers could be installed for access doors with normal differential pressure. 본 연구의 목적은 제연구역 출입문의 최적 설계를 위한 플로어힌지(floor-hinge) 및 도어클로저(door closer)의 기준을제시하는데 있다. 차압에 대한 개방력은 60 Pa일 때 60.75 N, 40 Pa일 때 40.5 N, 32.5 Pa일 때 32.91 N, 12.5 Pa일 때12.66 N 등이다. KS F 2806의 기준을 적용한 플로어힌지 및 도어클로저의 개방력은 No.1은 27.5 N, No. 2는 40 N,No. 3는 75 N, No. 4는 100 N, No. 5는 125 N 등이다. 차압과 플로어힌지 및 도어클로저의 개방력을 NFSC 501A의개방력 제한값과 비교한 결과 기준을 초과하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 NFSC 501A 차압과 방연 풍속을 설계에 반영하는 것뿐만 아니라 개방력도 설계에 반영할 필요가 있다. 제연댐퍼의 종류에 따라 출입문의 플로어힌지 및 도어클로저의 설치 조건은 호칭에 따라 다르다. 저차압용의 경우는 No. 1, No. 2, No. 3의 설치가 가능하며, 일반 차압용의 경우에는 No. 1, No. 2의 설치가 가능하였다.

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