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장기간의 고지방 식이 섭취가 골격근 내 PPAR Isoforms 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향
이장규(Lee Jangkyu),김정규(Kim Jungkyu),문희원(Moon Heewon),신영오(Shin Youngoh),이종삼(Lee Jongsam) 韓國營養學會 2007 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.40 No.3
We determined the effects of dietary manipulations on messenger RNA of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor isoforms (i.e., PPAR α, (β/δ, r) in red vastus lateralis muscle of rats. Total 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and animals were divided into one of two dietary conditions: either chow diet group (CHOW; n = 8) in which animals were fed with standard rodent chow (61.8% carbohydrate, 15.7% fat, 22.5% protein) or high fat diet group (FAT n = 8) in which animals were fed 24.3% carbohydrate, 52.8% fat, 22.9% protein. At the end of the 8 weeks of experimental period, red vastus lateralis muscle was dissected out from all animals, and PPAR α, β/δ, r mRNA expression was determined. There was no significant difference in body mass (BM) between CHOW and FAT. As expected, blood glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) concentration was higher in FAT than CHOW (p<0.05), and lactate concentration was significantly lower in FAT compared to CHOW (p<0.05). Insulin concentration tended to higher in FAT than CHOW (67.2 ± 21.9 vs. 27.0 ± 5.2 p㏖/L), but it did not reach to the statistical significance. Gene expression of PPAR a was not significantly different between CHOW and FAT. It was not also significantly different in PPAR β/δ. Interestingly, expression of mRNA in PPAR r however, was markedly depressed in FAT compared to CHOW (approximately 3 fold higher in CHOW; p<0.05). Results obtained from present study implies that PPAR r (as compensatory function of PPAR α is expressed) possibly exerts another major tuning roles in fatty acid transport, utilization, as well as biosynthesis in skeletal muscle cells. The situations and conditions that can be postulated for this implication need to be further examined. (Korean J Nutr 2007; 40(3): 221~228)
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군 BTL 정책이 적용된 병영생활관 사용자 설문 연구 - 구형 병영생활관과 신형 병영생활관 동시 사용자의 설문을 중심으로 -
이장규 ( Lee Jangkyu ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.8
(Background and Purpose) Since 2004, the government has implemented the military BTL policy as the modernization project of the military barrack dormitories. The study on the meaning, validity, and satisfaction of the military BTL policy and the study on the military barrack dormitories were conducted from 2005 to 2013; however, the frequency of research is low. In addition, according to the military restructuring plan, the modernization project is being pursued continuously as of 2020, which required new research. Therefore, this study aims to suggest the importance of the military BTL policy and the results of important items of indoor space through a survey of soldiers on the meaning, validity, satisfaction, and indoor elements of the military BTL policy in the aspect of discrimination of the study. (Method) In the theoretical consideration for the study, an interview-type survey was conducted based on the contents of the cognitive and feasibility satisfaction of the military BTL policy, which is the main focus of the study, and the previous research data on the military barrack dormitories. The survey and statistical research set up items on the military BTL policy and barrack dormitory indoor elements; the areas and items were derived through the analysis of previous studies. In this study, two areas and every item were analyzed and presented. (Result) In the military BTL policy items, the recognition and validity of the policy that applied to the barrack dormitories were analyzed to be very high; the satisfaction of the soldiers was also very high. In the case of the indoor elements, indoor temperature, humidity, brightness, and noise were analyzed to be more satisfactory because there was a developmental change in life after living in the new barracks. The contents of the indoor space area, height, mobility, and behavioral appropriateness, were found at the new barracks dormitory; life after residence was very satisfactory and suitable for the behavior of barrack dormitory. The recognition, validity, and satisfaction of the military BTL policy was a very advanced project by soldiers who are the new barrack dormitory users as it is important to maximize the morale of soldiers and maintain a comfortable barrack lifestyle. (Conclusion) The study on the improvements and expected effects of the military BTL policy in progress suggests that the improvements in the policy and the application of the developmental elements of the living conditions that meet the gradually changing soldiers' life paradigm and trends are meaningful policies, which will increase the satisfaction of future combat power development and barrack life.
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식이 지방산 종류가 운동 시 조직 내 Pro-및 Macro-Glycogen의 동원 및 재합성에 미치는 영향
이종삼(Lee Jongsam),김재철(Kim Jaechul),권영우(Kwon Youngwoo),이장규(Lee Jangkyu),이정필(Lee Jeongpil),윤정수(Yoon Chungsoo) 韓國營養學會 2007 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.40 No.3
The purpose of this study was to investigate that the effect of dietary fatty acid composition on pro- and macro-glycogen utilization and resynthesis. The analyses were further extended for different muscle fibers (type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, & type Ⅱb) as well as tissues (i.e., liver & heart). Total one hundred sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and rats were randomly allocated into four experimental groups: animals fed standard chow diet (n = 40), animals fed saturated fatty acid diet (n = 40), animals fed monounsaturated fatty acid (n = 40), and animals fed polyunsaturated fatty acid (n = 40). Animals in each groups were further divided into five subgroups: sacrificed at REST (n = 8), sacrificed at immediately after 3 hr swim exercise (P-0HR, n = 8), sacrificed at one hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-1HR, n = 8), sacrificed at four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-4HR, n = 8), and sacrificed at twenty-four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-24HR, n = 8). Soleus (type Ⅰ), red gastrocnemius (type Ⅱa), white gastrocnemius (type Ⅱb), liver, and heart were dissected out at appropriated time point from all animals, and were used for analyses of pro- & macro-glycogen concentrations. After 8 weeks of dietary interventions, there was no significant difference in body mass in any of dietary conditions (p>.05). After 3 hr swim exercise, blood lactate level was higher compared to resting conditions in all groups, but it was returned to resting value after 1 hr rest (p<.05). Free fatty acid concentration was higher in all high fat fed groups (regardless of fatty acid composition) than CHOW consumed group. At rest, pro- & macro-glycogen concentration was not different from any of experimental groups (p>.05). Regardless of forms of glycogen, the highest level was observed in liver (p<.01), and most cases of supercompensation after 3hr exercise observed in this study were occurred in CHOW fed tissues. Except heart muscle, all tissues used in this study showed that pro- and macro-glycogen concentration was significantly decreased after 3 hr exercise. Based on these results, two conclusions were made: first, there is no different level of glycogen content in various tissues regardless of types of fatty acids consumed and second, the highest mobilization rate would be demonstrated from CHOW fed animals compare to animals that consumed any kinds of fatty acid diet if prolonged exercise is applied. (Korean J Nutr 2007; 40(3): 211~220)
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