관동맥우회로술 후에 심근 SPECT에 나타난 관류의 악화 분석

이원우,이동수,윤석남,김기봉,정준기,이명철,고창순 ( Won Woo Lee,Dong Soo Lee,Seok Nam Yoon,Ki Bong Kim,June Key Chung,Myung Chul Lee,Chang Soon Koh ) 대한핵의학회 1997 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.31 No.1

Though myocardial perfusion was usually expected to improve after coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) surgery, some myocardial segments were aggravated after operation, as we compared perfusion changes on postoperative SPECT with preoperative ones. In this study, we evaluated perfusion changes after operation in rest and stress myocardial SPCET in 44 patients (M:F=25:19, age 57.1 year +- 8.2) who had CABG before and 3 months after operation. We tried to find out possible causes for perfusion aggravation with multivariate logistic regression analysis regarding whether bypass graft was artery or vein and which coronary artery territory was operated. Among 616 myocardial segments which were operated, 89(14.4%) aggravated after operation In the univariate analysis, myocardial segments in the left circumflex arteries(I Cx) aggravated more often(p<0.01) than others and segments having operative angioplasty did less often(p<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealedthat LCx was risk factor for perfusion aggravation [odds ratio=2.54 (95% confidence interval : 1.53-4.22, p<0.01)] However, this was not the case when we analysed in terms of arterial territories. Among 106 coronary rterial territories which were operated. 27(25.5%) aggravated. The territories having aggravated had similar characterstics regarding whether they received arterial or venous grafts. Angioplasty and whether the operated territories were left anterior descending. Right coronary or left circumflex arteries. In conclusion, myocardial segments in the left circumflex artery tended to aggravate more often after bypass surgery than the others. In short-term comparison of perfusion after surgery. We could not find any tendency that arterial or venous fraft was associated with more frequency of the affravation of perfusion after operation.

군산지역에서의 GPS측위정도 해석

이원우,신형일,이대재,LEE Won-Woo,SHIN Hyeong-Il,LEE Dae-Jae 한국수산과학회 1993 한국수산과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

The Global Positioning System(GPS) is a worldwide radio navigation system based on satellite technology. Signal availability and accuracy of GPS are subject to change due to an incomplete constellation and operational test activities. In order to analyze the signal availability and accuracy of GPS, we made an experiment on this system in Kunsan during April 6, 7, 9, 10, 1992. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. It was possible to avail the GPS system almost 24 hours per day, but sometimes it was impossible to obtain the GPS signal 2 or 3 times per day and its total time was at the most an hour. 2. By using satellite almanac, we also could calculate PDOP(HDOP) and forecast signal availability. And the mean positional error was $37.9{\sim}73.6m$ and standard deviation was $37.4{\sim}133.1m$. The positional error almost coincided with PDOP(HDOP). 3. The mean positional error of 3D was less than that of 2D. And the altitude error in 3D was about $56{\sim}74m$ and its standard deviation was about $65{\sim}93m$.

DVD 시스템에 있어서 DOLBY AC-3 디코더의 실시간 구현에 관한 연구

이원우,김승호,장성철,이희수,허재훈,Lee, Won-Woo,Kim, Sung-Ho,Jang, Sung-Chul,Lee, Hee-Soo,Heo, Jae-Hun 한국음향학회 1996 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구에서는 20bit 고정 소숫점 범용 DSP 칩을 이용하여 Dolby AC-3 디코더를 실시간으로 구현하였으며, PC를 이용하여 구현한 AC-3 C-simulator와의 성능비교를 통하여 본 연구의 실시간 디코더가 성능이 뒤지지 않음을 보였다. 또한 향후 DVD 재생기에 있어서 본 연구의 AC-3 디코더가 어떻게 설계되었는지에 대해서도 논하였다. 특히 본 연구에서 제안하는 Dolby AC-3 디코더는 최소한의 지연시간을 갖도록하여 기존의 디코더보다 향상된 성능을 가짐을 보였다. A real-time Dolby AC-3 decoder has been implemented using a 20-bit fixed point general purpose DSP chip. It is shown that AC-3 decoder of this paper has same performance as decoder of C-simulator on PC. And also, it is applied to DVD player. Especially, in this paper, we proved that it has shorter latency time than that of previous AC-3 decoder.

액상법에 의한 Carbon Nanofiber 제조 및 특성 분석

이원우,신채호,박한성,최영민,류병환,Lee, Won-Woo,Shin, Chae-Ho,Park, Han-Sung,Choi, Young-Min,Ryu, Beyong-Hwan 한국재료학회 2008 한국재료학회지 Vol.18 No.10

Nanostructured carbon materials have been found to have applications in fuel cell electrodes, field emitters, electronic devices, sensors and electromagnetic absorbers, etc. Especially, the CNF (carbon nanofiber) can be expected to play an important role in catalyst supporters for fuel cell electrodes and chemical reactions. In this study, we synthesized CNF from a liquid phase carbon source by a solvothermal method. In addition, we studied the parameters for the preparation of CNF by controlling heating and cooling rates, synthesis temperature and time. We characterized the CNF by SEM/TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and EDS. We found that the heating and cooling rate have strong effects on the CNF formation and growth. We were able to prepare the best CNF at the heating rate of $10^{\circ}$/min, at $450^{\circ}$ for 60 minutes, and at the cooling rate of $4^{\circ}$/min. As a result of Raman spectra, we found that the sample showed two characteristic Raman bands at ${\sim}1350cm^{-1}$ (D band) and ${\sim}1600cm^{-1}$ (G band). The G band indicates the original graphite feature, but the D band has been explained as a disorder feature of the carbon structure. The diameter and length of the CNF was about $15{\sim}20nm$, and over $1{\mu}$, respectively.

파밤나방의 미생물적 방제를 위한 병원성 곰팡이 Nomuraea rileyi의 특성 및 병원성 검정

이원우,신태영,고승현,최재방,배성민,우수동,Lee, Won Woo,Shin, Tae Young,Ko, Seung Hyun,Choi, Jae Bang,Bae, Sung Min,Woo, Soo Dong 한국미생물학회 2012 미생물학회지 Vol.48 No.4

To date, chemical control remains the most common way to reduce beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) populations. However, this insect has become more tolerant or resistant to many chemical insecticides and the insect larvae usually hide inside hollow, tube-like leaves of host plant so they were difficult to kill by spraying insecticides. The use of viral and bacterial insecticide to solve these problems has not been successful because of their novel feeding habit. To overcome these problems, in this study, the biological characteristics and virulence of an entomopathogenic fungus isolated from the cadaver of larvae beet armyworm were investigated. Isolated entomopathogenic fungus was identified as Nomeraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson by morphological examinations and genetic identification using sequences of the ITS, ${\beta}$-tubulin gene and EF1-${\alpha}$ regions. This fungus was named as N. rileyi SDSe. Virulence tests against 3rd larvae of beet armyworm were conducted with various conidial suspensions from $1{\times}10^4$ to $10^8$ conidia/ml of N. rileyi SDSe in laboratory conditions. Mortality rate of beet armyworm showed from 20 to 54% and the virulence increased with increasing conidial concentrations. Although N. rileyi SDSe showed low mortality rate against beet armyworm, it is expected that N. rileyi SDSe will be used effectively in the integrated pest management programs against the beet armyworm.

바텀업 기반의 반도체 나노와이어 합성방법 및 응용소자 연구

이원우,양동원,박원일,Lee, Won Woo,Yang, Dong Won,Park, Won Il 한국진공학회 2016 진공 이야기 Vol.3 No.3

Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) refer to one-dimensional semiconductor materials that have a diameter constrained to tens of nanometers or less and an unconstrained length. Over the past few decades, most efforts in the semiconductor NWs have been focused on synthesis, structure and morphology control, and assembly, as appropriate for diverse functional device applications. This paper provides a detailed overview of the recent research activities and major achievements in nanowire research, which especially includes nanowires synthesis, position and direction-controlled assembly or growth. In addition, the fine tuning of structure and morphology, and the related properties and device applications of the NWs are highlighted.

피부형으로 사료되는 결절성 다발동맥염

이원우,황계영,김덕하,조경숙 ( Won Woo Lee,Kae Yong Hwang,Duck Ha Kim,Kyeong Sook Cho ) 대한피부과학회 1991 대한피부과학회지 Vol.29 No.4

A Case of Polyarteritis Nodosa, Possibly of Cutaneous Type Won Woo Lee, M.D., Kae Yong Hwnag, M.D., Duck Ha Kim, M.D., Kyeong Sook Cho, M.D.* Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics*, Maryknoll Hospital Pusan, Korea Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, a distinct clinical entity, is a chronic and benign vascular disease in which cutaneous lesions are predominent with no visceral involvement. We report a case of polyarteritis nodosa, possibly of cutaneous type in a 9-year old boy who on the occasions presented with generalized tender cutaneous or subcutaneous nodules and livedo reticularis. Fever, chilling, and arthralgia were also present. Histopathologic examination of the nodular lesions showed panarteritis of small and medium-sized arteries at the dermal-subcutaneous junction with little evidence of panniculitis. The patient was treated with acetyl salicylate and prednisclone with a good clinical response. (Kor J Dermatol 29(4) : 557-561, 1991)

대규모 MCMT작용기전의 특징 파악을 위한 시각화 방법

이원우(Lee won woo),김형석(Hyung Seok Kim) 한국정보과학회 2018 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.6

지하고속도로 위성측위 음영구간 해소방안 연구

이원우(Won Woo Lee) 한국통신학회 2023 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.6

혁신과 규제

이원우(Won-Woo Lee) 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2016 경제규제와 법 Vol.9 No.2

과학기술의 혁신과 규제는 상호 긴장관계에 있다. 한편으로 신규 기술의 도입을 촉진하여야 한다는 요구와 다른 한편 신규 기술로 인한 위험을 통제하기 위해 신규 기술을 규제하여야 한다는 요구는 충돌한다. 신규 기술의 도입을 규제할 것인지 여부, 어떠한 방식으로 규제할 것인지 등은 하나의 일관된 원칙에 따라 정해질 수 없다. 각 상황에서 문제되는 위험의 중대성이나 발생가능성에 차이가 있고, 갈등의 근저에 놓여있는 이해관계의 구조가 상이하기 때문이다. 따라서 다양한 갈등상황을 몇 가지 기준에 따라 유형화해서 각 유형의 특성에 따라 적용되는 법리를 적절히 조화 내지배합하면 두 가지 충돌되는 요구를 최적화할 수 있을 것이다. 어떠한 유형에서는 신속한 절차를 통해 신규 기술을 원칙적으로 허용하고, 어떠한 유형에서는 안전성 확보에 중점을 두어 신규 기술을 규제할 수도 있을 것이다. 이러한 유형별 접근방식에 따르면 신규 기술의 도입을 촉진하면서도 신규 기술의 도입으로 인한 위험을 최소화할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 접근방식을 실제 제도화하여 혁신과 규제의 갈등관계를 해소하고자 한다면, 가능한 많은 사례를 분석하여 유형화하고 각 유형의 특성과 이에 적합한 규제원리를 수립하여야 한다. 우선, 위험상황의 유형에 따라 4가지 유형(① 위험이 중대하고 발생가능성이 높은 경우, ② 위험이 중대하지만 발생가능성은 낮은 경우, ③ 위험이 미약하고 발생가능성이 큰 경우, ④ 위험도 미약하고 발생가능성도 낮은 경우)으로 구분하고, 이들 위험 상황에 따라 신규 기술도입을 지지하는 원칙과 신규 기술 도입을 통제하는 원칙을 적절히 조화시켜야 할 것이다. 또한 갈등관계의 유형은 갈등의 근저에 놓여있는 이해관계구조에 따라 경쟁사업자들 사이의 갈등 내지 경쟁관계가 문제되는 경우와 그렇지 않는 경우로 나눌 수 있다. 전자의 경우 다시 ① 경쟁사업자들이 생산 또는 제공하는 재화나 용역이 동일한 경우(유형 I : 동일상품 경쟁형)와 ② 경쟁사업자들이 생산 또는 제공하는 재화나 용역이 동일하지는 않 으나 대체재관계에 있는 경우(유형 II : 대체재 경쟁형)로 구분할 수 있다. 후자의 경우는 ③ 새로운 과학기술의 적용이 관계자의 헌법상 기본권이나 법적 권리와 충돌하는 경우(유형 III : 기본권충돌형)와 ④ 새로운 과학기술의 적용이 특정인의 이해를 떠나 사회적 가치 내지 이데올로기 차원의 갈등을 야기하는 경우(유형 IV : 가치갈등형)로 구분할 수 있다. 이들 갈등유형에서 문제되는 이익상황이 상이하기 때문에 신규 기술도입에 대한 적용원칙이나 고려사항이 다르게 될 것이다. 이러한 유형별 고찰을 토대로 하여, 혁신과 규제의 갈등상황을 조정함에 있어서는 비례원칙에 따른 안전과 위험의 개념, 피해구제가능성, 실질적 법치주의를 위한 유연한 법적용, 민주적 참여권 보장 등을 고려하여야 한다. 이에 따르면, 신규 기술의 도입을 허용하는 경우에 안전성 확보와 피해구제의 보장이 전제되어야 하는데, 이때 안전성이란 비례원칙에 따라 그 정도를 평가하여야 하고, 피해구제가능성을 판단함에 있어서는 손해의 종류와 성질, 크기와 발생가능성(위험상황의 유형) 그밖에 위험의 감수를 통해 얻을 수 있는 편익의 종류와 크기 등을 모두 고려하여야 한다. 또한, 규범은 과거의 경험에 기초해서 설계되고 수정⋅보완된다. 그런데 새로운 과학기술은 본질적으로 과거와 다른 상황에서 등장하며 과거 기술과는 다른 문제를 내포하고 있다. 따라서 법제도는 유연하고 개방적인 구조를 취하여야 한다. 만일 입법취지에 비추어 현행 법령상의 기준이나 요건을 신규 기술에 적용하는 것이 부적절한 경우라면 안전성확보를 전제로 임시허가와 같은 제도를 통해 도입이 허용되어야 할 것이다. 새로운 기술의 도입을 어느 정도까지 허용하고 어느 정도의 위험을 통제할 것인지 등의 문제는 위험상황이나 갈등상황에 따라 다르게 판단되어야 하는 것이지만, 본질적으로 사회적 합의를 요구하는 것이므로 이해관계자의 참여를 통해 다원적 의사결정과정이 보장되어야 한다. 어느 정도까지 위험을 감수할 것인지는 종국적으로 정치적 결정의 성격을 갖는다. 정치적 결정을 정당화한다는 면에서나, 의사결정의 결과에 대한 수범자의 수용성을 강화하기 위해서나, 의사결정과정에 이해관계자의 실질적인 참여가 보장되어야 한다. 한편 신규 기술의 안전성과 편익에 대한 평가는 고도의 전문적 능력을 요구하기 때문에 전문가그룹의 역할이 보장되어야 하고, 규제기관의 전문성도 적절히 구비되어야 한다. The conflicts between innovation and regulation of science and technology have been a universal issue in all countries of the world across the ages. They have become more frequent and severer recently, fueled by rapid advancement of science and technology. One might say that the simplest way of resolving these conflicts would be to consider it as a matter of choice. Yet, we cannot take such an extreme argument as a generalized principle when we develop regulation to safely promote science and technology innovation, as the types of this kind of conflicts are very diverse. Rather, a guideline would be needed to determine factors to be considered in deciding types and scopes of regulations for science and technology innovation, and the way of comparing and balancing any competing interests. This would require, first, the categorization of the cases of those conflicts according to the structures and the natures of the interests causing such conflicts, and, second, the examination of factors to be considered and how to consider or balance such factors to resolve the conflicts. The cases of the conflicts between innovation of science and technology and regulation can be broadly divided into three types. The first type is a conflict between conventional businesses and new businesses which use new technology. Most of tensions and conflicts between innovation of science and technology and regulations are included to this type. The second type is a conflict between use of new technology and constitutional rights. Healthcare, big data analysis and IoT-related industries which are conflicted with the privacy right represent this type. What matters in this type is the nature and the contents of related rights and how we should adjust the relations between related multiple public interests and private interests. The third type is a conflict between use of new science and technology and regulations at the level of conflicts of social values or ideologies, which is beyond the conflict of personal interests. The key challenge of the above two types of conflicts is how to adjust the actual rights, as established legal rights are conflicted. However, as the third type of conflicts occurs amid formation of the new value system, how to develop the procedure and the process to reach a new social consensus would matter, instead of adjustment of actual rights. Safety and risks cannot be explained using the binary notation. Guaranteeing safety is a matter of how safe it is, and therefore we must answer to the question, “how safe it should be,” which can be rephrased as “what is the scope of risks allowable.” Here we need judgment based on the principle of proportionality. Health risks or irresponsibility of damages therefrom are commonly provided as the basis to determine how to control risks (the ex-ante regulation system Vs. the ex-post regulation system). We should consider the scope of benefits from taking the risks as well as the type and the nature of damages, the scope of damages and the possibility of damages as important factors. Norms are like frameworks embracing the future, but we cannot predict and define every potential scenario of the future due to our limited recognition. Accordingly, exceptions which lawmakers fail to predict at point of lawmaking must occur, and applying existing laws is not aligned with the purpose of lawmaking or the concept of justice in this case. The system for equity of regulation enables flexibility of regulations in this case. We should also consider the process. This is a matter of democratic governance in the society faced with new technology, and a matter related to distributive justice among generations and classes in terms of distribution of risks. We should decide who will determine this under which procedure. We should allow diverse actors to participate in this process so as to enable the civil society as well as stakeholders of related industries and experts to participate in this