갑상선 결절의 수술 범위 결정시 세침흡인세포검사와 동결절편생검의 유용성

이영돈,조현준,Yeoung Don Lee,M.D. and Hyeoun Jun Cho,M.D. 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2001 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.1 No.1

Purpose: Traditionally the extent of thyroidectomy in patients with nodular thyroid disease has been based on fine needle aspiration cytology and intraoperative frozen section examination. The value of routine frozen section examination for intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer and determination of extent of thyroidectomy is controversial and needs to be evaluated. Methods: We reviewed the fine needle aspiration cytology, frozen section examination, and final pathology of 142 consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy for nodular thyroid mass in an 3-year period. The diagnosis were classified as indeterminant, benign, or malignant. The utility and impact of the diagnosis from fine needle aspiration or frozen section on the operative procedure performed was analyzed. Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) as a diagnostic test for thyroid nodules demonstrated an indeterminant rate of 23.9% (34 patients), with diagnostic accuracy of 93.9% for malignant disease. In frozen section (FS) results, the indeterminant rate was 19.7%, and the diagnostic accuracy 98.3% for malignant disease. Of the 50 patients with the benign results on FNA, 3 patients was diagnosed as malignancy on FS. Of the 34 patients with indeterminant results on FNA, the intraoperative FS diagnosis showed 16 patients of benign, 3 patients of malignancy, and diagnosis on 15 patients was deferred to permanent section; in 15 patients, benign disease was diagnosed in 12 patients, and 3 patients were diagnosed as malignancy. And one of 10 patients with inadequate result on FNA was diagnosed as malignancy on FS. Therefore the decision about the extent of surgical thyroid resection was changed in 7 patients (4.9%) based on the FS results, and including the 16 patients diagnosed as benign on FS with indeterminant results on FNA, overall, in 23 patients (16.2%) the intraoperative surgical decision was affected by FS. Conclusion: The fine needle aspiration cytology and intraoperative frozen section examination showed the limitation on diagnosis of follicular neoplasm, but intraoperative frozen section examination proved useful in determining the extent of operation and affected intraoperative decision making in thyroid surgery. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2001;1:78-83)

쥐 뇌에서의 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase의 분포에 관한 연구

이영돈,주충노,Lee, Young-Don,Joo, Chung-No 생화학분자생물학회 1993 한국생화학회지 Vol.26 No.8

쥐 뇌에서의 aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) 활성분포를 조사하기 위하여 합성된 생체 aldehyde를 비롯한 여러 기질을 사용하여 부위에 따른 활성, 세포내 분포 및 isozyme의 존재 양상을 조사하였다. 뇌의 모든 부위에서 indole-3-acetaldehyde에 대한 총 ALDH활성은 acetaldehyde나 propionaldehyde에 대한 활성보다 높았다. $V_{max}/K_{m}$비를 통하여 기질과의 친화도를 조사한 결과 indole-3-acetaldehyde와 propionaldehyde에 대한 친화도는 뇌의 모든 부위에서 low-$K_m$ ALDH가 $high-K_m$, ALDH보다 훨씬 컸다. 특히 선조체의 ALDH는 다른 부위의 ALDH에 비하여 방향족 aldehyde에 대하여 낮은 $K_m$ 값과 높은 $V_{max}/K_{m}$비를 나타냈으며 3,4-dihydroxyphe-nylacetaldehyde(DOPAL)에 대하여 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이같은 결과는 뇌조직에서 신경전달물질로부터 유래한 방향족 aldehyde는 주로 $low-K_m$ ALDH에 의해 산화되며 이 과정은 특히 선조체에서 dopamine의 산화과정에 크게 관여할 것으로 생각된다. Indole-3-acetaldehyde에 대한 ALDH활성의 세포내 분포의 경우, 미토콘트리아분획의 활성은 시상하부와 해마체에서 다소 높았고 미크로좀분획의 활성은 뇌의 모든 부위에서 가장 낮은 분포를 보였으며 부위에 따라 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 뇌 ALDH는 isoelectric focusing에 의해 두 분획(E1, E2)으로 구성된 $low-K_m$ isozyme과 활성이 미약한 $high-K_m$ isozyme으로 분리되었으나 부위에 따른 분포양상의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. This study was attempted to examine the ALDH activities using several aldehydes including synthetic biogenic aldehydes and the subcellular distribution in seven different areas of rat brain. The total ALDH activity with indole-3-acetaldehyde were higher than acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde in all areas. Taking $V_{max}/K_{m}$ ratio as the index of affinity of substrate to the enzyme, affinities of $low-K_m$, ALDH for indole-3-acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde were stronger than those of $high-K_m$, ALDH. Especially striatum showed the lowest $K_m$ value and the highest $V_{max}/K_{m}$ ratio for aromatic aldehyde and contained the highest activity with biogenic aldehyde such as DOPAL. From these results, it is suggested that brain low $K_m$ ALDH may play an important role in degradation of neurotransmitter-derived aromatic aldehydes, especially dopamine oxidation in the striatum. ALDH activity of mitochondrial fraction was slighltly high in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Microsomal ALDH activity was lowest in all brain areas and a significant regional difference was not found. Although two $low-K_m$, isozymes, composed of cytosolic E1 and mitochondrial E2, and very weak high $K_m$ isozymes were identified by isoelectric focusing, their distribution pattern in various areas was not different.

조피볼락 (Sebastes schlegeli)의 성분화

이영돈,노섬,장영진,백혜자,안철민,LEE Young-Don,RHO Sum,CHANG Young-Jin,BAEK Hae-Ja,AN Cheul-Min 한국수산과학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Sex differentiation in the rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, was studied by using a histological method for the appearance of primordial germ cell, formation of primitive gonad and differentiation of female and male. The primordial germ cells were buried under fibrous mesenchymal tissue between gut and mesonephric duct of pre-larva with a total length (TL) of 6.3 mm at 2 days after parturition. In juvenile of TL $5.2\~5.9cm$ at 65 days after parturition, the gonad composed of a large number of genial cell and formed of cavity along the lateral side of the gonad, differentiated to the ovary. At this time, the gonad formed seminiferous tubules by somatic cells, differentiated to the testis. In juvenile of TL $7.0\~7.2cm$ cm at 115 days after parturition, gonads divided into testis contained pigment cell and ovary absent pigment cell. S. schlegeli differentiated directly into male or female without an intermediate female phase at early indifferentiated stage. Therefore, S. schlegeli belongs to the differentiated type of gonochoristic teleosts. At 350 days after parturition, sex ratio was approximately 1 : 1(p>0.05).

쥐 뇌에서의 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 의 분포에 관한 연구

이영돈,주충노 ( Young Don Lee,Chung No Joo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1993 BMB Reports Vol.26 No.8

This study was attempted to examine the ALDH activities using several aldehydes including synthetic biogenic aldehydes and the subcellular distribution in seven different areas of rat brain. The total ALDH activity with indole-3-acetaldehyde were higher than acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde in all areas. Taking V_(max)/K_m ratio as the index of affinity of substrate to the enzyme, affinities of low-Km ALDH for indole-3-acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde were stronger than those of high-Km ALDH. Especially striatum showed the lowest K_m value and the highest V_(max)/K_m raatio for aromatic aldehyde and contained the highest activity with biogenic aldehyde such as DOPAL. From these results, it is suggested that brain low K_m ALDH may play an important role in degradation of neurotransmitter-derived aromatic aldehydes, especially dopamine oxidation in the striatum. ALDH activity of mitochondrial fraction was slighltly high in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Microsomal ALDH activity was lowest in all brain areas and a significant regional difference was not found. Although two low-K_m isozymes, composed of cytosolic E1 and mitochondrial E2, and very weak high K_m isozymes were identified by isoelectric focusing, their distribution pattern in various areas was not different.

능성어류의 양식산업화를 위해서 (2) - 자바리의 어미관리와 종묘생산 -

이영돈,송영보,Lee, Yeong-Don,Song, Yeong-Bo 한국양식학회 2004 韓國養殖 Vol.16 No.2

감성돔 , Acanthopagrus schlegeli ( Bleeker ) 의 성분화

이영돈,강법세,이정재 ( Young Don Lee,Beob Se Kang,Jung Jae Lee ) 한국어류학회 1994 한국어류학회지 Vol.6 No.2

갑상선 암에 있어서 경부림프절 절제술의 용어 및 분류에 관하여

이영돈,Young-Don Lee,M.D.,Ph.D. 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2012 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.12 No.2

The standard radical neck dissection, introduced at the turn of the 20th century, became the uniformly-accepted treatment of cervical metastatic disease through the 1960s. Functional or modified radical neck dissection was developed in the 1950s and 1960s. This procedure became the accepted treatment for suitable tumors by the 1970s. Now, the concept of selective neck dissection, removal of only the node levels likely to be involved with tumor, gained acceptance by the late 1980s as a definitive elective, and eventually, therapeutic neck dissection for suitable cases. In response to the increasing variations of neck dissection procedures, a number of classification systems were proposed and subsequently established. The system of the American Head and Neck Society and the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery was revised in 2002 and 2008. The neck dissections are grouped into four broad categories: radical, modified radical, selective, and extended neck dissection. The Japan Neck Dissection Study Group presented a new system for the classification of neck dissections based on a system of letters and symbols. The system permits a comprehensive and shorthand method of precise designation of neck dissection procedure, but has the disadvantage of departing radically from previously employed systems, by utilizing an entirely new terminology and designation of lymph node groups. In 2011, an international group proposed a classification which conveys precisely the extent of the lymphatic and non-lymphatic structures removed in a neck dissection. So they contended it is logical, simple, and easy to remember, and prevents possible confusion associated with the ambiguous terminology previously mentioned. And they also maintained it allows the recording of neck dissection procedures that cannot be classified under the existing systems. In 2012, the American Thyroid Association proposed the consensus of lateral neck dissection in DTC. They defined again that a selective neck dissection refers to removal of less than all five nodal levels directed by the patterns of lymphatic drainage from the primary tumor while preserving CN XI, IJV, and SCM. And they also insist that selective neck dissection is the most commonly-used neck dissection in the management of lateral neck metastasis for thyroid cancer, and should be reported with a designation of the side and nodal levels and sublevels dissected (i.e. selective neck dissection of levels IIa, III, IV, and Vb). But most classification systems have some limitations and disadvantages to describe the exact procedures of lymphatic and non-lymphatic structure resection. It is a necessary component of a new systemic classification and nomenclature system for neck dissection, not only because the method of describing operative procedures must be unified to allow comparisons of therapeutic methods, but also because of the need to customize therapies individually. A new neck dissection classification system in thyroid cancer has to overcome all these limitations and will facilitate communication around the world with reliable reporting and comparison of outcomes among different surgeons and institutions. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2012;12: 2-86)

식물생육촉진근권세균(PGPR)의 Siderophores 와 ACCD 생성여부 확인

이영돈(Youngdon Lee ),이찬규(Chankyu Lee),이관호(Gwanho Lee),주진호(Jinho Joo) 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2017 No.5

성인 충수염 환자에서 수술까지의 시간 지연이 충수염 진행에 미치는 영향

이민아(Min A Lee),정민(Min Chung),이영돈(Young Don Lee),이정남(Jung Nam Lee),이운기(Woon Ki Lee),박연호(Yeon Ho Park),박흥규(Heung Gyu Park),김건국(Keon Kuk Kim),최상태(Sang Tae Choi),강진모(Jin Mo Kang),이원석(Won Suk Lee),김현영(Hyun 대한외과학회 2009 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.76 No.6

Purpose: There are many reports that delayed operation of appendicitis in children is safe, but it is controversial whether the same principle can be applicable in adult patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the interval from onset of symptoms to operation and the pathologic degree of appendicitis. Methods: In this retrospective study, 783 adult patients (16 years old or more) diagnosed with appendicitis pathologically between 2004 and 2007 were included. The time from onset of symptoms to hospital arrival (patient interval) and time from hospital arrival to operation (hospital interval) were investigated. Pathologic and gross state of the appendicitis was graded as G1 (suppurative), G2 (gangrenous), G3 (ruptured), G4 (periappendiceal abscess). Results: The median time from symptom onset to operation (total interval) was 35 hours. The percentage of G1, G2, G3, and G4 was 86.3%, 11.4%, 2.4%, and 0% when total interval was <24 hours, 61.3%, 21.3%, 15.8%, and 1.6% when between 24 and 72 hours, and 23.8%, 13.9%, 36.9%, and 25.4% when the interval was over 72 hours. The advanced grade of appendicitis correlated with increased hospital stay (P<0.0001). Conclusion: This study suggests that delayed appendectomy in acute appendicitis in adults is a risk factor for advanced grades, and that the sooner the operation is undertaken, the better the outcome is.

미생물 제제 처리에 따른 음식물쓰레기 퇴비의 온도 및 화학성 변화 확인

이영돈 ( Youngdon Lee ),김성국 ( Sungguk Kim ),유재홍 ( Jaehong Yoo ),주진호 ( Jinho Joo ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.-

음식물쓰레기의 퇴비화의 경우 크게 세 가지 처리방법이 존재한다. 첫째 호기성 미생물을 이용하여 퇴비화 하는 호기성처리, 공기주입 없이 밀폐공간에서 음식물을 장기체류하는 혐기성처리, 지렁이나 오리를 이용하여 처리하는 자연처리가 있다. 혐기성 처리의 경우 분해속도가 느리며 폐수가 다량 발생하며, 자연적 처리의 경우 넓은 부지가 필요하여 대도시 지역에서 적용하기 힘든 단점이 존재한다. 이러한 단점들때문에 주로 호기성 처리방법이 사용되고 있으며, 특히 호기조건에서 미생물 제제를 활용한 분해의 경우 미생물 증식을 촉진시켜 적정온도에 도달하는 시간이 일반 퇴비화과정보다 신속하고, 미생물 증식에 따라 부숙을 비교적 짧은 시간에 완료할 수 있다는 선행 연구결과가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 음식물쓰레기분해 우수균주 미생물제제를 통해 호기적 조건으로 처리 시 무처리구와 처리구의 부숙 시 온도의 변화, T-N, T-C, 유기물의 변화에 대해 조사하였다. 공시시료는 환경부고시 음식물찌꺼기 기준으로 각각 1kg씩 제조하였으며, 미생물 제제는 (주)대호로부터 제공받아 사용하였다. 톱밥은 강원도 춘천시 후평동 백향우드에서 구매하여 사용하였으며, 어분은 생선부산물을 활용한 100% 천연 어분을 사용하였다. 퇴비화 과정은 음식물 1kg + 톱밥 300g + 어분 50g을 혼합한 뒤 200 mL/min으로 산소를 주입하여 호기성 조건을 맞춰 진행하였다. 퇴비화 측정 항목은 T-C, T-N, 유기물함량, 온도 등을 측정하였으며, 온도의 경우 디지털온도계를 통하여 1일 3회 4시간 간격으로 측정하였고, T-N, T-C, 유기물함량의 경우 원소 분석기를 사용하여 분석하였다. 부숙 조건 조성 후 7일간 온도변화를 관찰한 결과, 2일차에서 처리구 최고온도 49℃, 미처리구 최고온도 46℃로 제제 처리구가 미생물 활성으로 더 높은 온도를 나타냈으며, 미처리구보다 더 빠르게 상승하는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. T-C, T-N의 경우 초기 처리구 T-C; 20.71%, T-N; 0.77%에서 3일차 처리구 T-C; 24.22%, T-N; 1.20%으로 부숙과정에서 탄소 및 질소함량이 증가하는 추세를 확인하였으며, 유기물함량에서 35.71%에서 41.75%로 질소 및 탄소 함량 증가와 함께 증가세를 보였다. 최종적으로 처리구와 미처리구와 유의미한 차이는 온도증가에서 확인 할 수 있었으며, 처리구의 온도상승이 더 빠른 점은 처리구의 미생물 증식 촉진의 결과로 사료된다. 또한 처리구의 질소 함량이 1% 이상 검출되어 퇴비 내질소원을 효과적으로 분해한 것으로 판단되며, 미처리구의 경우 1% 이하의 함량을 보였다. 뿐만 아니라 가축분 퇴비와 비교하여 C/N비의 차이가 두드러지지 않는 점으로 보아 음식물쓰레기 퇴비로써의 활용가치가 높을 것으로 판단되어진다.