대구 (Gadus macrocephalus) 수정란 방류 시부착기질과 저질의 영향

이소광 ( So Gwang Lee ),박경대 ( Kyung Dae Park ),곽우석 ( Woo Seok Gwak ) 한국수산과학회 2009 한국수산과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

태평양 대구 Gadus macrocephalus 수정란 특성에 관한 연구

이소광 ( So Gwang Lee ),곽우석 ( Woo Seok Gwak ) 경상대학교 해양산업연구소 2008 해양산업연구소보 Vol.21 No.-

Ontogenetic Development of the Digestive System in Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus Larvae and Juveniles

박수진,이소광,곽우석 한국수산과학회 2015 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.18 No.3

Chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, larvae and juveniles were reared from hatching to 35 days after hatching (DAH), and the development of their digestive systems was histologically investigated. The larvae were initially fed on rotifers and Artemia nauplii starting around 19 DAH, and thereafter on Artemia nauplii, fish eggs, and a formulated feed mixture. The primitive digestive system differentiated at 3 DAH; the digestive tract was distinctively divided into the buccopharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach, air bladder, intestines, and rectum. The gastric gland and pyloric caeca first appeared at 5 and 7 DAH, respectively. The stomach was divided into cardiac, fundic, and pyloric regions in the preflexion phase. The number of gastric glands and pyloric caeca, as well as the volume of the gastric blind sac increased markedly, with development continuing into the juvenile stage. The precocious development of the digestive system during the larval period might be related to the early appearance of piscivory, which is able to support high growth potential. The organogenesis results obtained for this precocial species represent a useful tool to aid our understanding of the physiological requirements of larvae and juveniles to ensure optimal welfare and growth under aquaculture conditions, which will improve current rearing practices of this scombrid species.

Comparative Early Developments in Winter Spawned Three Pre-larval Fishes (Gadus macrocephalus, Liparis tanakae, Hexagrammos agrammus)

신민규,이소광,이정태,곽우석 한국어류학회 2018 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

This study investigated how the larvae of three winter-spawning fishes are adapted in a cold water environment by examining the morphology, digestive system, and swimming ability of larvae from three winter-spawning species (Gadus macrocephalus, Liparis tanakae, Hexagrammos agrammus). Data were collected at hatching and first feeding. The results were compared with repored data on several non-winter-spawning species. Mean total lengths at hatching (±SD) were 4.35±0.11 mm, 5.26±0.08 mm, and 7.48±0.35 mm for G. macrocephalus, L. tanakae, and H. agrammus, respectively. Three winter-spawning fishes had well-developed digestive tracts after hatching than those of non-winter-spawning fish larvae. Yolks were intact until 5 days post-hatching in all three species, indicating that they had longer mixed-feeding periods compared with fishes spawned during other seasons. G. macrocephalus, L. tanakae, and H. agrammus larvae had superior cruise and burst speeds (measures of swimming ability) than non-winter-spawning larvae. We conclude that the unique characteristics of these three winter-spawning species are naturally selected adaptations under lower water temperature in winter.

Preliminary Study of Seed Production of the Micronesian Mud Crab Scylla serrata (Crustacea: Portunidae) in Korea

이순길,이소광,이정미 한국해양과학기술원 2009 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.31 No.3

Seventeen females of the mud crab Scylla serrata, from the State of Kosrae, Micronesia, were transported to the Fisheries Resources Research Institute, Gyeongsangnam-do, in oxygen-filled plastic bags. After acclimatization to a 30℃ holding temperature, nine females were selected for seed production trials. Spawning was hastened using eyestalk ablations; however, this may not be required in commercialscale mud crab seed production. Primary spawning produced an average of 2.4 million hatched larvae, whereas secondary spawning produced 0.4 million. About 10 days elapsed between spawning and hatching and 30 days between hatching and crablet. Mass mortalities up to 90% were observed between stages zoea 1 and zoea 2 in every trial. The highest survival rate from zoea 1 to crablet was estimated at 0.25%. Most commercial shrimp hatcheries in Korea are equipped with almost all necessary facilities and could be converted easily to mud crab hatcheries, able to run three to four times per year using hatchery technologies developed for blue crabs and Chinese mitten crabs. Seventeen females of the mud crab Scylla serrata, from the State of Kosrae, Micronesia, were transported to the Fisheries Resources Research Institute, Gyeongsangnam-do, in oxygen-filled plastic bags. After acclimatization to a 30℃ holding temperature, nine females were selected for seed production trials. Spawning was hastened using eyestalk ablations; however, this may not be required in commercialscale mud crab seed production. Primary spawning produced an average of 2.4 million hatched larvae, whereas secondary spawning produced 0.4 million. About 10 days elapsed between spawning and hatching and 30 days between hatching and crablet. Mass mortalities up to 90% were observed between stages zoea 1 and zoea 2 in every trial. The highest survival rate from zoea 1 to crablet was estimated at 0.25%. Most commercial shrimp hatcheries in Korea are equipped with almost all necessary facilities and could be converted easily to mud crab hatcheries, able to run three to four times per year using hatchery technologies developed for blue crabs and Chinese mitten crabs.

대구, Gadus macrocephalus, 자어의 첫 섭식 시 기아와 늦은 먹이 공급이 성장과 생존에 미치는 영향

신민규,이소광,전해련,주재형,곽우석 한국어류학회 2019 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of starvation on growth, survival and swimming ability of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus larvae. Notochord length, musculature height, body depth, gut height and volume of yolk of reared larvae were measured to determine the growth parameters. A significant difference was observed in all morphometric characteristics before 15 DAH (days after hatching). Body depth and volume of yolk of unfed larvae were significantly smaller than those of fed larvae from 9 DAH (P<0.05). Almost all yolk in fed group was consumed at 11 DAH. Survival and growth of larvae were observed to determine the effect of delayed initial feeding (2 DAH, 3 DAH, 4 DAH, unfed). All larvae in the unfed group died by 15 DAH and the larvae in other experimental groups survived until the end of the experiment to 21 DAH. Survival rate was not significantly different between the 2 DAH group (17.5±4.27%) and the 3 DAH group (20.5±1.5%) at 21 DAH (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in survival rate between the 3 DAH group and the 4 DAH group (11.7±1.52%) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in notochord length among the groups fed from 2 DAH, 3 DAH and 4 DAH at 21 DAH (P>0.05). The swimming ability in fed group gradually increased in both cruising and burst swimming speeds, while those abilities in unfed group gradually decreased after reaching the peak at 6 DAH in both cruise (18.7±6.56 mm/s) and burst swimming speed (43.5±12.65 mm/s). 이번 연구는 대구 (Gadus macrocephalus) 자어의 첫 섭식 시 기아의 영향을 확인하기 위해 실내 사육 실험하여 성장, 생존, 유영 변화를 관찰하였다. 성장변수를 확인하기 위해 척삭장, 근높이, 체고, 장높이, 난황을 계측하였다. 그 결과 모든 항목에서 부화 후 15일 전에 차이가 유의적이었으며, 체고, 난황에서 부화 후 9일부터 유의적 차이가 관찰되었다 (P<0.05). 급이구의 난황은 부화 후 11일 이후에 소비되었다. 늦은 첫 먹이 공급의 영향을 파악하기 위해 다른 먹이 급여 시간 (2일, 3일, 4일, 무급이)에 따른 자어의 생존과 성장을 관찰하였다. 무급이구의 경우 부화 후 15일에 전량 폐사하였으며 나머지 실험구는 실험종료 시까지 생존하였다. 실험이 종료된 부화 후 21일에 2일 급이구 (17.50±4.27%)와 3일 급이구 (20.50±1.50%) 사이에 차이가 유의하지 않았으나 (P>0.05), 3일과 4일 급이구 (11.67±1.52%) 사이에는 유의한 차이가 확인되었다 (P<0.05). 부화 후 21일째 2일, 3일 그리고 4일 급이구에 있어서 척삭장에 유의적 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 유영 능력 변화를 관찰한 결과 급이구는 순항유영속도와 돌진유영속도 모두 점진적으로 증가하였으며, 무급이구는 부화 후 6일에 순항유영속도 (18.7±6.56 mm/s)와 돌진유영속도 (43.5±12.65 mm/s) 모두 최고 속도에 도달한 뒤 점차 감소하였다.

Population genetic structure and genetic variability of the marbled sole Pleuronectes yokohamae on the coast of Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea

이소정,곽우석,이소광 한국통합생물학회 2012 Animal cells and systems Vol.16 No.6

This study uses the mitochondrial DNA control region to identify the genetic diversity and population structure of the marbled soles (Pleuronectes yokohamae) that inhabit Jinhae Bay and Yokji Island in the nearby sea and the adjacent waters of Namhae, Hansan Island, and Jaran Bay. Direct sequencing of the PCR products revealed 379 bp sequences with 83 variable nucleotide sites, defining a total of 91 haplotypes. The haplotype diversity was high,ranging from 0.917 ± 0.031 to 0.983 ± 0.008, and nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.015 ± 0.008 to 0.024 ± 0.012. In addition, 48 haplotypes (52.7%) were unique. Pairwise FST values were very low, with the maximum value occurring between PYH (Hansan Island) and PJI (Jinhae Bay) (FST = 0.011). Therefore, no significant genetic differentiation was evident between any pair of sampling localities.

Alizarin Complexone(ALC)을 이용한 방류어 이석 표지에 관한 연구

김태진 ( Tae Jin Kim ),이소광 ( So Gwang Lee ),곽우석 ( Woo Seok Gwak ) 경상대학교 해양산업연구소 2008 해양산업연구소보 Vol.21 No.-

한국과 일본 계통 참돔(Pagrus major)의 수정란 생산량과 부화율 비교

노충환,최희정,최문정,이소광,유재명 한국발생생물학회 2012 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.31 No.-

해양 어류는 고급 단백질원으로 인류의 식량 공급원으로서 중요성이 나날이 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 관련 선진국에서는 해양 어류의 양식 생산성 향상을 위한 육종 기술 개발에 박차를 가하고 있으며, 개발된 육종 품종(수정란 또는 종묘)을 이용한 상품어 생산은 자국뿐 만 아니라 수출을 통하여 사육환경이 다른 외국에서도 이루어지고 있다(Dunham, 2003). 이 연구는 육종 품종의 국가간 이동·사육에 따른 자손 생산 능력을 검증하기 위한 일환으로 일본에서 도입한 참돔 품종의 자연교배에 의한 수정란 생산량과 부화율을 조사하였다. 일본 참돔 품종(JPN 계통)은 수입한 양식산을 사용하였으며, 한국해양과학기술원에서 자연산 종묘를 채집하여 선발한 품종(KORDI 계통, Noh et al., 2003)을 대조구로 두었다. 해상가두리에 사육 중인 두 친어 품종을 민간 종묘생산장으로 옮겨 각각 별도의 수조(각 15톤 용량)에 수용하면서 두 계절(pre-spawning season, spawning season)에 걸쳐 자연교배에 의한 수정란 생산을 시도하였다. 수정란 생산을 위해 pre-spawning season에는 약 2개월간 가온을 실시하여 생식소 발달 및 자연교배를 유도하였으며, spawning season에는 자연 해수 수온이 14.0℃에 다다른 시점에 육상 수조로 옮겨 자연교배를 유도하였다. 수정란 생산량은 자연교배 기간 중 매일 자정 전후에 수거장치에 수집된 수정란 중 사란을 제외한 양을 매일 기록하였으며, 부화율은 7~10일 간격으로 수집된 수정란을 대상으로 조사하였다. JPN 계통과 KORDI 계통의 수정란 생산 기간은 pre-spawning season에 각각 24일과 31일, spawning season에 각각 51일과 54일이었다. 일간 수정란 생산량은 JPN 계통이 두 계절에서 각각 1,762.5 mL와 1,733.3 mL이었으며, KORDI 계통은 각각 2,725.8 mL와 2,509.3 mL이었다. 암컷 단위체중 당 일간 수정란 생산량은 JPN 계통이 두 계절에 모두 0.9 mL/day, KORDI 계통이 각각 1.7 mL/day와 1.2 mL/day이었다. 생산된 수정란의 부화율은 JPN 계통이 두 계절에서 각각 85.1%와 91.3% 그리고 KORDI 계통이 88.9%와 91.3%로서, 동일 계절에서 두 계통간 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 이상의 결과에서 연중 수온이 우리나라보다 높은 일본에서 도입한 참돔 계통의 수정란 생산력이 낮은 것으로 조사되었으며, 향후 국가간 품종의 이식 또는 도입 시 자손 생산능력에 관한 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

대구 Gadus macrocephalus 이석 표지를 위한 Alizarin Complexone의 최적 농도

김태진 ( Tae Jin Kim ),이소광 ( So Gwang Lee ),곽우석 ( Woo Seok Gwak ) 한국어류학회 2008 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.20 No.4

본 연구는 방류 대상종인 대구의 이석에 ALC 표지 가능여부, 표지 적정농도 및 순간성장률을 비교 분석하여 수산종묘 표지방류 연구에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 전장이 작은 대구 치어(34.1±1.8 mm, mean±SD)의 경우 ALC 농도를 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 mg/L로, 전장이 큰 치어(73.8±1.2 mm, mean±SD)의 경우 ALC 농도 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/L로 각각 5개 실험구를 설정하여 24시간 침적한 후 14일간 사육하면서 관찰하였다. 표지 이석을 UV light 현미경(G필터)으로 관찰한 결과 이석 표면에는 붉은색 계통의 원형띠를 형성하며 ALC가 염색 되었다. 작은 크기 치어는 모든 실험구에서 이석에 ALC가 염색 되었고, 최저 농도인 20 mg/L에서 조사한 10개체 모두 `선명함` 이상으로 판정되었으며, 각각의 실험구에 대한 실험 전후 체중과 성장률의 차이는 유의하지 않았으나 사망률은 농도가 높아지며 높아졌다. 크기가 큰 대구 치어는 10 mg/L 이상의 농도에서 1개체를 제외한 모든 개체에서 염색 정도가 `선명함` 이상으로 판정되었으며, 실험기간 동안 모든 개체가 생존하였다. 대구 방류 효과를 추적하기 위한 이석의 ALC 염색에서는 크기가 큰 치어를 대상으로 10 mg/L의 농도가 적정농도로 추정되었다. Optimum concentration of alizarine complexone (ALC) for staining of otoliths for Pacific cod was determined by examination of stained quality, growth and survival rates. Small juveniles (34.1±1.8 mm TL, mean±SD) were immersed in four different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 mg/L) and large ones (73.8±1.2 mm TL, mean±SD) in five different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/L) of ALC for 24 hrs. The fish were then reared and observed for 14 days. The stained quality of otoliths was evaluated by dividing them into four grades by the presence of fluorescent stains on the otoliths under G-excited UV light. The small juveniles stained with the different ALC concentrations had 100% staining success, and their growth rate and body weight did not differ significantly between treatments. Optimal ALC concentration for the smaller juveniles was 20 mg/L in the present experiment. On the other hand, distinct fluorescent rings were confirmed on otoliths of larger juveniles in the 10 mg/L treatment with high survival rate. These results suggest that ALC staining at concentrations of 10 mg/L with larger juveniles will be helpful for release-recapture experiments for stock enhancement of Pacific cod.