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이동언,Lee, Dong-Eon 한국건축역사학회 1999 건축역사연구 Vol.8 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to apply Stephen C. Pepper's contextualism to architecture: to interpret the former in the light of architectural theory, and ultimately to liberate architecture from the Western 'Idea' and return it to its context. The major concepts of Pepper used in the paper are quality, texture, spread, change, fusion, strand and context. Pepper's contextualism makes us realize that architecture cannot be separated from its context where human beings, history, neighborhood, and nature are all interpenetrating, and create a quality. Contextualism thus teaches us to make an effort to understand the region where we belong, and to create an architectural device that interrelates form and function of an architecture with its space-time environment, or its strand, texture and context.
이동언,이설하,이창진 한국항공우주학회 2014 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.11
하이브리드 덕티드 로켓은 기존 덕티드 로켓과 비슷한 연소과정을 갖지만, 1차 연소에서 고체 추진체가 아닌 하이브리드 로켓 시스템으로 연료과농 연소가스를 생성하며, 이 가스와 덕트를 통해 유입되는 2차 산화제가 재연소하는 과정을 갖는다. 본 연구는 1단계 목표인 하이브리드 로켓 시스템을 이용한 연료과농 연소가스 생성이다. 기존 연구들을 바탕으로 당량비 3 이상, 가스온도 1800K 이하를 목표범위로 설정하였다. 연료 타입, 연료 길이, 연료 내경, 산화제 유량 그리고 산화제 구성비를 변화시키며 당량비에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 결과적으로, HTPB연료와 본 실험 조건으로 당량비 3.56, 가스온도 1600 K 이하를 만족하는 농후연소 가스를 생성하였다. Hybrid ducted rocket is a concept that has similar combustion process as classical ducted rocket, but with a hybrid rocket system as a gas generator. To do this, first goal is to make fuel-rich combustion with hybrid rocket system with target equivalence ratio of 3 or larger and gas temperature of less than 1800 K, which based on formal studies related to fuel-rich gas generator. To make fuel-rich combustion, this study performed tests with different equivalence ratio affecting parameters such as fuel type, fuel length, fuel port diameter, oxidizer mass flow rate and oxidizer type. As a result, with use of HTPB fuel and condition of experimental set-up, equivalence ratio of 3.56 and gas temperature of lower than 1600 K are presented.
이동언,이미진,안재윤,류현욱,박정배,김원영,신상도,황성오 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.17
Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythms, particularly shockable rhythms, are crucial for planning cardiac arrest treatment. There are varying opinions regarding treatment guidelines depending on ECG rhythm types and documentation times within pre-hospital settings or after hospital arrivals. We aimed to determine survival and neurologic outcomes based on ECG rhythm types and documentation times. Methods: This prospective observational study of 64 emergency medical centers was performed using non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry data between October 2015 and June 2017. From among 4,608 adult participants, 4,219 patients with pre-hospital and hospital ECG rhythm data were enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups: those with initial-shockable, converted-shockable, and never-shockable rhythms. Patient characteristics and survival outcomes were compared between groups. Further, termination of resuscitation (TOR) validation was performed for 6 combinations of TOR criteria confirmed in previous studies, including 2 rules developed in the present study. Results: Total survival to discharge after cardiac arrest was 11.7%, and discharge with good neurologic outcomes was 7.9%. Survival to discharge rates and favorable neurologic outcome rates for the initial-shockable group were the highest at 35.3% and 30.2%, respectively. There were no differences in survival to discharge rates and favorable neurologic outcome rates between the converted-shockable (4.2% and 2.0%, respectively) and never-shockable groups (5.7% and 1.9%, respectively). Irrespective of rhythm changes before and after hospital arrival, TOR criteria inclusive of unwitnessed events, no pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation, and asystole in the emergency department best predicted poor neurologic outcomes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.911) with no patients classified as Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2 (specificity = 1.000). Conclusion: Survival outcomes and TOR predictions varied depending on ECG rhythm types and documentation times within pre-hospital filed or emergency department and should, in the future, be considered in treatment algorithms and prognostications of patients with out- of-hospital cardiac arrest.
세계, 사인(Sign) 그리고 건축 - 개념적 건축과 창조적 건축의 구분을 위한 시도 -
이동언,Lee, Dong-Eon 한국건축역사학회 1995 건축역사연구 Vol.4 No.2
The main aim of the paper is to reveal what is the sign in art and architecture and what is difference between technology and art. By keeping in mind the suggestions of Heidegger's four different worlds, we become able to discern or elaborate on four different contexts of signs and modes in which the sign can work. World (1) is not conceptualized by selected relations of some of things' aspects with one another; rather, it is constructed by our sensory impressions. The sign of World (1) simply points to other objects occurring in the situation. World (2) emerges as an ontological term, and signifies, in terms of relations that are now brought systematically forth, the Being of those entities of World (1) which we naively perceive or take for granted. The sign of World (2) signifies a constructed world. World (3) is understood as the 'wherein' or environment of beings whose total activity is proven to be inseparable from their circumstances. The sign of World (3) is to recover the perspicuous silence of World (3). The World (4) is the ontological-existential understanding of worldhood. The sign of World (4) is to reveal the conspicuous silence of World (4). Finally, the paper suggests that art including architecture cannot be the sign of World (1), (2) but the one of World (3).
이동언 대한건축학회 1983 建築 Vol.27 No.5
1 위상기하학적 요소들을 건축공간구조에 조명한 결과,최소단위의 건축공간의 내부란 근접,분리,페합에 의하여 형성되고 이 내부는 질서, 연속관계(통로,축선)에 의해 확장을 되풀이 한다. 2 위상기하학적 요소를 풍수국면에 조명한 결과를 종합해 보면, i) 혈,소명당 두뇌 미사 등에 의한 근접과 분리관계에 의해 내부가 형성되고 사라고 볼수 잇는 두뇌,미사에 의해 외부와 폐쇠적 폐합을 갖고, 소명당에 의해 개방적 폐합을 갖으면서 내부가 마무리 된다. ii) 풍수국면 전면에 되풀이된 개방적 폐합을 보완하기위해 안산, 조산이란 폐쇄적 폐합을 둔 것과 폐쇄와 개방의 적절한 조화를 이룬 혈을 고위계로 둔 공간배열 등은 현대의 Euclid기하학적 의미로선 파악될 수 없는것으로서 간주되며, 이는 선인들의 환경에 대한 초월한 위상기하학적 지각의 결과라 할 수 있다.