인도 문화에 나타난 정(淨)-부정(不淨)의 상징성

이노미(Lee No-Mi) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2009 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.22

인도는 다양한 민족과 언어, 종교, 그리고 문화가 복잡하게 얽혀있는 다민족 국가로 다른 그 어느 곳보다 먼저 문화의 공존이 성공적으로 이루어진 다원성의 국가이다. 기존의 문화가 분화되는 곳에서는 늘 내, 외적인 갈등이 심화되기 마련임에도 불구하고 인도 카스트의 불평등 계층구조는 서로 충돌하지 않은 채 수 천년 동안 상생의 문화구조를 지속하는 불가사의한 양상을 보이고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 Mary Douglas의 ‘순수와 위험(Purity and Danger)’에 나타난 오염론을 중심으로 인도인의 삶과 문화의 기저에 위치한 정(holy)-부정(unholy)의 이원화된 상징체계의 문화유형을 통해 인도 사회분류 체계와 문화공존의 의미를 보다 체계화하여 파악하고자 하였다. 그 결과 정-부정의 상징체계는 사회적 규칙과 경계를 새롭게 재정비하고 강화하기 위한 기본 매커니즘으로 다양성이 혼재된 거대한 대륙 인도를 하나의 통합체제로 강화한 효율적 기제임이 밝혀졌다. 즉 정-부정은 다른 쪽 경계의 지배권을 획득하고자 하는 인지적 분류가 아닌 양극단의 오염에 대한 두려움을 재합일하여 벗어나기 위한 도덕적 질서체제인 것이다. 이로서 정-부정은 갈등과 대립의 반목적 관계가 아닌 조화와 통합의 상생적 공존 관계로 더글라스의 오염론은 사회체제의 구조적 관계 뿐 아니라 문화 상징체계를 이해할 수 있는 새로운 방법론으로 작용하고 있다. As a multiethnic state mingled with various nations, languages, religions, and cultures, India is a pluralistic state where coexistence of cultures is successfully fulfilled earlier than any other countries. Although it is natural to cause worsening home and foreign conflicts in a place where existing cultures are differentiated, the unfair stratification system of caste has mysteriously maintained coexistent culture structure without collisions for many thousands of years. Therefore, this study aimed to examine India's caste and the meaning of cultural coexistence more systematically through culture types of the symbol system with duality of holy-unholy at the base of Indian's life and culture, centered on the pollution and culture theory appeared in Mary Douglas's ‘Purity and Danger’. The findings show that as the basic mechanism to newly reorganize and intensify social regulations and classes, the symbol system of holy-unholy was strongly efficient to incorporate diversity-mixed huge India as a single social system. In other words, the holy-unholy is regarded as the moral order system to re-incorporate fear for pollution of both extremes and get rid of it, not as the cognitive category to acquire the control of the other. In doing so, the holy-unholy is acting as the mutual coexistence relations of harmony and unity, instead of the hostile relations of conflicts and confrontation. Thus, it can be said that Mary Douglas's pollution theory is serving as a new methodology to understand structural relations of the social system as well as the cultural symbol system.

한,중 문화 간 커뮤니케이션 상호 인지평가를 통한 갈등관리 방안 연구: 한,중 대학생의 문화가치유형을 중심으로

이노미 ( No Mi Lee ) 한국커뮤니케이션학회 2014 커뮤니케이션학연구 Vol.22 No.3

This study attempts to analyze factors of conflicts in intercultural communication between Korean and Chinese and explore solutions for conflict management by measuring and evaluating mutual cognitive abilities of Korean and Chinese, particularly focusing on their cultural values in cross-cultural situations. There are problems that cultural conflicts in actual communication between Korea and China are aggravated because communication happens under the assumption that their cultures are similar as two countries are geographically close. Concerning to this,Intercultural communication mutually cognitive evaluation between Korean and Chinese college students were conducted. The result showed that the Western values of individualism were dominant in Korea whereas traditional values of groupism and authoritarianism stayed in China. Moreover, conflict factors of intercultural communication cognitive discord among Korean students were relatively higher than Chinese students which implied that Chinese students understood Korean cultural value orientation more accurately. Korean and Chinese students pointed out conflict factors of intercommunication as “cultural differences”, and preferred cooperation style as a method to ‘resolve conflicts’. The author expects that the present study to promote cognitive ability of communication between Korean and Chinese cultures and to provide basic materials for cross-cultural training.

문화 간 커뮤니케이션에 나타난 갈등 양상: 국내거주 무슬림 유학생을 중심으로

이노미 ( No Mi Lee ) 한국커뮤니케이션학회 2010 커뮤니케이션학연구 Vol.18 No.3

This study is mainly conducted to examine aspects of religious conflicts and conflict strategies in intercultural communication between Koreans and Muslim students in Korea by considering the recent rapid growth of Muslim population in Korea. According to the findings, the aspects of intercultural communication are biased, formal, uncertain, illogical, unilateral, and discriminative due to religious discrimination, prejudice, ignorance, distorted information, advices of conversion, and authoritative attitude. Intercultural communication between Koreans and Muslim Foreign students shows religious conflicts caused by Koreans` inherent mindset and prejudice about Muslim, and Muslim Foreign students in Korea attempt to promote mutual friendship by internalizing and adjusting religious conflicts. This study is meaningful in that is suggest facts that minimize religious cultural conflicts of intercultural communication.

문화 간 비언어적 커뮤니케이션에서의 한국과 아시아 지역 손짓언어의 비교 연구

이노미 ( No Mi Lee ) 한국커뮤니케이션학회 2008 커뮤니케이션학연구 Vol.16 No.2

Hand languagemakes up for intercultural nonverbal communication among those with different language Systems, controls the mutual relationship of emotional expression, and delivers importantmessages inmutual exchanges. In order tominimize discord between different hand languages by region, it is necessary to Perceive and learn the cultural universality andSpecific nature of the hand language communicationSystem. This Study aimed to contribute toSmooth communication in intercultural nonverbal communication by conducting a comparative analysis of the hand languagemovementSystems between Korea and other Asian regions. As a result, Japan and China, which are adjacent to Korea and Taiwan, all of which are in Northeast Asia, have usedSimilar hand languages, whereasmongolia and Nepal have used totally a different hand language from that of Korea due to local isolation. In addition, Korea and other Asian regions had it in common that they developed hand language expressing hierarchy, respect, and humility, which are intrinsic expressions from the distinction of classes because of a local characteristic of collectivism.moreover, they wereSummarized as being lacking in diversity in abstractmotion types owing to an oriental value in Pursuit of refrained behaviorPatterns.

역문화충격의 구조적 요인과 적응과정에서의 비교문화역량 연구

이노미 ( No Mi Lee ) 한국커뮤니케이션학회 2017 커뮤니케이션학연구 Vol.25 No.2

The repeated experience of emigration and immigration over the cultural border improves the Cross Cultural Competence experience while it also produces problems of Reserve Culture Shock because of the psychological changes caused by an unfamiliar culture. It is because the prediction for different cultures is possible when anticipating a culture shock when you go abroad and it is relatively easy to adapt to Cross Cultural Competence. However, in the case of immigration back to your own country, this kind of prediction is never made. It can`t be emphasized enough that the importance of Reserve Culture Shock, an immigrating Korean, becoming an `alien in their own hometown` and having trouble with Reserve Culture Shock when you consider that the number of students and citizens abroad, and diplomats and other overseas professionals is increasing with globalization. Despite the effectiveness of Cross Cultural Competence during the adaptation of Reserve Culture Shock, there isn`t enough research concerning Reserve Culture Shock in Korea. Therefore, this study promotes the practical implications of activating Reserve Culture Shock ability by investigating the level of Cross Cultural Competence during the re-immigration adaptation of Reserve Culture Shock. It is also expected that it will expand the horizon of improved awareness of Reserve Culture Shock, supported by the advances from existing research, and its educational value will be elevated by researching Reserve Culture Shock in an academic paradigm and the correlation with Cross Cultural Competence simultaneously.

국내 유튜브에 나타난 혐한 관련 UCC 동영상의 유형별 특성과 수용자반응 연구

이노미 ( Lee No-mi ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2017 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.61 No.-

The purpose of this study is to grasp the audience response according to types of anti-Korean UCC videos in domestic YouTube. As a result of analyzing the anti-Korean UCCvideos posted on YouTube, it was found that the response of the domestic media and audience in anti-Korean videos is very low and such videos were mainly less than 3 minute long TV news-type creative videos related to society and politics that were posted by cable and internet broadcasting. In addition, the high response in anti-Korean documentaries showed that the desire of domestic audience to obtain information about anti-Korean sentiment was significant. In addition, in the analysis of the types of comments, there was an unexpected that showed more reasonable and logical type and mediating type than emotional responses. This study is significant in that it presented base data for practical strategies to resolve anti-Korean sentiment by finding out the awareness and responses about anti-Korean sentiments of domestic audience.

문화 간 비언어 커뮤니케이션 교육을 위한 중국 손짓언어 인지능력 평가연구

이노미 ( No Mi Lee ) 한국커뮤니케이션학회 2016 커뮤니케이션학연구 Vol.24 No.1

This study aims to produce base data to search the educational methods of Intercultural nonverbal communication by measuring and evaluating Korean college students’ ability to recognize Chinese hand language. In most Intercultural nonverbal communication, only linguistic aspects are emphasized and the importance of nonlinguistic messages that accompany them is disregarded, amplifying the cultural conflict due to nonverbal communication. Especially, hand language has high possibility of misinterpreting the message so it is hard to change cognitive process without systematic training through education course. So the education to develop cognitive ability to recognize hand language is regarded important. Against this backdrop, this study reviewed Korean college students’ ability to recognize Chinese hand language. The study result showed that 72.8% of the research subjects were at a very low Isolation level. In terms of cognitive ability depending on gesture types, the recognition rate of information-providing gesture, multiple hand language, and traditional hand language marked significantly low, and the subjects’ level of Chinese, duration of stay in China, and nonlinguistic learning experience turned out to be main factors in the ability to recognize Chinese hand language. This study is believed to provide base data required for Intercultural nonverbal communication educational methods to improve the cognitive ability to recognize Chinese hand language.

인도 민속미술 `Rangoli`의 도상적 표현과 특성

이노미 ( Lee No-mi ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2013 한국디자인포럼 Vol.41 No.-

This study aims to identify the characteristics of “Rangoli”, a traditional folk art of India, by revealing the iconic expression and symbolic nature of Rangoli through the theoretical foundation of Rangoli. As folk art whereby Indian women make a drawing with white rice powder on the floor in front of a gate or of living room and fill the drawing with powders dyed with colorful pigments, Rangoli is a religious icon to wish peace and blessings on a family. Rangoli, which symbolizes the laws of all things in the universe, is a contemplative icon through which we are able to realize the unity of the self and the universe by enabling us to experience a fundamental existence through the process of spiritual evolution. This is also a sample of religious art that reflects the respect of life in the Hindu ideology. Consequently, as a result of analyzing the iconic characteristics of Rangoli, Rangoli was discovered to imply the religious symbolic nature of the Hindu ideology and at the same time to have spatiotemporal and sexual limitations, the popularity of folk art, and nature-friendly characteristics. Accordingly, as an original study on Rangoli, this discussion will be meaningful in furnishing a theoretical key to Rangoli.

비교문화 연구의 이론과 실제

이노미 ( No Mi Lee ) 성균관대학교 인문학연구원 2005 인문과학 Vol.36 No.-

일본 하이브리드 문화의 원천과 전승 양상

이노미 ( No Mi Lee ) 성균관대학교 인문과학연구소 2012 人文科學 Vol.0 No.49

본 연구는 21세기 디지털 정보사회의 문화적 패러다임으로 상징되고 있는 혼종성의 본의를 통해 일본 하이브리드 문화의 원천양상과 전승형태를 규명하는 것이 주된 목적이다. 하이브리드는 서로 다른 이질적인 것들이 결합하여 새로운 계통을 창조하는 잡종화의 과정으로 ``모방``을 통한 일본의 궁극적 목표가 ``창조``라는 본연의 의미와 부합됨으로써 일본은 하이브리드의 표징으로 인식된다. 일본문화의 잡종성은 인간을 자연과 동일시한 그들의 정체성의 공간인 ``숲``의 잡종강세를 통해 터득한 것으로 생물학에서 발현한 ``하이브리드``의 본질이 자연스럽게 용해되어 있다. 외래문화와 고유문화가 뒤섞여 일본토양에 맞게 창조된 일본의 하이브리드 문화는 기층문화가 소멸된 것이 아닌 그 모든 것들이 중층적으로 공존 하는 특징을 지닌다. 특히 일본 내부에 자발적으로 구축된 혼성화의 결과는 하이브리드 문화의 바탕이 되는 ``와(和)``의 가치관을 통해 일본 근대화 촉발의 배경인 ``화혼한재(和魂漢才)``와 ``화혼양재(和魂洋才)``의 태동에 크게 기여하였다. 일본 하이 브리드 문화의 전개양상은 크게 내부 토착의 ``전통형``과 해외발산의 ``글로벌형``, 해외에 토착화된 ``해외현지화형``의 3가지 유형으로 구분된다. 하이브리드를 통한 일본문화의 발전은 문화들 간의 섞임을 정당화하여 새로운 문화를 창출해내는 문화적 개방성과 다원성, 창의성에 기인함으로써 지식정보사회의 미래국가 창의력의 토대가 되고 있다. 이에 우리들 또한 문화 순종성에서 탈각하여 경계가 해체되어 융합되는 혼종성을 지향하여 나아가야 할 것이다. 하지만 고유의 사상과 가치관이 내포되지 않은 무작위적인 결합의 하이브리드는 지역문화의 고유성과 독자성을 상실하는 위기를 초래할 수 있음을 상기하여야 한다. 이에 본 논의는 문화다원주의를 견지하여 문화다원성과 개방성을 통해 하이브리드 문화 이해에 필요한 단초를 제공하였다는데 유의미한 연구가 될 것이다. The chief purpose of this research is to examine the true meaning of hybridity that is the symbol of the cultural paradigm in the 21st century digital information society and investigate the types of sources in Japanese hybrid culture and the patterns of its transmission. ybrid is the process of hybridity to combine heterogeneous things and create a new system. As it corresponds to the original meaning that Japan`s ultimate goal through ``imitation`` is ``creation``, Japan is recognized as the symbol of hybrid. Japanese hybrid culture created properly for the Japanese soil as foreign and its original culture are well harmonized is characterized by the fact that it doesn`t mean the absence of basic culture but the coexistence of all in multilayered ways. In particular, the result of hybridity established voluntarily in the inside of Japan did contribute greatly to the birth of ``Hwahonhanjae`` and ``Hwahonyangjae`` which are the background of triggering Japanese modernization through the value of ``Wa`` that is the ground of its hybrid culture. As the development of Japanese culture through hybrid justifies the mixture of cultures and contributes to cultural openness, diversity, and creativity to produce new culture, it becomes the ground of creativity to build a future nation in the knowledge information society. Thereupon, we also have to escape from cultural monism but pursue hybridity where boundaries collapse and fuse. However, we should also deem that the hybrid resulted from random combination without our original ideas or values will lead to the risk in which we may lose the originality or uniqueness of local culture. Therefore, this discussion can be seen significant in that it adheres to cultural pluralism and provide essential clues to understand hybrid culture through cultural pluralism and openness.