청년기 정계정맥류 환자에서 수술후 정액검사의 변화

이길호 대한감염학회 1982 감염 Vol.38 No.8

Modulation of Alpha 1 Adrenergic Receptors on Urinary Bladder in Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model

이길호,박희윤,박홍석,이정구 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2012 International Neurourology Journal Vol.16 No.2

Purpose: Whereas many studies have focused on the vesical changes of the α1 adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes in partial outlet obstruction, few studies have addressed the modulation of the α1 AR subtypes after spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, we studied the modulation of the α1 ARs in urinary bladder in a rat SCI model. Methods: Four weeks after a SCI, the whole vesical bodies from eight female Sprague-Dawley rats and from eight controls were harvested. The total RNA was extracted from the samples and was used to prepare cDNA. We developed standard plasmid constructs of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and three α1 ARs (α1a, α1b, and α1d) to convert the cycle threshold (Ct) values from real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) into subtype mRNA concentrations. The detected Ct values of 16 samples from RT-PCR were interpolated into the standard plasmid curves. Results: All serially diluted standard samples showed very good linearity. The mRNA expression of GAPDH was higher in the SCI group, whereas the mRNA expression of all α1 ARs was lower in the SCI group than in the control animals. The α1a, α1b,and α1d mRNA expression in the controls was 81.7%, 3.3%, and 15.1%, respectively, whereas the α1a, α1b, and α1d mRNA expression in the SCI group was 33.5%, 5.2%, and 60.9%, respectively. Conclusions: SCI moderates the α1 AR mRNA subtypes in the urinary bladder. The relatively increased α1d or decreased α1a AR mRNA expression may be a therapeutic candidate for controlling the symptoms of neurogenic bladder after SCI.

A Scalable Audio Coder for High-quality Speech and Audio Services

이길호,이영한,김홍국,김도영,이미숙,Lee, Gil-Ho,Lee, Young-Han,Kim, Hong-Kook,Kim, Do-Young,Lee, Mi-Suk The Korean Society Of Phonetic Sciences And Speech 2007 말소리 Vol.61 No.-

In this paper, we propose a scalable audio coder, which has a variable bandwidth from the narrowband speech bandwidth to the audio bandwidth and also has a bit-rate from 8 to 320 kbits/s, in order to cope with the quality of service(QoS) according to the network load. First of all, the proposed scalable coder splits bandwidth of the input audio into narrowband up to around 4 kHz and above. Next, the narrowband signals are compressed by a speech coding method compatible to an existing standard speech coder such as G.729, and the other signals whose bandwidth is above the narrowband are compressed on the basis of a psychoacoustic model. It is shown from the objective quality tests using the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and the perceptual evaluation of audio quality(PEAQ) that the proposed scalable audio coder provides a comparable quality to the MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) audio coder.

전립선비대증 환자에서 Dutasteride 치료 후 혈 중 Prostate-specific antigen 치의 변화

이길호,김형지,홍주형 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2008 International Neurourology Journal Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: 5α reductase, dutasteride, has widely used to treat enlarged prostate (BPH). By suppressing the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone it decreases serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which is very important screening marker for prostate cancer. We evaluate the early serum PSA changes after dutasteride treatment to Korean BPH patients. Materials and Methods: A total 159 men with a clinical diagnosis of BPH and no evidence of prostate cancer were enrolled. They were treated with dutasteride 0.5mg daily for 12 months. Serum PSA was evaluated at 2, 6, and 12 months after the medication. Result: Dutasteride statistically significantly reduced serum PSA to 0.70±0.52, 0.64±0.35, and 0.59±0.49 from baseline level at 2, 6, and 12 months after the medication, respectively. However, there was no statistical significance among the three groups in serum PSA changes after dutasteride. There were statistically significant correlations between a high pre-treatment serum PSA level and a large reduction of follow-up PSA levels at 2, 6, and 12 months after dutasteride treatment. Conclusions: The reduction of serum PSA is variable in patients to patients at 2, 6, and 12 months after dutasteride treatment. The patient with high initial serum PSA revealed a large reduction of serum PSA level after treatment. The traditional concept that follow-up serum PSA level should be doubled for prostate cancer screening may overestimate real serum PSA level within 12 months in Korean men receiving 5α reductase inhibitors. (J Korean Continence Soc 2008;12:42-47)

Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated From Male Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection

이길호 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.6

Purpose: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent bacterial infections,and fluoroquinolone therapy is a well-known standard regimen for UTI. The prevalence and risk factor analysis of fluoroquinolone resistance in enterococcal UTIs are not well documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from patients with complicated UTI. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 81 E. faecalis strains isolated from 81 male patients at a single teaching hospital over 3 years. The Vitek 2 automatic system was used for antimicrobial susceptibility analysis. Results: Antimicrobial resistance rates were rare for ampicillin/sulbactam, imipenem,and vancomycin in E. faecalis. Forty-six percent of the E. faecalis strains were resistant to levofloxacin, 47% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 58% were resistant to norfloxacin. E. faecalis strains were highly resistant to erythromycin (92%) and ftetracycline (96%). The risk factor analysis revealed that age intervals, the underlying diseases, catheterization, and the number of admissions did not increase the risk of ciprofloxacin resistance, whereas patients with hospital-acquired infection (odds ratio [OR], 18.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.46 to 95.13; p=0.001), patients who were treated in a urological department (OR, 6.15; 95% CI, 1.5 to 25.41; p=0.012), and patients who were transferred from health care centers (OR, 7.393; 95% CI, 1.32 to 41.22;p=0.023) had an increased risk of ciprofloxacin resistance compared with the matched controls. Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin is no longer a recommended therapy for E. faecalis from complicated UTI in men with risk factors. We suggest that ampicillin/sulbactam can be recommended as alternatives for treating ciprofloxacin-resistant E. faecalis strains associated with UTI in Korea.

An Unusual Presentation of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Familial Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome: A Case Report

이길호,안소연,손영배,정선용,정윤석 대한의학회 2013 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.28 No.11

A 21-year-old man with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) displayed short and clubbed fingers and marked eyebrow, which are typical of Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome (HCS). Laboratory findings confirmed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). After conservative care with hydration and insulin supply, metabolic impairment was improved. Examinations of bone and metabolism revealed osteoporosis and craniofacial abnormalities. The mutation (c.6443T>G) of the NOTCH2 gene was found. The patient was diagnosed with HCS and DM. There may be a relationship between HCS and DM, with development of pancreatic symptoms related to the NOTCH2 gene mutation.

유전자증폭을 이용하여 일개 지역보건소에서 여성 성매매자들의 클라미디아 트라코마티스 유병률 조사

이길호,송인호 대한비뇨의학회 2006 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.47 No.1

익명적 화폐 -관점들의 교환과 타자성의 사슬

이길호 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2024 人文科學 Vol.131 No.-

네트워크는 사물이 아니라 관점이다. 즉, 그에 속하는 사물을 이미 변형된 양태로 있게 하는 차이의 형식이다. 이 글은 익명 네트워크라는 타자성의 형식을 통해 기존 관점과 다른 사물의 형상이 역발명되는 지점을 탐색한다. 익명 네트워크는 구성주의적 네트워크-관점과의 차이로 있으며, 그 차이의 정도로서 실재적이다. 명명‧식별 체계에서 빠져나감으로써 재현 대상으로 수렴되기 힘든 한편, 바로 그런 인식의 한계를 유발하도록 존재하는 까닭이다. 비트코인 네트워크는 익명적/구성적 관점 차이의 간극과 교환을 구체화하는 사례다. 외부 시점에서 거래관계로 관찰되더라도 내재적 작동에서는 이를 벗어나는 변형태로 있으며, 거래-교환의 한복판에 다른-교환을 중첩시킨다. 블록체인의 기본구조들은 타자성의 얽힘과 소유의 불확정성을 조건으로 하는 ‘익명-교환(anon-exchange)’이 작동 중임을 보여준다. 등가교환도 비교환도 아닌 그 낯선 양태는 상품관계적 이데올로기에 토대를 두는 교환 담론으로 다 설명되지 않는 지점들을 남기며, 인류학의 주요 관심이 되어온 선물-교환 형식과 부분적 연결을 이룬다. 여기서 선물-교환은 호혜성의 일반원리로 모두 설명되거나 단지 비시장적 교환양식으로 한정된다기보다, 어떤 사건적 조건들 속에서 지금 여기의 교환 상황에 현실적으로 교차하는 개입의 형식이 된다. 이 글은 교환의 비평형적 다중성을 검토하고 확장적으로 재정의함으로써, 블록체인 네트워크를 ‘관점들의 교환’ 및 ‘타자성의 사슬’로 개념화한다. 전통적 화폐도 비화폐도 아닌 ‘익명-화폐(anon-currency)’의 형상을 통해, 이미-변형(ex-change)인 교환으로서 그 영속적 차이화의 흐름이 소유·계약의 기존 재현 상태에 역설적 타자성을 불러오는 경로를 살핀다. A network is not a thing but a perspective; the different associations of the thing make it differ from itself. This study explores the plane on which the anonymous network, as the form of such an immanent alterity, redefines the concept of entity and counter-invents the figure of thing different from those of other networks or perspectives. The anonymous network is real, as is the difference from the constructivist network/perspective; it escapes the objectification of constructive nomination and discernment, while it operates as what should be subtracted to provoke the very limits of representation. The Bitcoin network is an example that embodies such a difference of intensity and exchange of perspectives. Even though it would be observed only as a commodity form from the outside, it exists from the perspective of immanence, as a transformation that defies the transactional relationship, and even as a superposition of both states, viz., an alter-exchange at the core of a transaction. The elementary structures of blockchain prescribe an "anon-exchange," conditioned by the entanglement of keeping-while-giving and the uncertainty of possession. This strange kind of exchange is linked to the form of gift exchange: the multiplicity in disequilibrium that is neither equivalent exchange nor non-exchange. With an attempt to extend the interpretation of gift exchange, the present article proposes a conceptualization of blockchain as a "change-exchange" of perspectives. It examines the pathways in which "anon-currency" as perspectival transformation introduces paradoxical alterity into the representation of ownership and contract.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) 성질을 가진 세균에 의한 요로감염

이길호 대한요로생식기감염학회 2011 Urogenital Tract Infection Vol.6 No.1

Multi-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged in the communities and hospitals. Because β-lactamases are bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze β-lactamring in antibiotics, cephalosporins are not usually effective. Most ESBLs can be divided into three groups: TEM, SHV, and CTX-M. Recently, AmpC β-lactamase is included in this category. The clinical significance of ESBL bacteria is well known. Initially, ESBL bacteria exhibitmulti-drug resistance, such as co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, and fluroquinolone, as well as broad-spectrum cephalosporins. In addition, they can be transmitted to other places andother people. Moreover, inappropriate empirical therapy to urinary tract infection secondary to ESBL bacteria is usually associated with higher mortality. For these reasons, gram-negative pathogens that produce ESBLs remain an important cause oftherapy failure with newly developed cephalosporins, and incur serious complications and have consequences in infection control in the community. Consequently, it is an urgent issue to understand the characteristics of ESBL bacteria to minimize their spread and to treat ESBL associated urinary tract infection. We herein review the clinical significances of ESBL bacteria in urinary tract infection.

신세포암의 예후인자에 대한 연구

이길호 檀國大學校 出版部 1999 論文集 Vol.34 No.3