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李揆河 全北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.24 No.-
The Federal Republic of Germany was established by the founders of the state to reunite freely the whole people of Germany, but it outlasted aleady the term of the Hitler's millenium and lasted twice the term of the First Weimar Republic. There were in this unexpectedly long duration both positive and negative aspects. The negative aspect was the fact that the immediate reunification of the German people by free decision became infeasible, and the positive aspect was the fact that, even though the hope of the West German Republic at the time of its establishment was baffled, the authenticity and energy of West Germany brought about a political miracle. The fact that the government of West Germany has taken 5 years to found itself and that it was achieved in the condition of the divided nation was closely related with the American's German policy directly after its victory over Germany. In other words, it was brought about by the inadequacy of various departments of American government which could not agree with each other, and could not work out a unified single plan to deal with the post-war-German problems. And we could detect aleady that kind of the lack of agreement in Rooservelt's German policy during the time from Casablanca Conference to Yalta Conference; and Roosevelt, far from participating in the treatment of German problems, tried to postpone as far as possible any important decisions owing to his excessive consciousness of the friendly relationship with U.S.S.R. From the viewpoint of the international relation with the anti-Hitler allies, the European Advisory Council (E.A.C.) presided by England could not influence the rapid solution of German problems owing to the different opinions about the authentic right of E.A.C. among England, America, and U.S.S.R. Moreover, America attempted to expand the plan of the United Kingdom and the Conference of these states whose purpose was to strengthen the cooperation of districts and establish a unified rule in the districts occupied by the Armies of the Free States to the remaining three districts, but this attempt met with severe ordeal owing to the France's indifference, the problem of the annexation of Saar district, England's negative attitude, the opposition of England's military government, the propulsion of the unification of Germany, U.S.S.R.'s demand of undue indemnity, and the repulsion of the western free states about it, so that the establishment of the unified German state was delayed and grew difficult. Our next problem is about the foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany whose decentralization are meaningful considering the development of Germany and its relation with the neighboring states. Although some scholars contend that the basic law itself is limited by the foreign force of the occupying states, and the solution of the problem of the new German state by means of the federal state system will fortify the centralized system of the states, we must emphasize the fact that it was based upon both the oppression of the Allied Armies including France and the tradition of the German constitutional government. In other words, we must regard that kind of solution as the return to both the federal tradition of decentralization and the federal system of the Holy Roman Empire which had lasted several hundred years rather than to the tradition of the unified central state which had lasted only seventy years; and regard such solution as the result of both the powerful claim by the traditional independency of the districts of Bayern and Rhein, and their consideration of the peaceful relationship with neighboring states. Lastly, for the matter of the effort of Germany itself and its relationship with occupying nations in the course of the reestablishment of the German state, they changed their policies affirmatively after the Morgenthau plan failed, although they planed to agriculturalize Germany and make its people live poor farm lives. Occupying nations destoryed Hitler's nazism and cooperated actively to establish the free democratic Germany, and so made it possible for German people to develope politically; and through monetary reform saved the German economy out its plight which was due to the lack of commodities, and brought about the rehabilitation of the German economy and changed its controlled economic policy into free economic policy and participated the democratic Germany in the European free state community by involving the three west zones in the rehabilitation program of Europe.