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윤재욱,김인재 한국경영과학회 2006 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.31 No.1
SPI (Software Process Improvement) activities have been considered one of the crucial approaches to achieve high quality, productivity and timely delivery of software products and services. The basic premise of SPI model is that higher maturity levels lead to better performance. In this research, the relationships between SPI results and performance were empirically investigated with Korean software companies. CMM key process areas were categorized into two dimensions, “Process Implementation” and “Quantitative Management”. The relationship between process implementation and performance was significant, but the relationship between quantitative management and performance was insignificant. The control variable, size of OU(Organizational Unit), did not have significant impact on the relationships between SPI activities and OU performance.
The antioxidant icariin protects porcine oocytes from age-related damage in vitro
윤재욱,Lee Seung-Eun,Park Yun-Gwi,Kim Won-Jae,Park Hyo-Jin,Park Chan-Oh,김소희,Oh Seung-Hwan,Lee Do-Geon,Pyeon Da-Bin,김은영,박세필 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4
Objective: If fertilization does not occur within a specific period, the quality of unfertilized oocytes in the oviduct (in vivo aging) or in culture (in vitro aging) will deteriorate over time. Icariin (ICA), found in all species of Epimedium herbs, has strong antioxidant activity, and is thought to exert anti-aging effects in vitro. We asked whether ICA protects oocytes against age-related changes in vitro. Methods: We analyzed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and expression of antioxidant, maternal, and estrogen receptor genes, and along with spindle morphology, and the developmental competence and quality of embryos in the presence and absence of ICA. Results: Treatment with 5 μM ICA (ICA-5) led to a significant reduction in ROS activity, but increased mRNA expression of glutathione and antioxidant genes (superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1], SOD2, peroxiredoxin 5, and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like 2), during aging in vitro. In addition, ICA-5 prevented defects in spindle formation and chromosomal alignment, and increased mRNA expression of cytoplasmic maturation factor genes (bone morphogenetic protein 15, cyclin B1, MOS proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, and growth differentiation factor‐9). It also prevented apoptosis, increased mRNA expression of antiapoptotic genes (BCL2-like 1 and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5), and reduced mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 and activation of caspase-3). Although the maturation and cleavage rates were similar in all groups, the total cell number per blastocyst and the percentage of apoptotic cells at the blastocyst stage were higher and lower, respectively, in the control and ICA-5 groups than in the aging group. Conclusion: ICA protects oocytes against damage during aging in vitro; therefore, it can be used to improve assisted reproductive technologies. Objective: If fertilization does not occur within a specific period, the quality of unfertilized oocytes in the oviduct (<i>in vivo</i> aging) or in culture (<i>in vitro</i> aging) will deteriorate over time. Icariin (ICA), found in all species of <i>Epimedium</i> herbs, has strong antioxidant activity, and is thought to exert anti-aging effects <i>in vitro</i>. We asked whether ICA protects oocytes against age-related changes <i>in vitro</i>.Methods: We analyzed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and expression of antioxidant, maternal, and estrogen receptor genes, and along with spindle morphology, and the developmental competence and quality of embryos in the presence and absence of ICA.Results: Treatment with 5 μM ICA (ICA-5) led to a significant reduction in ROS activity, but increased mRNA expression of glutathione and antioxidant genes (superoxide dismutase 1 [<i>SOD1</i>], <i>SOD2</i>, peroxiredoxin 5, and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like 2), during aging <i>in vitro</i>. In addition, ICA-5 prevented defects in spindle formation and chromosomal alignment, and increased mRNA expression of cytoplasmic maturation factor genes (bone morphogenetic protein 15, cyclin B1, MOS proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, and growth differentiation factor‐9). It also prevented apoptosis, increased mRNA expression of antiapoptotic genes (BCL2-like 1 and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5), and reduced mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 and activation of caspase-3). Although the maturation and cleavage rates were similar in all groups, the total cell number per blastocyst and the percentage of apoptotic cells at the blastocyst stage were higher and lower, respectively, in the control and ICA-5 groups than in the aging group.Conclusion: ICA protects oocytes against damage during aging <i>in vitro</i>; therefore, it can be used to improve assisted reproductive technologies.