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Crack Band Model 기반 손상변수를 이용한 탄소섬유강화 복합재료 적층판의 점진적 파손 거동 예측 및 검증
윤동현,김상덕,김재훈,도영대 한국복합재료학회 2019 Composites research Vol.32 No.5
In this paper, a progressive failure analysis method was developed using the Hashin failure criterion and crack band model. Using the failure criterion, the failure initiation was evaluated. If the failure initiation is occurred, the damage variables at each failure modes (fiber tension & compression, matrix tension & compression) was calculated according to linear softening degradation behavior and the variables are used to derive the damaged stiffness matrix. The damaged stiffness matrix is reflected to damaged material and the progressive failure analysis is continued until the damage variables to be 1 that complete failure of material. A series of processes were performed using FE commercial code ABAQUS with user defined material subroutine (UMAT). To evaluate the proposed progressive failure model, the experimental results of open hole composite laminate tests was compared with numerical result. Using digital image correlation system, the strain behavior also was compared. The proposed numerical results were coincided well with the experimental results. 본 논문에서는 Hashin 파손 기준식과 crack band 모델이 접목된 손상변수를 이용하여 점진적파손해석 방법이 개발되었다. 파손기준식을 이용하여 파손의 개시 유무가 판단된다. 파손이 개시된 경우에는 각 파손모드(섬유 인장/압축, 기지 인장/압축)에서 손상변수가 선형 열화 거동에 따라 계산되고, 손상강성행렬을 계산하는데 사용된다. 손상강성행렬은 손상된 재료에 반영되고, 계산된 손상강성행렬을 이용하여 재료의 완전한 파괴를 의미하는 손상변수가 1인 시점이 되기까지 점진적 파손해석이 계속해서 반복적으로 수행된다. 일련의 과정들은 상용해석프로그램인 ABAQUS에 사용자 정의 부프로그램을 이용하여 수행되었다. 제안된 점진적파손해석 도구의 검증을 위하여, 원공을 가진 복합재료 적층판의 시험 결과와 비교를 수행하였으며, 시험 중 디지털 이미지 상관법을 이용하여 획득한 변형률 거동과 해석을 통해 획득한 변형률 거동을 비교하였다. 제안된 해석결과는 시험 결과와비교하여 유효한 일치를 보였다.
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Effect of chemical amendments on reduction of bioavailable heavy metals and ecotoxicity in soil
윤동현,최원석,홍영규,이영복,김성철 한국응용생명화학회 2019 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.62 No.5
Heavy metal pollution in soil has been concerned because of toxicity in ecosystem and adverse effect on human health. Main objective of this study was to examine reduction of bioavailable heavy metals and consequently, decrease of ecotoxicity to biota when chemical amendments were applied in soil. Three chemical amendments, acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS), lime stone (LS), and steel slag (SS) were applied with varied application ratio (1, 3, 5%) in heavy metal polluted soil and bioavailable fraction of heavy metal was monitored. In addition, ecotoxicity test using earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was conducted for 28 days examining mortality, weight increase, and bioaccumulation of heavy metal in the earthworm. Result showed that AMDS was the most efficient amendment for reducing bioavailable heavy metals in soil while SS showed the least efficiency. Reduction ratio of bioavailable-As, Cd, and Pb was ranged 39.0–92.0% depending on application ratio and heavy metal species for AMDS application. However, only bioavailable-Pb was reduced at the range between 39.1% and 56.5% when SS was applied in soil. In contrast, the lowest concentration of As, Cd, and Pb and ecotoxicity effect in the earthworm was observed in SS treatment indicating that exposure route of heavy metals or particle size of amendments might effect on uptake of heavy metals to the earthworm. Overall, ecotoxicity test in combination with chemical concentration monitoring is a useful tool for evaluating remediation efficiency of heavy metal polluted soil.
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윤동현 한국법학원 2022 저스티스 Vol.- No.193
Recent Supreme Court decision(2014da206983) mainly deals with the issue whether the creditor who has not raised an objection against the allocation during the procedure or filed a lawsuit for demurrer against the allocation can assert his or her right based on unjust enrichment. The majority opinion of the decision confirmed former judgements of the Supreme Court on the issue, establishing that the creditor who has not received due allocation can file a claim based on unjust enrichment against others who received excessive allocation, regardless of whether the creditor has raised an objection against the allocation or not. This article analyses the rationale of the majority and the dissenting opinion of the decision, theories presented by some scholars, and tries to demonstrate the majority opinion of the decision is more persuasive than dissenting opinion. 대상판결은 민사집행법상의 불복수단인 배당표에 대한 이의 절차를 거치지 않은 채권자가 실체법 또는 민사집행법상 규정에 비추어 부당하게 과다한 배당을 받은 제3자를 상대로 민법상 부당이득반환청구권을 행사할 수 있는지를 검토한다. 채권자가 배당금을 과다수령한 제3자를 상대로 부당이득반환청구를 할 수 있는지 여부는 실체법상의 권리관계 실현을 목적으로 하는 민사집행절차가 역으로 실체법상의 권리관계에 영향을 미치는지 여부에 관한 논의로 볼 수 있다. 대상판결의 다수의견은 종전 대법원 판례의 견해를 유지하여 배당표에 대한 이의를 하지 않은 채권자가 부당하게 과다한 배당을 받은 제3자를 상대로 부당이득반환청구를 할 수 있다는 입장을 유지하였다. 이에 반하여 반대의견은 원칙적으로 배당표에 대한 이의절차를 통하지 않고 배당표가 확정되면 이후 부당이득반환청구를 할 수 없다는 견해를 제시하였다. 이에 관해 학설은 크게 부당이득반환청구를 긍정하는 긍정설, 이를 부정하는 부정설 및 일반채권자의 경우 부당이득반환청구를 부정하고 근저당권자의 경우 부당이득반환청구를 긍정하는 절충설이 대립하고 있다. 부당이득반환청구의 요건을 충족하였는지 여부에 관하여 검토해보면, ① 부당하게 과다한 배당을 받은 다른 채권자에게는 위 배당을 수령할 법률상 원인이 있다고 볼 수 없고, ② 배당표가 확정되지 않더라도 채권자에게 정당한 배당액을 수령할 실체법상 권리인 규범적인 배당금지급청구권 인정되며, 특별한 사정이 없는 한 과오배당으로 인하여 채권자의 위 권리가 소멸하였으므로 채권자에게 위 권리의 귀속이 침해되는 손해가 발생하였다. 나아가 부당이득반환청구권의 행사를 명문의 규정 없이 제한하는 것도 부당하다. 결국 대상판결의 다수의견인 긍정설이 타당하다.
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Bone mineral density and specific physical performance in Korean national amateur male boxers
윤동현,송홍선,김광준 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2019 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.31 No.2
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between bone mineral density, the level of anaerobic capacity and muscle strength in Korean national amateur male boxers. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional population-based study where fifty-six Korean national amateur male boxers were enrolled. The participants’ whole-body bone and regional mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry as the main outcome. The anaerobic capacity was assessed using the Upper and lower Wingate test, and muscle strength was assessed using Isokinetic muscle strength and Maximal strength. Results: Of the fifty-six boxer, 37.5% were classified as LWC, 32.1% as MWC, and 30.3% as HWC. Linear regression analyses showed that the severity of bone variable was associated with upper and lower-body anaerobic capacity. Isokinetic muscle strength and Maximal strength were positively associated with bone variables. Conclusions: Within athletes of Korean national amateur male boxers, anaerobic capacity, and muscle strength measurements were positively associated with bone variables. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms underlying this positive association that is, undertaking studies involving effective exercise and nutrition supplements treatments, and developing the study designs to facilitate analysis of this relationship.
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