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『허클베리 핀의 모험』에 나타난 인종문제의 양가성: 바흐찐으로 다시 읽기
유이나 ( In Na Yoo ) 서울대학교 미국학연구소 2013 미국학 Vol.36 No.2
Mark Twain`s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) has a history of having fuled an intense controversy over racial discourse. Some identified the author with his narrator Huck who, despite his personal relationship with the negro slave Jim, revealed a racially prejudiced view of his friend. In addition, the conclusion in which Jim is saved by Huck and his white friend Tom has been standing in the center of the controversy, as some interpreted it as a paradoxical satire of the racial realism of 19th Century America, while others saw it as a minstrel show in which Jim is being degraded as a buffoon. It may be worthwhile to discuss passages of the novel which have led to the controversy surrounding the racial discourse to understand how they can be interpreted by both those who have viewed the novel as racist and anti-slavery. Understanding the racial discourse in Huckleberry Finn could be supported by considering Milkhail Bakhtin`s theory about the relationship between the author and language, between the author and the narrator. Bakhtin argues that the author distances himself from the language and the narrator for the sake of his true intention, which may give a clue to understanding the relationship or distance between Twain and Huckleberry Finn`s language and between Twain and Huck.
유이란,김진후,양원경,김승형,박양춘 대한한방내과학회 2019 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.40 No.3
Objectives: This study aimed to review the clinical research trends in respiratory diseases related to particulate matter (PM) to help design clinical studies on herbal medicine that protects against PM. Methods: We searched three international databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL) to investigate clinical studies on respiratory diseases related to PM and to analyze their study design, respiratory-related disease, inclusion/exclusion criteria, study period, outcome measure, study results, measurement method and range of PM. Results: A total of 18 studies were finally selected, including 13 observational studies and 5 randomized controlled trials. The selected studies showed an increasing trend from 1985 to 2018 and were conducted mostly in North America, followed by Europe and Asia. Subject disease and age were decided in variety by each study objective, although asthma accounted for the majority. For the outcome assessment, pulmonary function test was mostly used for lung function. Quality of life questionnaires and biomarkers in blood and sputum were also used. Conclusion: A well-designed clinical study on herbal medicine that protects against PM is needed, and this study is expected to be used as base data.