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우영란 ( Wuying-lan ) 한국민족운동사학회 2001 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.28 No.-
Japanese imperialism has established an economy bloc in Jiandao from about 1910 to the time of foundation of Manchoukuo. Imports from Port Chungjin was 89 percent of the total imports, while imports from Jilin was only 11 percent. Factors influencing the trade of Jiandao included the yield of agricultural crops, railroad construction, commercial financing, and so on. Customs were a strategic, crucial point to have a direct influence on the trade, and to describe the characteristic of the trade. A distinctive problem among customs-related problems between Chosun and Jiandao was tariff benefits. The Japanese imposed relatively low tariff on goods for export and import except for goods under universal tariff, extended duty-free zone, and gave advantage to the borderers, thus they could have profits with the help of government organizations, military police, pro-Japanese private organizations. They were the manifestation of the characteristic of Japanese trade in Jiandao. They were formed in the process that Japan deprived China which sought to protect its tariff rights against Japanese imperialism of China's custom duties. Japan imperialism has zeroed in on its goal of controlling the trade in Jaindao by customs-benefit. Accordingly, Jaindao economy was immediately fully controlled by the Japanese. Japan relieved Chosun's economic crisis stemmed from rice plundering for its own sake by means of Jiando's economy, in return, the entrepot trade between Jainado as source of produce and Chosun as a transit spot and Japan was established. Chosun rice’s outflow to Japan was proportionate to exports of foxtail millet to Chosun at the time. Trade indices in 1981 show the total sum of exports was 2,03,425 customs volume, the total sum of imports was 3,202,179 customs volume, and that the sum total was 5,235,600--exports amounted to 39 percent of the sum total. Jiandao became a main produce market, shown from the evidence that the sum total of trade of agricultural crops, which were taxed, amounted to 4,556,540 customs volume, or 85 percent of the sum total of the trade. Agriculture, the main industry and core of Jiandao economy, was weaved in Japanese colonial economy system. At the end or 20th century the infrastructure of Jiandao economy led to a sole colonial agri-business. In other words, soybean's field has increased twice from 1923 to 1931. According to a report from a division of Kyungki Commerce and Industry Office in 1928, the total field amounted to 200,000 Jungbo, among which 120,000 Jungbo was for producing soybean and foxtail millet. Produced Soybean was consumed as basic raw materials for Japanese agriculture and industry by way of a monopolistic trading company. Foxtail millet was sent to be consumed to Chosun as basic meals by way of Japanese merchants.
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