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Membranes of Polyurethanes Containing Crystalline Soft Segments: Oxygen Permeability and Morphology
오효진,김완영,정용섭,이윤식,O, Hyo Jin,Kim, Wan Yeong,Jeong, Yong Seop,Lee, Yun Sik Korean Chemical Society 2001 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.22 No.2
In order to look for polymeric materials applicable to the oxygen electrode membranes of biosensors, polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized from poly(butylene succinate) diol (Mn 1150), poly(ethylene glycol) (Mn 200), and 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate). The PUs (Mn 15000-100000) underwent the crystallization and melting transitions in the temperature range of 20-30 $^{\circ}C$ and 90-110 $^{\circ}C$, respectively. The oxygen permeability for the PU membranes prepared by the solution casting method could not be measured since oxygen simply leaked through the membranes with an audible noise. However, when the PUs were blended with carboxylated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC), the permeability could be measured. The oxygen permeability coefficient (Po2) of the PU/CPVC $(96}4)$ membranes (6.4 Barrer) was high enough for the application as the electrode membranes. The Po2 decreased dramatically when the CPVC content increased from 4 to 5 wt%, but decreased very slowly and approached to that of CPVC (~0.26 Barrer) when the CPVC content increased further. The scanning electron micrographs of the membranes revealed that the PU membranes were composed of large crystal grains with many pores, but the size of the PU crystal grains and pores decreased progressively with increasing the CPVC content.
오효진 개신어문학회 2010 개신어문연구 Vol.0 No.32
The purpose of this paper is to show how the Mumyeongssijeon, or the story of a nameless person, which is written by Yi, Gwang Soo(1892~1950), is changed not by the author's own decision but by the political suppression during a period of Japanese rule. The Japanese Government General of Korea forced to eliminate nationalism of Korean through the political censorship to the Korean press. Yi, Gwang Soo wrote the Mumyeongssijeon in 1931, which is one of his works altered by censorship. The original work is based on a true story about Yi, Gap(1877~1917) who had graduated Japanese Military Academy during the Korean Empire and had been Korean military officer. He joined in the independence movement in foreign country after the Korea's loss of the sovereignty, and unfortunately passed away in Russia. This paper shows what is the difference between the original nonfiction story and the altered story. The results are listed below. 1. According to censorship guidelines of Japanese Government General of Korea, most character's name of the story is changed into an Alphabet initial since the real name of nationalist cannot be used in literature. For example, main character's name is A, not the real name Yi, Gap. 2. The story cannot be a touching story since the independence movements of main character A and other parties are described not concretely but abstractly and partly. 3. However, the fictitious part of the story is much longer than the nonfiction since it is easy to create fiction in which the author can write on his own free will without consciousness of censorship. On the other hand, it is very hard to write nonfiction part.