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오유진(Yoojin Oh) 현대미술사학회 2012 현대미술사연구 Vol.0 No.31
This thesis is concerned with political aspects in the works of Jenny Holzer(1950-). She, a representative artist who uses words, has interacted with people through socially critical texts since the late 1970s. Previous studies about her works mostly focus on analyzing the early texts which were written by herself. Thus, her texts which are borrowed from outside and artworks, such as LED sculptures and light projections, which emphasize visual perception effects are neglected in those studies. Consideration of texts and mediums together provides crucial clues for comprehensive understanding of diverse works of Holzer. Therefore, in this thesis I would also examine her borrowed texts and strategies for mediums and exhibition spaces and attempt to figure out a visual realization of the sociopolitical dimensions in her artworks. Holzer adopted words as a medium in her works due to the influence of Conceptual Art which was in a dominant position when she started her career as an artist. Conceptual Art emphasized an artist’s idea and suggested a concept of art as information to get rid of traditional notions of art. During a period when many of her contemporaries participated in activism groups, Holzer was also an member of one of the activism groups and worked on a number of events. She explored the relationship between power and language in non-art contexts. Based on the experiences of collaboration in the group, she has been constantly interested in social problems and interacted actively with people. Holzer’s messages, framed in simple and unadorned language, run the gamut of contemporary concerns, among them AIDS, torture, war, sexual violence against women and abuse of power by authority. Her early works remind us that social ideologies are internalized as individual faiths through language and expose the coercion that is usually hidden in language. Meanwhile, the texts about sexual assaults against women urge us to pay more attention to others who were sacrificed in the war as well as victimized women. Also, the works based on previously classified documents reveal the manipulation of information by the government and deal with contemporary issues. Likewise, Holzer’s texts sharply reflect the absurdities of our society and induce flexible interpretations by excluding the intervention of the author. In her early works, Holzer used strategies borrowed directly from the mass media and amazed people with unexpected phrases on the street. She also reflected urban landscape and reminded people the historical meanings of the exhibition sites through site-specific works. On the other hand, works using light as a medium, such as LED signs and light projections, emphasize the visual aspect of words, so lead to new understandings of the texts. To sum up, Holzer concentrated on conveying messages to a large number of people in her early career, but is becoming more interested in the aesthetic side in her works with time. Her works attempt to underline the socially critical contents through the visual effects, and allow liberal interpretations of themselves. In this regard, her works can be seen to have a unique political dimension. As aforementioned, Holzer’s works are characterized by the combination of various texts and mediums, and her persistent efforts to change our society by art underlie her works in general. This study aims to research the political aspects and common ground in her diverse artworks. Also, this thesis would examine the instances that words are not only used for communication but also used for aesthetic purposes in her works, thus it attempts to find out political dimensions of her artworks in a broad sense.
인수 기업의 제품 및 지리적 시장 다양성이 인수 후 기술혁신성과에 미치는 영향
이종국(Lee, Jongkuk),오유진(Oh, Yoojin) 한국상품학회 2014 商品學硏究 Vol.32 No.1
연구목적: 오늘날의 치열한 경쟁환경에서 기업의 인수는 기술혁신의 성과를 결정하는 중요한 요인이 되고 있다. 특히, 최근의 마케팅 연구는 기업의 시장 경험 또는 지식이 기술 혁신의 성과를 결정하는 중요한 요소가 됨을 보여주고 있다. 하지만, 인수를 통한 기술혁신에 대한 기존 연구들이 주로 해당 기업들의 기술적 특성에 초점을 둔 반면, 시장 특성이 인수 후 기술혁신에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 시장 또는 고객에 대한 지식이 기술혁신의 중요함 원천이 됨을 고려할 때, 본 연구에서는 인수 기업의 시장 다양성이 인수 후 발생하는 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 한다. 연구 설계 및 방법론: 본 연구에서는 바이오, 제약 및 관련 화학 산업 (SIC code 28)을 대상으로 다양한 2차 자료를 활용하여, 제시된 가설들을 검증하였다. 인수 후 기술혁신 성과의 측정을 위해, 특허자료를 사용하였으며, negative binomial 회귀분석 방법을 적용하였다. 분석 및 연구 결과: 분석결과, 인수기업의 시장다양성이 인수 후 기술혁신 성과를 결정하는 중요한 요소가 됨을 보여주고 있다. 구체적으로, 인수기업의 제품 시장 다양성과 기술혁신 성과는 역 U자형 관계를, 즉, 제품 시장 다양성이 매우 낮거나 높은 경우에 비해 중간 수준인 경우에 인수 후 기술 혁신에 가장 높아짐을, 보여주고 있다. 반면, 인수기업의 지리적 시장의 다양성이 높을수록 인수 후 기술 혁신 성과도 지속적으로 증가함을 보여주고 있다. 시사점 및 연구의 한계점: 본 연구는 제품 시장과 지리적 시장을 구분하고, 이 두 시장 각각의 다양성이 인수 후 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 영향을 보여줌으로써, 인수 후 기업성과에 대한 중요한 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 향후 연구방향: 본 연구는 인수 후 기술혁신 성과에 초점을 맞추었지만, 후속 연구를 통해 보다 다양한 종류의 결과변수를 분석할 필요가 있다. 공헌점: 본 연구는 두 가지 종류의 시장 다양성, 즉, 인수 기업의 제품 시장 다양성과 지리적 시장 다양성을 구분하여 이들이 인수기업의 기술 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다는 점에서 차별점을 제시한다. Purpose: In a competitive market environment, corporate acquisitions haves become an important driving factor for successful technology innovations. Recent marketing studies have shown that market experience or knowledge plays a critical role in technological innovations. Nonetheless, most studies concerning technological innovations through acquisitions have focused on the technological aspects of firms. Hence, this study examines the influence of market diversity of the acquiring firm on its technological innovations after acquisitions. Design/methodology/approach: We used secondary data of acquisitions, patents, and financial information of firms in the biotech, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. We applied a negative binomial regression model to analyze the technological performance measured by patent counts. Results/findings: The results indicate that the product market diversity of the acquiring firm has an inverted-U-shaped effect on its post-acquisition technological innovations. In contrast, the geographic market diversity of the acquiring firm exhibits a positive effect on technological innovations through acquisitions. Research implications/limitations: The findings of this study enhance our knowledge regarding the role of market knowledge in pursuing innovations through acquisitions. Further, we reveal the implications of the acquiring firm's characteristics for the innovation performance after acquisitions. Future work/research: Whereas this study focused on the technological innovations resulting from acquisitions, further research needs to examine more diverse outcomes, such as firm profitability or firm value in the market. Originality/value: The study distinguished between product market diversity and geographic market diversity as factors that drive post-acquisition innovations.