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이모티콘 컨텍스트에 의한 감정 커뮤니케이션 연구 -카카오톡 이모티콘을 중심으로-
양혜인 ( Yang Hye In ),이수진 ( Lee Su Jin ),김수정 ( Kim Su Jeung ) 한국기초조형학회 2017 기초조형학연구 Vol.18 No.3
본 연구는 이모티콘 컨텍스트에 의한 감정 커뮤니케이션 특징과 효율성을 연구하고자 하였다. 연구 설계는 카카오톡 카카오프렌즈 캐릭터 이모티콘을 컨텍스트 요소에 의한 시각적 차이를 바탕으로 3가지로 분류하였다. 첫 번째로 캐릭터의 얼굴이 있는 표정형 이모티콘, 두 번째로 캐릭터의 몸짓이 있는 행동형 이모티콘, 마지막으로 캐릭터와 상황이 같이 있는 상황형 이모티콘으로 선정하였다. 감정은 희노애락(喜怒哀樂)과 긍정적, 부정적 감정 총 6가지의 감정을 실험대상으로 선정하였다. 설문조사는 내국인 10-50대 남녀, 총 125명을 대상으로 조사하였으며, 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 상황형 이모티콘은 1)캐릭터 주변의 상황이 묘사되어있다. 2)상황에 의한 구체적 컨텍스트는 풍부한 내러티브를 만든다. 3)구체적 컨텍스트는 구체적 감정을 전달한다. 4)구체적 감정으로 인해 한정적 상황에서 사용가능하다. 5)구체적 감정은 감정의 이해도를 높여 감정이입효과를 준다. 6)감정이입은 공감 효과를 높인다. 7)공감효과로 인해 남녀노소 가장 높은 선호도를 보인다. 따라서 상황형 이모티콘은 공감이라는 긍정적 감정반응을 이끌어 남녀노소 높은 선호도를 보임으로서 감정전달에 가장 효율적이라고 할 수 있다. 반면 행동형 이모티콘의 경우, 1)표정과 행동을 극대화시킨다. 2)단독적 캐릭터는 미미한 컨텍스트를 발생시킨다. 3)미미한 컨텍스트는 감정 이해도를 낮춰 유사 감정을 전달한다. 4)유사 감정으로 인한 범용적 사용이 가능하다. 5)극대화된 캐릭터로 실제 경험 효과를 준다. 6)실제 경험 효과는 실감 효과를 높인다. 7)미미한 컨텍스트로 인한 감정의 낮은 이해도는 낮은 선호도를 보인다. 마지막으로 표정형 이모티콘은 가장 미약한 컨텍스트로 인한 감정 이해도 부족을 이끌어 미미한 선호도를 나타낸다. This study investigates the characteristics of the emotional expressions by emoticon context and its efficiency. The research has been designed by utilizing the emoticons of characters in the KakaoTalk Kakao Friends applications. It is classified into 3 types on the basis of the currently-used visual standard, which are a face-type emoticon with a character`s face, motion-type emoticon with a gesture of the character, and situation-type emoticon with a character and situation. Six emotions, including glad, sad, anger, joyful, positive, and negative emotions, were selected for the experiment. The survey was conducted by using a questionnaire over the various age groups from teenagers to fifties, total 125 Korean people. The results are as follows: The situation-type emoticon 1)describes the situation around the character. 2)A specific context and narrative are generated by the situation. 3)The specific context conveys a specific feeling. 4)It can be used in limited situations due to specific emotions. 5)The concrete context gives an emotional effect and 6)increases emotional empathy. 7)Everyone has the highest preference because of the empathy. Therefore, the situational emoticon is believed to be the most effective in conveying the emotions as it draws the positive emotional response with a highest preference. In the case of the motion-type emoticon, 1)it maximizes a facial expression and motion. 2)A singleton character generates a minimal context. 3)Minor contexts convey similar emotions by lowering the emotional comprehension, 4)leading to the general use. 5)Maximized characters can give a feeling of real experience, 6)enhancing the realism effect. 7)The insufficient understanding of the emotions causes a low preference. Finally, the face-type emoticon shows a slight preference due to the lack of understanding of the emotion caused by the least context.
박현진 ( Hyun-jin Park ),양혜인 ( Hye-in Yang ),최우정 ( Woo-jung Choi ),이영한 ( Young-han Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-
Tree foliage litter chemistry such as the concentrations of lignin (L), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) plays important roles in the litter decomposition and thus carbon (C) dynamics of forest soils. It has been reported that high quality litters with high N and low L concentrations decompose fast as compared to low quality litters. However, such findings are based on the studies with different tree species such as coniferous and deciduous. Therefore, it is unknown if the effects of litter chemistry on the litter decomposition rate still valid within a species. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of litter chemistry on litter decomposition using litters with contrasting chemical properties for two functionally different species (pine and oak). To collect foliage litter samples with contrasting chemistry, trees were grown under different CO2 concentration, air temperature and soil water and nutrient availability for two years. Four treatments with two litter type and two species were laid out in triplicates. Soils treated with litters were incubated for 45 days and CO2 emission was monitored. At the end of incubation, the microbial community structure was determined by the analysis of easter-linked fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Cumulative CO2 emission was higher for oak than pine litters and this collaborates with the higher litter quality of oak than pine litters such as lower L concentrations and higher Ca and Mn concentrations. However, within the species, the cumulative CO2 emission was higher for litters with lower N and higher L concentrations which is contrasting to the current understandings of the effects of litter chemistry on the decomposition. This result suggests that the current litter chemistry theory on litter decomposition are valid only to compare litter decomposition between different species but not for within the same species. Recent studies suggested that lignin is not stable as it is thought and thus more CO2 can be emitted from soils treated with high lignin litters due to the lower substrate use efficiency, the proportion of assimilated substrates which is utilized for growth relative to substrate being mineralized and respiration, of lignin as compared to other components such as cellulose. In addition, lignin decomposition decreases with increasing Nconcentration of litters as high N availability suppresses the activity of ligninolytic enzyme. The total FAMEs, bacteria and fungi were greater for soil amended with pine than oak, and this also contradicts to the current knowledge that soils of deciduous trees have higher microbial population than soils of conifers due to readily decomposability of deciduous litters. However, as indicated by the lower CO2 emission in the pine than that in oak litters amended soils, C derived from pine litters can be utilized more efficiency by microbes to increase biomass. In this context, the higher microbial populations in the deciduous tree soils than in the coniferous tree soils reported in other studies should be ascribed to the greater amount of annual litters inputs. This study highlights that the current litter chemistry theory is useful in understanding the differences in the litter decomposition between different species; however, a novel theory need to be established to understand the differences in litter decomposition within a species.