과요소산 산화 전분에 의한 고구마 β-아밀라제의 수식

安龍根,池義相 한국식품영양학회 1990 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.3 No.2

Sweet potato β-amylase is a tetrameric enzyme consisting of four identical polypeptide chains with a molecular weight of 5.6×10 exp (4), though most of the other β-amylases are monomeric enzymes. But, the relationship between subunit structure and catalytic function of the enzyme is not known. This study was done to know what the function of the subunit structure of the enzyme is. We obtained the monomer from the enzyme by the treatment of SDS, alkali pH buffer and urea. But the monomer had not activity. We tried to prepare the active monomer from the enzyme by the modification with periodate-oxidized soluble starch. In the result, we succeeded in isolating an active monomer as an oxidized soluble starch-conjugated form. The active monomer had 57% of the original activity, 13.2% of the sugar and the molecular weight was estimated to be 6.4×10 exp (4). This results suggest that the tetrameric form of the enzyme is a most stable one and exists in nature, and the subunit structure of the enzyme plays an important role in stabilization but not catalytic function.

발효 인삼주에 관한 연구

안용근,이석건 한국식품영양학회 1996 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.9 No.2

인삼근, 에탄올-물 추출 인삼박, 에탄올 추출 홍삼박을 Saccharomyces cerevisiae로 알코올 발효시켜 술을 만들었다. 당농도 25%에서 인삼박 농도를 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% 넷으로 나누어 발효시킨 결과, 인삼박의 농도가 높을수록 발효속도가 빨랐으나 기호도는 10%에서 가장 높았다. 인삼근, 인삼박, 인삼박 + 인삼근을 조합시킨 결과, 인삼근의 함량이 높을수록 발효가 빨랐다. 그래서 알코올 12도를 나타내는 데 인삼박 10%만으로 발효시킨 것은 27일, 인삼근 10% 만으로 발효시킨 것은 6일이 걸렸다. 한편, 홍삼박으로 발효시킨 것은 15일이 걸렸다. 색, 향취 맛의 기호성은 인삼박 10% 만으로 제조한 술이 가장 우수하였다. 홍삼박은 6.7%를 사용한 것의 기호도가 가장 우수하였다. 기호도가 가장 우수한 인삼박주의 pH는 3.5, 환원당은 80mg/ml, 유기산 2.6, 알코올 12도, 사포닌 함량 28mg/ml였고, 기호도가 가장 우수한 홍삼박주의 pH는 3.4, 화원당은 58mg/ml, 유기산은 2.8, 사포닌은 44mg/ml였다. To develop a ginseng wine, the brewing conditions and sensory evalution of the wine were studied. The ginseng, ginseng marc and red ginseng marc can be made into wine by ethanol fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisae. The results showed that the higher ginseng concentration was, the faster the brewing velocity became. The ginseng marc wine brewed with 10% ginseng marc and 25% sugar was a great favorite. The results from the mixture of ginseng and giseng marc revealed that the more the content of ginseng was, the faster the velocity of brewing became. It took 27 days for wine from 10% ginseng marc to be brewed into 12% ethanol, 10% ginseng took 10 days and red ginseng took 15 days. Among these, a wine from 10% ginseng was superior to others in flavor, color and taste. And the wine from 6.7% red ginseng was favorite. Contents of the favorite wine from ginseng marc were 80mg/ml of reducing sugar, 2.6 of acidity, 12% of ethanol, 28mg/ml of saponin, and it's pH was 3.5. Contents of the favorite wine from red ginsengn marc were 58mg/ml of reducing sugar, 2.8 of acidity, 12% of ethanol, 44mg/ml of saponin, and it's pH was 2.8.

물과 단백질 가수분해 효소에 의한 동결건조 녹용의 추출

안용근 한국식품영양학회 2003 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.16 No.4

동결건조 녹용을 물과 단백질 가수분해 효소로 추출하였다. 동결건조녹용을 물추출하는 경우, 추출효율은 5% 농도로 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 6시간 추출하는 것이 가장 높았다. 추출물을 HPLC 분석한 결과, 물추출액에 존재하던 고분자 단백질은 단백질 가수분해 효소에 의해 저분자화되었다. 저분자화율은 세균 protease를 사용한 경우가 가장 높고 다음 pepsin인데, papain의 효과는 적었다. 생녹용에 단백질 가수분해 효소를 5시간 작용시켜서 얻은 추출액의 추출율은 세균 protease는 33.4% (280nm의 흡광도 13.25), papain은 22.4%(흡광도 10.06), pepsin은 30.2%(흡광도 11.34)였다. 30분 동안 끓인 녹용에 단백질 가수분해 효소를 5시간 작용시킨 용액의 추출율은 세균 protease는 47.6%(흡광도 12.54), papain은 26.4%(흡광도 7.48), pepsin은 45.6%(흡광도 7.23)였다. 단백질함량은 물추출액은 52.1%, 세균 protease 추출액은 37.8%였고, 아미노산 함량은 물추출액은 16.3%, 세균 protease 추출액은 31.9%였다. 회분함량은 물추출액은 8.8%, 세균 protease 추출액은 5.6%였다. 무기물 함량은 물추출액의 경우 Ca 3.6%, P 8.6%, Mg0.01%, Na 1.4%, F 0.02%, 세균 pretense의 경우 Ca 2.5%, P 11.8%, Mg 0.046%, Na 2.1%, F 0.018%였다. The freeze dried young antler was extracted by water and proteases. In case of water extraction, the extraction rate was highest when it was reacted in 5% of concentration for 6 hours at 50$^{\circ}C$. The result of HPLC analysis of extract shows that high molecular peak in water extract was transformed into low molecular polk by proteases. The rate of low molecular peak was highest when bacteria protease was used, and its second highest rate was pepsin, but the effect of papain on it was low, The extraction rate of young antler reacted for 5 hours was 33.4%(absorbance 13.25 at 280nm) of bacteria protease, 22.4%(absorbance 10.06) of papain, and 30.2% (absorbance 11.34) of pepsin. The young antler was boiled for 30min and it was reacted by proteases for 5 hours at 50$^{\circ}C$. The extraction rate of it was 47,6%(absorbance 12,54) of bacteria protease, and 26,4%(absorbance 7,48) of papain, and 45.6%(absorbance 7.23) of pepsin, In protein content, water extract was 52,1%, bacteria protease extract was 37.8%, and in amino acid content, water extract was 16.3%, bacteria protease extract was 31.96%, in ash content, water extract was 8.8%, bacteria protease extract was 5.6% by dry base. In mineral content, water extract contains 3.6% of Ca, 8.6% of P, 0.01% of Mg, 1.4 % of Na, 0.02 % of F, and bacteria protease extract contains 2.5% of Ca, 11.8% of P, 0.046 % of Mg, 2.1 % of Na, 0.018 % of F by dry base.

기업의 존속능력에 대한 감사

안용근 인하대학교 산업경제연구소 1997 경상논집 Vol.11 No.2

On December 1991, 'the concept of continuation of entity as a going concern' in the Statement on Auditing Standards No. 59(hereafter SAS No.59) published in U.S.A. was introduced to the Korean Auditing Standards. The American Institute of CPA's auditing standard board(ASB) issued SAS No.59 to better serve financial statement users by requring auditors to evaluate going concern in all audits and to include an explanatory paragraph in the audit report when substantial doubt exists about any entity's ability to stay in business. SAS No. 59 replaces SAS No. 34. This new SAS increases the auditor's responsibility and clarifies what cannot be expected of auditors. Auditing is a behavior that decides and gives opinion about whether it is ap-propriate to the consented standards. Therefore simply memorizing institutional aspects do not good to auditing practice. This paper focuses on the evolution process of auditing shown in SAS No. 34 and SAS No. 59 to broaden understanding of auditors and people who work in the field of auditing.

한국의 개고기 음식에 대한 고찰

안용근 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.4

한국의 1998년도 개사육두수는 1,846,411마리, 개사육 가구 수는 819,112가구로 한집당 2.3마리이다. 그러나 식용견 사육업자가 기르는 개의 수까지 합산되어 나타난 결과이므로 식용견은 1,027,299마리로 볼 수 있다. 1998년도 한국의 개수출양은 28마리, 수입양은 296마리였다. 중국심양의 심양홍산 식품유한공사에서는 연간 30만마리의 개를 사용하여 도축하며, 그중 20%를 수출한다고 한다. 한국에서의 개고기 요리는 오랜 역사를 가진 독특한 음식문화이다. 조선시대에는 개고기를 개장국, 수육, 순대, 구이, 개찜, 느름이, 개소주, 술, 당과 등 다양한 방법으로 요리하여 먹었다. 현재는 보신탕, 수육, 전골, 무침, 두루치기, 개소주로 요리하고 있으며, 옛날보다 요리 방법이 줄었다. 그 원인은 외국의 간섭과 비난에도 원인이 있다. 그러나 한국의 개고기 음식을 다른 나라 사람이 비난하는 것은 부당하고, 월권적인 일이다. 한국에는 식용견이 별도로 있기 때문이다. In the year of 1998, the heads of dog raised in Korea were 1,846,411, and the number of the households raising dogs is 819,112 which means that the heads of pet dog and edible dos were 819,112 and 1,027,299, respectively, because each house raised about one pet dog and one edible dog breeder raised hundreds of dog. In 1998, the number of exported dogs came to 28 heads, and that of imported dogs was 296 heads. But edible dog that was slaughtered or processed has not been reported to be exported or imported. It is known that at the Shenyang Xingshan Food Ltd in Shenyang, Chinese, 300,000 heads of dogs were raised, slaughtered and processed of dog meat per year, and 20% of them were exported. In Korea, the cook of dog meat is a special food culture with a long history. During the Chosun dynasty, dog meat had been eaten to be cooked diversely such as Gaejangkuk(a soup), Suyuk(a boiled meat), Sundae(a sausage), Kui(a roasted meat), Gaezim(a steamed meat), Nurumi(a meat roasted or fried, to which lot of spice paste are added), Gaesoju(an extract), Musulju(a wine), Musuldang(a sweet cane), Now, it is cooked as Bosintang(a soup), Suyuk(a boiled meat), Jeongol(boiled meat mixed with spices, vegetables and water on the pot), Duruchigi(boiled meat added spice vegatable and slightly roasted), Muchim(boiled meat added by spice and mixed), Gaesoju(an extract), with the number of recipes lessened, compared with those of the old times. The reason is due to the intervention and criticism from foreign countries. But foreigner's blame for the dog meat is absurd and excessive action, because Korea raises exceptional dogs which are edible.

한국산 호박 및 일본산 호박의 당 성분에 관한 연구

안용근 한국식품영양학회 1997 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.10 No.4

한국산 호박과 일본산 호박을 주서로 갈아서 30분간 끓인 다음 착즙, 원심분리하여 당을 분석하였다. 한국산 호박의 수크로오스 함량은 0.41%, 프룩토오스는 0.54%, 글루코오스는 0.61%, 전분은 0.68%를 나타냈다. 일본산 호박은 수크로오스 2.60%, 프룩토오스 2.76%, 글루코오스 1.91% 전분 1.22%를 나타냈다. 다른 소당은 검출되지 않았다. 일본산 호박 전분을 NMR로 분석한 결과 α-1,4-글루코시드 결합만 나타냈으며, 요오드반응의 흡광도는 아밀로오스(DP 117)의 86%를 나타내 아밀로오스만으로 구성된 것으로 나타났다. 카르바졸법으로 펙틴 함량을 분석한 결과 한국산 호박은 6.29%, 일본산 호박은 2.67%를 나타냈다. Sugars in Korean and Japanese pumpkin were studied. The sugars in pumpkin were crushed and extracted by boiling for 30min. Korean pumpkin was found to contain 0.41% of sucrose, 0.54% of fructose, 0.61% of glucose and 0.68% of starch. Japanese pumpkin was found to contain 2.60% of sucrose, 2.76% of fructose, 1.91% of glucose and 1.22% of starch. No other mono- and oligosaccharides were detected in the test of TLC and HPLC. Starch in Japanese pumpkin showed only signal of α-1,4- glucosidic linkage by proton NMR analysis, and showed 86% of absorbance by iodine reaction compared with amylose(DP 117). These results indicated that starch in Japanese pumpkin is composed by only amylose. Pectin contents of Korean and Japanese pumpkin showed 6.29% and 2.67%, respectively, as galacturonic acid by carbazole analysis.

냉면육수용 동치미 제조 : 발효과정 중 화학적 성질의 변화 Changes of Chemical Property during Fermentation

안용근 한국식품영양학회 2001 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

무를 2cm 크기로 자르고, 30%를 사용하여 전분을 1% 가한 것과 가하지 않은 동치미를 담가 4℃에서 30일간 발효시켰다. HPLC 및 TLC 분석결과 전분을 가하지 않은 동치미에는 글루코오스, 프룩토오스, 수크로오스가 있었고, 발효진행에 따라 이들의 함량이 낮아졌다. 전분을 가한 동치미는 아밀라아제의 작용으로 이들 당 외에 말토오스. 말토트리오스, 말토테트라오스가 생성되었다. 전분을 가하지 않은 동치미는 30일 발효후 환원당 361㎍/m1, 아밀라아제 활성 0.012unit/ml, pH 3.82, 산도 3.0을 나타냈다. 전분 1%를 가한 동치미는 환원당 329 ㎍/ml, 아밀라아제 활성 0.04unit/ml. pH 3.8, 산도 3.15를 나타냈다. One percent starch-added Dongchimi, and Dongchimi which 1% starch was not added, each using 30% radish cut in 2cm size were fermented at 4℃ for 30 days. HPLC and TLC analyses showed that the no starch-added Dongchimi had glucose, fructose, sucrose. The starch-added Dongchimi produced, maltose, maitotriose and maltotetraose by the hydrolysis reaction of amalyse. And the sugar contents were reduced in the process of fermentation. No starch-added Dongchimi showed 361 ㎍/ml of reducing sugar, 0.012 unit /ml of amylase activity, 3.82' of pH, 3.0 of acidity. The 1% starch-added Dongchimi showed 329 ㎍/ml of reducing sugar, 0.04 unit/ml of amylase acidity, 3.8 of pH, 3.15 of acidity.

호박술에 관한 연구

안용근,이석건 한국식품영양학회 1996 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.9 No.2

토산 늙은 호박을 삶아 가당하여 효모로 발효시키는 호박술 제조 방법을 개발하였다. 호박농도를 15%로 하고, 설탕을 20%, 25%, 30% 가하여 Saccharomyces cerevisae로 발효시킨 결과 당농도 25%에서 발효시킨 제품이 색, 향취, 맛의 기호도면에서 가장 우수하였다. 호박농도 15%, 당농도 25%에서 18일 동안 발효시킨 제품의 총당은 80mg/ml, 환원당은 70mg/ml, pH는 3.6, 산도는 2.1, 에틸알코올 함량은 12도였다. In order to develop a pumpkin wine, the brewing conditions and sensory evalution of the wine were studied. The pumpkin can be made into wine by ethanol fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisae. When the mash was adjusted 15% pumpkin and 25% sugar and fermented for 15 days, the product was highly evaluted in color, flavor and taste. Contents of the refined pumpkin wine were 80mg/ml of total sugar, 70mg/ml of reducing sugar, 2.1 of acidity and 12% of ethanol, and it's pH was 3.6.

청국장 발효시의 산, 당, 단백질의 변화 및 단백질가수분해효소의 작용

안용근 한국식품영양학회 2010 한국식품영양학회 학술대회논문집(학술심포지움) Vol.2010 No.12

홍삼-동아환 개발

안용근 한국식품영양학회 2010 한국식품영양학회 학술대회논문집(학술심포지움) Vol.2010 No.06