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신진혜 ( Jean Hye Shin ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2015 民族文化硏究 Vol.68 No.-
Local governor (Suryeong) was a governor appointed by the King to rule over a local province. One of the important duties of a local governor was a local ritual called Samdanilmyo (三壇一廟: 社稷壇·廬壇·城隍壇·文廟). Another Mokminseos (guidelines about governing locally) did not describe the local ritual process in detail; however, Jeong Yakyong``s 『Mokminsimseo』described the local ritual in depth in the Yejeonyukjo part of this book. Jeong``s opinion about the local ritual that was organized by the local governor was an extension of governing tactics. Jeong thought the local governor had to organize the local ritual ceremony based on the Confucian ritual system that the main government had established. In Chosun, a county direction of province, there not only existed a Confucian ritual, but also a superstitious ceremony that was organized by laypeople. Jeong thought superstition had to be destroyed. Additionally, Jeong thought the local governor had to strengthen relationships with members in Hyanggyo (鄕校) in order to establish and strengthen the Confucian local ritual process. They were important assistants in organizing the ritual. Therefore, Jeong emphasized the relationship with Hyangim and also the local governor to establish an ordered system between them. Jeong emphasized the local governor, who undertook the local ritual, to compartmentalize public and private matters. Additionally, he prepared sacred things based on own status and economized to match their situation. According to this, the local ritual system that Jeong formulated was a kind of governing tactic. By organizing the local ritual, the local governor could establish order between the local governor and local influential people. According to 『Mokminsimseo』 , we can define Jeong``s caution regarding local ritual and how Jeong``s ritual theory practices were applied to reality. In other words, 『Mokminsimseo』「yejeon」was an example of Jeong…s national ritual theory that could be adopted in actuality.
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정약용의 종묘 사시(四時) · 납향(臘享) 고증과 그 의미
신진혜(Shin, Jean-hye) 한국역사연구회 2015 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.97
Jeong Yak-yong’s Chunchu Gojing(春秋考徵) is a personal review of dynastic ritual protocols made from a perspective of an individual. This is a study that is renowned for its employment of Qing-based verification methods and also for its restructuring of the contents of classical text Chunchu (which were listed in chronological order) into a Five-Category structure(五禮) featured in another classical text, Ju’rye. Through this book, Jeong Yak-yong carefully examined the procedures designed for dynastic shrine memorials that had been observed during the ancient Chinese Ha(夏), Eun(殷) and Ju(周) periods. Behind his such efforts was a determination to express his opinions regarding the Joseon shrine operations and the co-called Five Major Honoring(五享大祭). This aspect of Chunchu Gojing, and Jeong’s discussions inserted in the ‘Shi’hyang(時享, regular honoring)’ chapter inside the 「Gil’rye(吉禮, rituals for auspicious occasions)」 section, have been somewhat neglected by previous studies. Based upon the achievements of previous studies, attempted in this article is the determination of the meaning of the Five Major Honorings(春·夏·秋·冬·臘日) held at the Joseon dynastic shrine, and also linking the results of such determination to an observation of the reality of the Joseon society in the second half of the 18<SUP>th</SUP> century. Jeong Yak-yong was quite interested in the former, and the latter was what Jeong was forced to live in. So, the connection between the former and the latter, as well as Jeong Yak-yong’s view and his role, are primarily what this article set out to examine. Jeong determined, through analyzing references found in ancient texts, that seasonal merits of items prepared for services are most visible in Jung’weol(仲月) so it would be best to hold seasonal honoring inside the shrine at that time. In the latter half of the Joseon period, all kinds of services and memorials were being observed, so fixing dates for them (so that they would not overlap with each other) and securing sufficient theoretical bases from past manuals for such fixation, was very important to say the least. He also suggested that the presentation practice(臘享), which was turning into a somewhat controversial matter because of the problems that were being generated by the practice of presenting meat(臘肉), be ‘discontinued,’ and the Five Major Honoring be replaced by a new “Four” Major Honoring system(四享大祭). We can see his suggestions were never purely theoretical. He was making such suggestions based upon what he saw and heard, and also upon what he learned from present situations as well as past experiences.
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