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초음파를 이용하여 제조된 Poly ( 2-ethylhexylacrylate ) 의 흡유능력
신연순(Yeon Soon Shin),차혜영(Hye Young Cha),박상순(Sang Soon Park),우제완(Je Wan Woo),최중소(Joong So Choi) 한국공업화학회 2002 공업화학 Vol.13 No.4
출발물질로서 2-ethylhexylacrylate, 가교성단량체로서 ethyleneglycoldimetha-crylate, 개시제로서 benzoylperoxide 및 현탁제로서 geltine을 이용한 현탁중합을 통하여 poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate)를 얻었고 또한 20 ℃에서 이들 중합체들의 흡유능력을 측정하였다. Poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate)의 흡유 능력은 초음파의 조사시간과 조사강도에 크게 의존함을 알 수 있었고, 최적의 제조조건은 초음파 조사시간 10 min, 조사강도 675 W이었고, 흡유능력은 등유, 중유, 원유의 순이었다. 또한 대부분의 기름은 60 min 이내에 포화흡유능력을 보였다. For the formation of poly(2-ethylhexy1-acrylate) polymer, the suspension polymerization was used with ultrasonic sonication. In the preparation of poly(2-ethylhexy1-acrylate) polymer, 2-ethylhexylacrylate as the starting material; ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker; benzoylperoxide as the initiator; and gelatine were used. The oil-absorption capacity of the prepared poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) polymer was measured at 20 ℃. It was shown that the oil-absorption capacity of poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) polymer depended on the property of ultrasonic waves; the optimum sonication time and intensity of ultrasonic waves were 10 min and 675 W, respectively. The oil-absorption capacit, in the increasing order, was kerosene, bunker fuel oil B, bunker fuel oil A and crude oil. The oil-absorption capacity of these oils was saturated within 60 min at 20 ℃.
신연순 ( Yeon Soon Shin ),한상훈 ( Sang Hoon Han ) 한국감성과학회 2013 감성과학 Vol.16 No.3
그동안 학습과 기억이 과거의 경험에 의해 구성된다는 측면이 강조되어왔으나, 최근의 연구들은 이들 인지과정이 미래의 보상물을 최대화하는 목표를 달성하기 위해 이루어짐을 조명하였다. 본 개관 논문은 이와 관련된 연구를 소개하고 목표지향적 학습과 기억에 대하여 논의하고자 한다. 먼저 강화 학습에서 내적 모형 기반 학습, 즉 상위 차원의 목표를 달성하기 위해 즉각적인 보상을 가져오지 않음에도 불구하고 특정한 행동을 취하는 과정이 이루어지고, 또한 직접적 강화를 받지 않은 대상으로의 일반화 및 유추가 일어나 미래의 적응적 행동을 가져옴을 보여준 연구들을 소개한다. 또한 위와 같은 목표지향적 학습 과정의 신경학적 기제를 탐색한 연구들을 개관하고, 선조체의 도파민 신호를 기반으로 한 과정이 기억 과정에 역시 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 논의한다. 특히, 기억이 과거의 경험을 모두 동일한 수준으로 부호화하고 인출하는 과정이 아니라, 상위 수준의 목표에 맞춘 의사결정과정의 결과임을 보여주는 연구들을 소개한다. 이러한 연구들은 미래에 얻게 될 보상 정보가 역향적으로 현재의 인지처리에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 시사한다. Previous research on learning and memory has focused on how they are constructed through past experiences. Recent studies, however, have shed light on that such cognitive processes are in service of higher goals of maximizing future rewards. This review paper aims to introduce and discuss a related line of research. First, this paper introduces researches that show goal-directed model-based reinforcement learning, in which agents choose a behavior that does not necessarily bring immediate rewards but will allow future rewards, based on generalization and analogical extrapolation. It also reviews studies on neural substrates of goal-directed learning, and discusses that cognitive process implicated in striatal dopaminergic signals can also influence memory. Especially, memory is not a merely passive process of storing and retrieving past experiences homogeneously, but rather results of a decision-making process to serve higher goals. The body of research suggests that information on future rewards can have influence on current cognitive processing in a retrospective manner.
부정적 미래 상상과 그에 따른 부정성의 지연중성화 감소
신연순 ( Yeon Soon Shin ),김혜영 ( Hye Young Kim ),한상훈 ( Sang Hoon Han ) 한국감성과학회 2013 감성과학 Vol.16 No.3
Procrastination is an irrational choice to delay high-priority work in order to avoid its unpleasantness, despite the fact that the negativity will not cease if the work still remains undone. We hypothesized that (1) people underestimate the future negativity (i.e., delay neutralization) and (2) in order to complete work in a timely manner, one should project oneself into the future so as to recognize that the negativity associated with an activity does not diminish over time. Especially, negative future thinking that is unrelated to the consequence was hypothesized to reduce delay neutralization of negativity. In the present study, undergraduate students made a series of choices between delayed-but-longer and immediate-but-shorter assignment by employing an inter-temporal choice paradigm. We tracked how positive and negative episodic future thinking influenced the degree to which negativity is neutralized over time (Experiment 1). Following this, we confined the experimental condition to negative thinking about the future (Experiment 2). Participants neutralized negativity involved in assignment as a function of time, suggesting that procrastination arises from the delay neutralization of the negativity. Critically, such neutralization was significantly reduced when participants imagined a negative future event, but this did not occur when they imagined a positive future event (Experiment 1), or when participants did not think about the future (Experiment 1, 2). Our findings suggest that, prior to making a decision between work and indulgence, imagining negative future events can be an effective way to reduce the neutralization of delayed negativity and, in turn, procrastination.
자기 광개폐기용 아크릴계 고흡수성 고분자 제조 및 특성에 관한 연구
신연순,천승환,박상순,최중소 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.40 No.5
고흡수성 고분자를 용액중합법으로 합성하기 위해 단량체로서 acrylic acid, acrylamide, sodium allysulfonate, 개시제로서 potassium persulfate, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylenediamine. 가교제로서 N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide를 사용하였다. 반응 분위기를 pH 5-9의 범위에서 각각의 poly(acrylamide-sodiumallysulfonate), poly(AM-SAS)를 합성하여 각각의 흡수율을 측정한 결과 pH 7에서 최적인 것으로 나타났다. 반응조건 pH 7에서 제조된 poly(acrylamide-sodiumallysulfonate-acrylicacid), poly(AMSAS-AA)는 물의 온도가 25℃에서 75℃의 범위에서 각각의 흡수율을 측정한 결과 온도 증가는 흡수율의 변화에 직접적인 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 광개폐기를 제조하기 위해 poly(AM-SAS-AA)에 MnZn ferrite를 함량을 달리하여 용액에 분산시켜 제조하였으며, 그에 따른 흡수율을 측정한 결과 MnZn ferrite의 함량이 커질수록 흡수율은 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ferrite의 함량이 증가할수록 착자 크기는 커졌으며, 광개폐기에서의 탈수크기도 커지는 것으로 나타났다. Superabsorbent polymers were composed of acrylic acid, acrylamide, sodium allysulfonate and sodium acrylate as a starting materials, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylenediamine and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linker, potassium persulfate as a initiator. The solution polymerization on the formation of superabsorbent polymers were prepared in pH range 5 to 7. It can be seen that the water absorption capacities of poly(acrylamide-sodiumallysulfonate), poly(AM-SAS) depends on the pH. The maximum water absorption capacity of poly(AM-SAS-AA) shown at the condition of pH 7. The prepared poly(acry-lamide-sodiumallysulfonate-acrylicacid), poly(AM-SAS-AA) were used to measure the absorption capacity at the temperature range 25℃ to 75℃. The water absorption capacities increased with the increase of water temperature independent. The synthesized magnetic beam gate which were prepared MnZn ferrite was dispersed by weighing based on the optimal reaction condition of poly(AM-SAS-AA). The water absorption capacities decreased with the increase of MnZn ferrite contents.