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근대 초 러시아에서 국가와 교회 : 수도원 프리카즈를 중심으로
신동혁 한국러시아문학회 2017 러시아어문학 연구논집 Vol.58 No.-
Во воторой половине XVII - первой четверти XVIII века государственно -церковные отношения являются ядром для понимания российской политической истории и политической культуры. В частности, в это время государственно-церковные отношения характеризуютя скорее острым конфликтом, чем конкуренцией или сотрудничеством. Эта ситуация была тесно связана с развитием абсолютизма в России. В настоящей работе, проведен анализ отношений между государством и церковью через систему Монастырского приказа во воторой половине XVII - первой четверти XVIII века. Монастырский приказ, основанный царем Алексеем в 1649 году, был специальным центральным государственным управленческим органом для подчинения церкви государству. Но деятельность Приказа столкнулась с упорным сопротивлением со стороны Церкви. В 1677 году после смерти царя Алексея Приказ немедленно был упразднён под руководством Патриарха Иоакима. Спустя 23 года в 1701 году Приказ был возрожден Петром первым, который имел больше полномочий. Приказ под прямым контролем царя взял на себя роль распорядителя и контролирующего органа над землями церквей и монастырей. По сути Петр захватил церковь через Приказ. Исторически сложилось, что Приказ был три раза учрежден и три раза упразднён. В большинстве случаев, когда власть царя была сильна, Приказ без особых проблем исполнял свои функции, когда же власть царя ослабевала, Приказ либо испытывал трудности, либо упразднялся. Это означает, что Приказ является барометром государственно-церковных отношений во воторой половине XVII - первой четверти XVIII века. В результате проведенного исследования можно сделать заключение, что государственно-церковные отношения демонстрируют силу церковной власти в исследуемый период. Очевидно, что государственно-церковные отношения являлись важным фактором в задержке развития российского абсолютизма в рассматриваемый период и позже.
녹용(Cervi pantotrichum cornu) 추출물이 인간 정자 운동성에 미치는 영향
신동혁,김지영,이창훈,정창진,조용선,최동희,고정재,윤태기 韓國受精卵移植學會 2002 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.17 No.3
본 연구에서는 한방의학에서 가장 중요한 약재중의 하나인 녹용을 정자의 처리에 있어 녹용약침액 상태로 배양액에 첨가 후 정자에 미치는 영향을 운동성 측면에서 비교해 보았다. 정상정액군에서는 Ham's F-10 배양액에 0.3% BSA가 첨가된 배양액과 Ham's F-10 배양액에 0.3% BSA와 녹용약 침액이 같이 첨가된 배양액에서 24시간 배양한 정자의 운동성이 높았으며, 48시간동안 배양 후의 운동성은 BSh와 녹용약침액이 같이 들어간 경우에서 다른 This study was conducted to determine the effect of extract of Cervi pantotrichum cornu on human sperm motility, Four different types of media were prepared such as plain Ham's F-10 medium(control medium), control medium containing 0.3% bovine serum albumin(BSA)(medium A), control medium containing the extract of Cervi pantotrichum cornu aqua-acupuncture medium(medium B) and medium B containing 0.3% BSA(medium C). Human semen were washed and divided into 4 fractions and sperm were cultured in those medium for up to 72 hours at 37 in a humidified atmosphere of 5% in air. A total twenty eight semen samples including 14 normozoospermia and 14 asthenospermia were used for this study. In normozoospermia group, motility of control medium and medium A, B and C were 4.1%, 1.3%, 64.5%, and 77.1%, respectively after 24 hours of incubation, and were 0.0%, 0.0%. 8.8% and 44.9%, respectively after 48 hours of incubation. In asthenospermia group, motility of control medium and medium A, B and C were 2.0%, 2.2%, 58.3% and 85.1%, respectively after 24 hours of incubation, and decreased to 0.0%, 0.2%, 5.8% and 29.6%, respectively after 48 hours of incubation. In both groups, highest sperm motility was observed in medium C group when compared with other media. Furthermore motile sperm were found in medium C after 72 hours of incubation while no motile sperm was observed in the other media. Therefore it could be concluded that the extract of Cervi pantotrichum rornu affects on the human sperm motility.
Stalin’s Foreign Policy and Russian Orthodox Church in the 1940–50s
신동혁 국민대학교 유라시아연구소 2014 Eurasian Review Vol.6 No.-
This paper explores the Russian Orthodox Church’s role as an instrument of Stalin’s foreign policy, which was the most important background of Stalin religious policy. In particular, it considers the relation between the Russian Orthodox Church and his foreign policy in the 1940’s–50’s period as well as the essence(or long term durability) of his religious policy in the formation process of the Cold war structure. First, the paper studied the meeting between Joseph Stalin and Orthodox Church leaders, the Patriarch election of 1943 in War, and Russian Orthodox Church’s role as an instrument of Stalin’s foreign policy was confirmed in Local Religious Council in 1945. Second, it analyzed the relation between Stalin’s foreign policy and the Russian Orthodox Church in the preparation of the World Orthodox Council which came away unfinished in 1948, and the 500th anniversary council of the Russian Orthodox Church’s independence. At that time, the Soviet leaders evaluated that the unification of the Eastern European Orthodox churches under the leadership of the Moscow Patriarchy was successful. However, in Western Europe and Near East, as a tool of Stalin’ foreign policy, Russian Orthodox Church’s usefulness was limited, since Stalin’s plans fell through in Greece and Turkey. Therefore, from the end of 1940 to the beginning of 1950, although the Eastern European Orthodox block remained, the external activities of the Moscow Patriarchy markedly diminished. In July, 1948, the 500th anniversary event of Russian Orthodox Church’s independence which was held in Moscow, was the last international event led by the Moscow Patriarchy. Afterward, until Stalin dies and after Stalin's death as well, the Moscow Patriarchy carried out a role of only formal protocol function in the Soviet foreign policy.
신동혁,이낙영 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 2004 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.31 No.1
This paper deals with the optimal strategies of maintenance system on the Rolling Stock to establish a perfect inspection system, nip a trouble occurrence in the bud during an operation, and maximize the efficiency of the system.