Bronte 의 Wuthering Heights 의 문체적 연구

송병학 한국현대언어학회 1988 언어연구 Vol.5 No.1

Biological and Genetic Properties of SA14-14-2, a Live-Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine That Is Currently Available for Humans

송병학,윤길남,김진경,윤상임,이영민 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.4

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus,is a major cause of acute encephalitis, a disease of significance for global public health. In the absence of antiviral therapy to treat JEV infection, vaccination is the most effective method of preventing the disease. In JE-endemic areas, the most widely used vaccine to date is SA14-14-2, a live-attenuated virus derived from its virulent parent SA14. In this study, we describe the biological properties of SA14-14-2, both in vitro and in vivo, and report the genetic characteristics of its genomic RNA. In BHK-21 (hamster kidney) cells, SA14-14-2 displayed a slight delay in plaque formation and growth kinetics when compared to a virulent JEV strain, CNU/LP2, with no decrease in maximum virus production. The delay in viral growth was also observed in two other cell lines, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) and C6/36 (mosquito larva), which are potentially relevant to JEV pathogenesis and transmission. In 3-week-old ICR mice, SA14-14-2 did not cause any symptoms or death after either intracerebral or peripheral inoculation with a maximum dose of up to 1.5×103 plaqueforming units (PFU) per mouse. The SA14-14-2 genome consisted of 10977 nucleotides, one nucleotide longer than all the previously reported genomes of SA14-14-2, SA14 and two other SA14-derived attenuated viruses. This difference was due to an insertion of one G nucleotide at position 10701 in the 3 noncoding region. Also, we noted a significant number of nucleotide and/or amino acid substitutions throughout the genome of SA14-14-2, except for the prM protein-coding region, that differed from SA14 and/or the other two attenuated viruses. Our results, together with others’, provide a foundation not only for the study of JEV virulence but also for the development of new and improved vaccines for JEV.

이인칭 대명사의 의미 분석

송병학 충남대학교 어학연구소 1982 언어 Vol.3 No.-

From a mo phological point of view, {taŋsin_1}, the second person pronoun, can be discriminated from {taŋsin_2}, the third person pronoun, {cˇagi_1}, the second person pronoun, from {cˇagi_2}, the reflexive pronoun, and {tæk_2}, the noun which means 'family', and from {tæk_1}, the noun which means 'wife' or 'Mrs.', but, as for the degree of intimacy, no discrimination can be made between cˇagi and taŋsin, for each of them can be used to designate no less intimate a relation than any in the contex of the siuation if they are applied to friends, lovers, and husband and wife, respectively. However, we know that there necessarily arises an attitudinal change of the speaker toward the addressee whenever he switches from one second person pronoun to another : thus the switch from n?? to cˇane, from taŋsin to apa or imjareveals a suppressed intimacy of him with the addessee while the pronominal choice of n? instead of sæægi or emi by her mother-in-law for her daughter-in-law shows her increased feeling of intimacy toward her. Consequently, we have to analyze the meaning of the second person pronoun in Korean from a sociolinguistic point of view, based on a speaker's attitudes toward the addressee or the other participants or the things in the situation of the conversation.

한국어의 수동태

송병학 한국언어학회 1979 언어 Vol.4 No.2

대명사의 분석 : 한·영 양국어 중심 With Some Comparisons between English and Korean

송병학 충남대학교 어학연구소 1981 언어 Vol.2 No.-

John Hinds (1975 : 137) pointed out that, contrary to the cases in English, in Korean (as well as in Japanese, and Thai), pronominalization contributes to making an expression more informative than when it is not used. And I want to argue that in Korean a proper use of the zero-pronoun gives as much information as in the other cases when there are pronouns used. Although it is not so often that we come across these expressions with the pronoun deleted even in colloguial English, we hardly fine any zero-pronouns in use except in a few set phrases such as as Φ follows, as Φ regards, as Φ follows, as Φ was said, etc. as Randolph Quirk and others are pointing out (Quirk et al., 1973 : 253, Dwight Bolinger, 1977 : 190), citing such examples as : Been shopping? /Had a good time? / Why get so upset? etc. But in Korean, both in colloquial and literary Korean, zero-pronoun expressions are much more likely to be used in declarative as well as in interrogative sentences whenever the referent, realistic or hypothetical, lies in the contextual situation of a discourse and if only the speaker-hearer has a semantic saliency for it in that utterance situation so that we can use the zero-pronoun in speech quotation if it is a case of citation-quotation (Geoffrey N. Leech. 1977 : 34) : that is, the zeop-pronoun expression is common where the speaker-hearer feel FAMILARITY concerning the referent in the situation of discourse, which makes it equally possible to use the expression even in a citation-quotation. If we have an honorific verb in this kind of zero-pronoun expression, it necessarily follows that the implied pronoun should be an honorific pronoun which tells about the referent the higher social status than the speaker. Consequently, we can say that even in the zero-expression it is as much informative as ever from a socio-linguistic point of view.

Packaging of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replicon RNA by a Stable Cell Line Expressing Its Nucleocapsid Protein

송병학,Jeong-Min Kim,김진경,Han-Saem Jang,Gil-Nam Yun,Eun-Jin Choi,Jae-Young Song,Sang-Im Yun,이영민 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.3

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a member of the Arteriviridae family, is one of the most common and economically important swine pathogens. Although both live-attenuated and killed-inactivated vaccines against the virus have been available for a decade, PRRSV is still a major problem in the swine industry worldwide. To explore the possibility of producing single-round infectious PRRSV replicon particles as a potential vaccine strategy, we have now generated two necessary components: 1) a stable cell line (BHK/Sinrep19/PRRSV-N) that constitutively expresses the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein localized to the cytoplasm and the nucleolus and 2) a PRRSV replicon vector (pBAC/PRRSV/Replicon-ΔN)with a 177-nucleotide deletion, removing the 3′-half portion of ORF7 in the viral genome, from which the self-replicating propagation-defective replicon RNAs were synthesized in vitro by SP6 polymerase run-off transcription. Transfection of this replicon RNA into N protein-expressing BHK-21 cells led to the secretion of infectious particles that packaged the replicon RNA, albeit with a low production efficiency of 0.4×10^2to 1.1×10^2 infectious units/ml; the produced particles had only single-round infectivity with no cell-to-cell spread. This trans-complementation system for PRRSV provides a useful platform for studies to define the packaging signals and motifs present within the viral genome and N protein, respectively, and to develop viral replicon-based antiviral vaccines that will stop the infection and spread of this pathogen.

한데 , 하나 , 하기는 담화불변화사

송병학 한국현대언어학회 1987 언어연구 Vol.4 No.1

한국어의 수동태

송병학 한국언어학회 1979 언어 Vol.4 No.2

血淸 TPA測定에 따른 影響과 精度管理에 關한 硏究

宋炳學 김천대학교 1984 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

This study was performed to determine in the correlation between activity in cancer and the serum concentration of the tumor associated antigens Carcinoembryonic antigen and Tissue polypeptide antigen. The statistical analysis showed that both CEA and TPA, each separately. Both CEA and TPA increased 16.4% of tumor effect. Radioimmunoassay is used to determine TPA in serum, maximum binding was 54%, non specific binding was 6.1% The coefficient of variances in intrassay and interassay were all less than 10%. The assay recovery was 98.8%.

한국어의 도구격

송병학 충남대학교 1976 언어·문학연구 Vol.- No.1