UAS 기반 대형 폐기물 발생량 측정 가능성 모색

손승우,유재진,전형진,임성하,강영은,윤정호,Son, Seung Woo,Yu, Jae Jin,Jeon, Hyung Jin,Lim, Seong Ha,Kang, Young Eun,Yoon, Jeong Ho 대한원격탐사학회 2017 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.33 No.5

재난 등에서 발생하는 대형 폐기물에 대한 효율적인 관리가 지속적으로 요구되고 있다. 대형 폐기물은 환경과 밀접하게 연결되어 대기질이나 수질, 생활 환경 등에 악영향을 미치고 있다. 대형 폐기물이 발생하면 임시적환장으로의 이동이나 처리 등을 위해서 발생량을 추정할 수 있어야 한다. 현재까지 위성영상이나 폐기물의 원단위를 이용하여 발생량을 추정하고 있지만 그 정확성에 대한 의문이 지속적으로 제기되는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 UAS를 기반으로 3차원 공간정보를 구축하고 폐기물 측정 및 정확도 평가를 목적으로 연구를 진행하였다. UAS를 이용하여 폐기물 지역을 측정한 결과, 3차원 공간정보의 X, Y, Z RMSE 수치는 각각 0.022 m, 0.023 m, 0.14 m로 비교적 높은 정확도를 보였다. 이를 기반으로 측정한 폐기물량은 약 $4,273,400m^3$로 도출되었다. 또한 과거부터 지형, 문화재 등 정밀한 측량에 사용된 지상 LiDAR를 이용하여 동일지역의 폐기물량을 측정하였으며 그 결과값은 약 $4,274,188m^3$로 도출되었다. UAS 기반으로 도출한 폐기물량과 크게 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이를 통해 UAS를 이용한 폐기물 발생량 측정에 대한 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으며 이는, 재해 폐기물이나 대형 폐기물 등의 환경관리에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Efficient management of large-size wastes generated from disasters etc. is always in demand. Large-size wastes are closely connected to the environment, producing adverse effects on the air quality, water quality, living environment and so on. When large-size wastes are generated, we must be able to estimate the generated amount in order to transfer them to a temporary trans-shipment site, or to properly treat them. Currently, we estimate the amount of generated large-size wastes by using satellite images or unit measure for wastes; however, the accuracy of such estimations have been constantly questioned. Therefore, the present study was performed to establish three-dimensional spatial information based on UAS, to measure the amount of waste, and to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement. A measurement was made at a waste site by using UAS, and the X, Y, Z RMSE values of the three-dimensional spatial information were found to be 0.022 m, 0.023 m, and 0.14 m, all of which show relatively high accuracy. The amount of waste measured using these values was computed to be approximately $4,273,400m^3$. In addition, the amount of waste at the same site was measured by using Terrestrial LiDAR, which is used for the precise measurement of geographical features, cultural properties and the like. The resulting value was $4,274,188m^3$, which is not significantly different from the amount of waste computed by using UAS. Thus, the possibility of measuring the amount of waste using UAS was confirmed, and UAS-based measurement is believed to be useful for environmental control with respect to disaster wastes, large-size wastes, and the like.

도시공원 서비스권역 내 · 외 이용인구 정밀 분석 - 대구광역시 근린공원, 주민등록 데이터 분석을 중심으로 -

손승우,안동만,Son, Seung-Woo,Ahn, Tong-Mahn 한국조경학회 2013 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.41 No.5

본 연구는 도시공원 공간적 분포의 문제점을 도시공원 서비스권역과 주소별 주민등록 데이터를 사용한 분석을 통해 밝히고자 하였다. 도시공원 중 "도시공원 및 녹지 등에 관한 법률"에 의해 지정된 "거주자의 보건 휴양 및 정서생활의 향상에 이바지 하기 위해 설치"된 근린공원을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 방법은 크게 1) 근린공원 서비스권역 분석, 2) 근린공원 서비스권역 내 외 인구분석, 3) 기존 연구와의 비교 검토로 구분하여 분석하였다. 기존 연구들에서 나타났던 거주민 분석의 한계를 개선하고자 차별성을 두어, 각 주소별로 등록된 거주민 주민등록 데이터를 활용하여 실제 거주하는 주민수를 적용하였다. 근린공원 서비스권역 또한 기존에 주로 사용되었던 직선거리를 적용한 버퍼분석이 아닌 보행로, 새주소길 등을 적용한 네트워크 분석을 이용하였다. 이상의 과정을 통하여 도출한 결과, 근린공원 서비스권역 면적은 전체면적의 7.99%의 비율을 보였으며, 전체 주거지역 중 근린공원 서비스권역 면적은 31.23%의 비율을 보였다. 근린공원 서비스권역 내에 거주하는 인구는 대구광역시 인구의 43.03%만이 거주하고 있는 것으로 나타나, 전체 인구 반 이상의 인구가 서비스권역 외에 거주하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 기존 연구방법과의 비교 검토 결과는 근린공원 서비스권역 및 서비스권역 내 외 인구 수치에서 큰 차이를 보였다. Urban parks are public spaces that provide various services for any urban resident to use and enjoy. Parks should be fairly distributed so that the urban parks can be equally used amongst different regions, generations and classes. Researches on spatial distribution of urban parks have been continuously conducted from the past based on the principles of fairness with variety, and it was evident that their techniques have become more elaborate and sophisticated. Yet, there have been limitations in the analysis of residents who are the main users of the urban parks. The research done so far was unable to apply the real number of the residents and it was carried out by only classifying and analyzing the population by the same scale(grid in the same sizes), postal(zip) code and administrative district. The actual population that resides within the usable range of urban parks was not used. This study analyzes and evaluates the spatial distribution that the residents can use on foot, by utilizing the service areas and the residents' registration data by addresses. In this study, to analyze the square measure of the service areas of neighborhood parks in Daegu Metropolitan City and the number of residents within and outside of the service area, network analysis techniques were employed and the residents' registration data were utilized. Major findings were that the Square measure of service areas of neighborhood parks turned out to be 31.23% of the square measure of the residential areas and also, that only 43.03% of the population of the Daegu Metropolitan area lives within the service areas of the neighborhood parks.

로드킬 발생 영향요인 분석 - 설악산 국립공원 44번 국도를 대상으로 -

손승우,길승호,윤영조,윤정호,전형진,손용훈,김민선,Son, Seung-Woo,Kil, Sung-Ho,Yun, Young-Jo,Yoon, Jeong-Ho,Jeon, Hyung-Jin,Son, Young-Hoon,Kim, Min-Sun 한국조경학회 2016 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.44 No.3

본 연구는 설악산 국립공원 내 44번 국도를 대상으로 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하여 로드킬이 발생한 지역의 공간적 특성을 분석하고, 분석 결과의 적합도 및 예측도를 평가하여 로드킬 발생 근본 원인을 파악하고자 하였다. 2008년부터 2013년까지 구축된 81개의 로드킬 데이터를 종속변수로 설정하고, 선행연구 및 현장조사를 통해 도출한 경사, 향, 식생, 백두대간 등의 자연환경 요인과 펜스 옹벽 등의 인공시설물, 경작지, 주거지역 등의 토지이용 변수를 독립 변수로 설정하고, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하여 회귀식을 추정하였다. 식생 영급, 하천으로부터의 거리, 펜스 옹벽 등의 설치구간, 주거지역 건물 등의 시설로부터의 거리가 로드킬에 영향을 미치는 변수로 선택되었다. 회귀모형에 포함된 모든 변수들은 유의수준(p<0.01)을 충족하였다. 회귀모형에서 로드킬 발생에 가장 큰 영향력을 보인 변수는 펜스 옹벽 등의 설치구간(회귀계수: -1.0135)으로 나타났으며, 가장 낮은 영향력을 보인 변수는 식생 영급(회귀계수: 0.0001)으로 나타났다. 즉, 펜스 옹벽 등의 설치 구간에서는 로드킬이 일어날 확률이 낮으며, 주거지역 건물 등의 시설로부터의 거리가 가까울수록, 하천으로부터의 거리가 가까울수록, 식생 영급이 커질수록 로드킬 발생이 높아질 수 있다. 추정된 로지스틱 회귀모형 결과로부터 로드킬이 일어날 것이라고 옳게 예측한 확률은 74.1%, 로드킬이 일어나지 않을 것이라고 옳게 예측한 확률은 70.4%로 나타났다. 전체적으로는 옳게 분류한 확률은 72.2%로 비교적 높은 비율을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 로드킬 저감을 위한 계획 및 정책 수립, 방지시설 설치 계획 등의 공간의사 결정에 객관적 근거로 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study aimed to interpret the fundamental cause of road-kill occurrences and analyzed spatial characteristics of the road-kill locations from Route 44 in Seorak National Park, Korea. Logistic regression analysis was utilized for backward elimination on variables. Seorak National Park Service has constructed GIS-data of 81 road-kill occurrences from 2008 to 2013 and these data were assigned as dependent variables in this study. Considered as independent variables from previous studies and field surveys, vegetation age-class, distance to streams, coverage of fences and retaining walls, and distance to building sites were assigned as road-kill impact factors. The coverage of fences and retaining walls(-1.0135) was shown as the most influential factor whereas vegetation age-class(0.0001) was the least influential among all of the significant factor estimates. Accordingly, the rate of road-kill occurrence can increase as the distance to building sites and stream becomes closer and vegetation age-class becomes higher. The predictive accuracy of road-kill occurrence was shown to be 72.2% as a result of analysis, assuming as partial causes of road-kill occurrences reflecting spatial characteristics. This study can be regarded as beneficial to provide objective basis for spatial decision making including road-kill occurrence mitigation policies and plans in the future.

SSD 신뢰성 향상을 위한 3D 낸드 플래시 메모리 오류율에 따른 K-means 클러스터링 분석 및 차별화된 보호 정책

손승우(Seung-Woo Son),김재호(Jae-Ho Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2021 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.26 No.11

3D-NAND 플래시 메모리는 평면적 구조인 2D-NAND 셀을 적층하는 방식으로 단위 면적당 고용량을 제공한다. 하지만 적층 공정의 특성상 각 레이어별 또는 물리적인 셀 위치에 따라 오류 발생 빈도가 달라질 수 있는 문제가 있다. 이와 같은 현상은 플래시 메모리의 쓰기/지우기(P/E) 횟수가 증가할수록 두드러진다. SSD와 같은 대부분의 플래시 기반 저장장치는 오류 교정을 위하여 ECC를 사용한다. 이 방법은 모든 플래시 메모리 페이지에 대하여 고정된 데이터 보호 강도를 제공하므로 물리적 위치에 따라 오류 발생률이 각기 다르게 나타나는 3D NAND 플래시 메모리에서는 한계를 보인다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 오류 발생률 차이를 보이는 페이지와 레이어를 K-means 머신러닝 알고리즘을 통해 군집으로 분류하고, 각 군집마다 차별화된 데이터 보호강도를 적용한다. 본 논문에서는 페이지와 레이어별로 오류 발생률이 현저하게 달라지는 내구성 테스트가 끝난 시점에서 측정된 오류 발생 횟수를 바탕으로 페이지와 레이어를 분류하고 오류에 취약한 영역에 대해서는 스트라이프에 패리티 데이터를 추가하여 차별화된 데이터 보호 강도 제공을 예시로 보인다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 ECC 또는 RAID 방식의 데이터 보호 구조와 비교하여 제안하는 차별화된 데이터 보호정책이 3D NAND 플래시 메모리의 신뢰성과 수명향상에 기여할 수 있음을 보인다. 3D-NAND flash memory provides high capacity per unit area by stacking 2D-NAND cells having a planar structure. However, due to the nature of the lamination process, there is a problem that the frequency of error occurrence may vary depending on each layer or physical cell location. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced as the number of write/erase(P/E) operations of the flash memory increases. Most flash-based storage devices such as SSDs use ECC for error correction. Since this method provides a fixed strength of data protection for all flash memory pages, it has limitations in 3D NAND flash memory, where the error rate varies depending on the physical location. Therefore, in this paper, pages and layers with different error rates are classified into clusters through the K-means machine learning algorithm, and differentiated data protection strength is applied to each cluster. We classify pages and layers based on the number of errors measured after endurance test, where the error rate varies significantly for each page and layer, and add parity data to stripes for areas vulnerable to errors to provides differentiate data protection strength. We show the possibility that this differentiated data protection policy can contribute to the improvement of reliability and lifespan of 3D NAND flash memory compared to the protection techniques using RAID-like or ECC alone.

기술임치제도에 관한 고찰

손승우(Seung Woo Son) 중앙법학회 2007 中央法學 Vol.9 No.2

인터넷포털에 있어서 디지털콘텐츠 이용자 보호 및 불공정거래 개선방안

손승우 ( Seung Woo Son ) 단국대학교법학연구소 2009 법학논총 Vol.33 No.1

Not only present the Internet portals information from diverse sources by a tool of the search engine, but also they offer other services such as e-mail, news, blogs, stock prices, electronic transaction, entertainment, e-learning etc. The web portals has become a central place for digital contents(DC) transactions. As a few portals such as Never, Daum, Yahoo! and Paran have grown and obtained economic power, unfair trade practices against content users and content providers(CP) have been increased, which lead a result of shrinking Korea`s digital content market. Accordingly, the Korean Fair Trade Commission guided the major portal enterprises to correct their unfair agreements against users and unfair business practices against content providers in July 2008. The Korean government issued the Digital Content User Protection Guideline under the Online Digital Contents Industry Promotion Act in July 2008. Also, it provided standard agreement for DC users and standard contract for CP and portals. However, just one form of standard agreement cannot cover diverse and different features of DC transactions so that the Internet portals and other DC distributors are reluctant to adopt them. This paper examine the problems of the current standard agreement and standard contract with respect to the Internet portals, and provides some suggestion for reforming the current regulatory approaches. Different standard agreements for at least six major digital content areas such as portal, music, games, movies, e-learning, mobile are necessary. It also conducts legal analysis on unfair business practices of the major web portals.

IBM의 지식재산 라이선스 거절에 대한 독점금지법의 적용 검토

손승우 ( Son Seung-woo ) 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2011 외법논집 Vol.35 No.4

The U.S. Department of Justice has been investigated allegations that IBM abused its dominance of the mainframe computer market to harm rivals by refusal to license for its operating systems to customers who use non-IBM hardware, retaliating against business partners deemed disloyal and bundling its mainframe operating systems with hardware. It involved a selective refusal to license its patented technology to the software developers (FSI and PSI), which was an essential factor in developing a platform supporting IBM’s mainframe operating system. As a result, the competition in the mainframe platform market was harmed, and thereby denies consumers the freedom to choose. Although the U.S. District Court dismissed T3’s claims against IBM, the DOJ and the Second Circuit has reviewed the case again as the decision was open to criticism. This is a significant opportunity to draw a clearer line whether an unilateral refusal to deal in a lawfully patented product violates an antitrust law since Microsoft case of a decade ago. In September of 2011, IBM offered a concession to European regulators, including a commitment to make spare parts and technical information easier for competitors to provide maintenance services for its mainframe computer. As the EU decided to close an antitrust probe against refusal to deal, the unlawfully tying its mainframe hardware with its operating system is now under question. This article examines the IBM decision more critically, and emphasizes that the selective or discriminatory refusal to license patented technology, which is an essential element to competitors in adjacent market, could bring a more anti-competitive effects than other types of refusals. On this point, the European approach and standard is more reasonable and clearer for decide the legality of an unilateral refusal to license intellectual property. It also addresses some of issues on compulsory license as a remedy for refusal behavior.

산업기술보호 관련 법체계 정비에 관한 소고 -「산업기술유출방지 및 보호에 관한 법률」을 중심으로-

손승우 ( Seung Woo Son ),박장혁 ( Jang Hyouk Park ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2013 법학논총 Vol.37 No.4

The national economy of the Republic of Korea has been developed rapidly around the industrial technology, and the government has striven to prevent the outflow of national core technology and industrial technology for Korean enterprises to predominate in global competition. The representative laws to protect the current industry technology include “Industrial Technology Drain Prevention Act” and “Trade Secret Act” as major laws, and there are various other laws such as “Invention Promotion Act”, “Big·Small & Medium Mutual Developing Cooperation Promotion Act”, “Patent Act”, and “Criminal Law” etc. However, recently there has been significant changes in relevant legal environment. For examples, unconstitutional decision by the Constitutional Court on the obscure definition provision of “Industrial Technology” and the legislation notice of the revised bill including a transfer the Industrial Technology Protection Committee, the Prime Minister affiliated organization to the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy. In addition, a recent revise of Trade Secret Act extends the scope of the subject matters of trade secret protection to include personal business and non-profit organizations. The Small and Medium Business Administration prepares a bill related to small and medium business` technology protection. These changes may induce inefficiencies and redundancy in enforcement of laws, and need the control tower for reconciliation. This paper examines the recent changes in the legal environment surrounding industrial technology protection, and also the necessity of a framework act on technology protection. It also suggests the regulatory legal nature of the Industrial Technology Drain Prevention Act moves to the supportive nature for technology protection; the scope of the subject matters of the law should extend to include general technology protection; and it also need to reduce the subject matters of punishment, which applies to the National Core Technology only. Finally, it emphasizes the role of the Committee as a control tower for technology protection along with enactment of the Technology Protection Basic Act.

단일 모터에 대한 PI 제어와 PI-Fuzzy 제어의 비교

손승우(Seung-Woo Son),김학성(Hak-Sung Kim),안태호(Tae-ho Ahn),최두현(Doo-Hyun Choi) 대한전기학회 2015 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.7

산업기술 유출형 M&A에 대한 규제방안

손승우(Seung-Woo Son) 충남대학교 법학연구소 2009 法學硏究 Vol.20 No.2

Recently, the drain of high technologies have been increased by not only industrial spying but also foreign merger and acquisitions(M&A) of Korean companies, which affects national security and is considered as loss of national wealth. Since the existing legal system could not effectively prevent technology drain, the government enacted “Industrial Technology Drain Prevention Act” in 2006. Although this law provides a committee power to review the transaction of the designated national core technologies, it is not able to prevent the drain of them by foreign acquisition of the domestic company possessing industrial technology. In 2007, the Foreign Investment and National Security (“FINSA”) amended the Exon-Florio Act authorizing the President, acting through and in conjunction with the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”), to review certain transactions whereby a foreign person or entity acquires control of a U.S. business. The FINSA reinforced the regulatory regime against foreign investment by imposing new obligations on CFIUS and the parties to transactions. In determining the effect of a proposed transaction on national security, the President or CFIUS may consider new additional factors, including the long-term projection of U.S. requirements for sources of energy and other critical resources and materials and other factors as the President or CFIUS may deem appropriate. This article addresses problems of the current regulatory regime for foreign investment that aims to drain industrial technology, and reviews recent legislations in Korea and other countries. It also highlights the need to amend the Industrial Technology Drain Prevention Act so that, as a subject matter, certain foreign M&A could be treated same as a technology transaction which influences national security or national economy.