사과표현에서의 남녀 차이

손세모돌 ( Mo Dol Son Se ) 한말연구학회 2012 한말연구 Vol.- No.31

The purpose of this study is to analyze differences in expressions of apology between men and wemen. The main data is conclusions of survey for five situations of apology. The subject of investigation that was enforced two times is 316 persons in all. In chapter two, it were analysed that the use of emotional expressions and names of men and wemen in five apology situations. Wemen use exclamation “어머/어머나” for emotional expression and men use exclamation “이런/어라” more than wemen. Men have tendency to call “야”, wemen use “친구야” much more than men. In chapter three, we have studied about devices of reducing distance through use “죄송해요” and “-을게요” that are informal style and difference of both sexes. Wemen use much informal style “죄송해요” than man about an unrelated person. And wemen use expression “-을게요” more than “-겠습니다” for expression of intention. On the other side men use “-겠습니다” more than “-을게요”. Informal style “해요” decrease distance and increase intimacy between speaker and hearer. In chapter four, we analyzed focus of expressions where are speaker`s position and interlocutor`s place. We came to a conclusion that generally men express their personal opinion strongly by using declarative sentences in situation that are in confronted with problem. On the other hand wemen usally depend upon hearer for help and express their opinion weekly using interrogative sentence. Interrogative sentence is expression of heare`s point. Interrogative sentence that contains “어떡하다/어떻게” express speaker`s confusion. In chapter five, we considered the tendency of keep speaker`s face. Men want to keep their face-want between friends. In order to continue their face men select expressions of speaker`s point and use several strategies to reduce face-threatening when they are late for appointment with friends. It covers expressions using word {늦다}, undergrader “좀/조금”, informal style ending “-다”. Wemen usally stand by interlocutor`s place and express cocern for hearer in situation of apology. It contains expressions to select word {기다리다}, intensifier “많이/오래”, ending “-지”.

신체 언어 연구 -발표에서의 신체 동작을 중심으로-

손세모돌 ( Se Mo Dol Son ) 한말연구학회 2002 한말연구 Vol.- No.10

The purpose of this paper is to analyzing on kinesics in announcements of stusents of university and to searching for effective methods on education for speech. The contents discussed in this paper can be summarized as following. First, nonverbal communication has more effect for audiences than verbal message. Second, effective body languages on audiences are brighten facial expression, adequate hand gestures, uniformed eye direction of gaze, confident attitude, etc. Third, in announcements students tend to have no facial expression. Many students don`t gaze on audiences and don`t use adequate hand gestures.

네 칸 시사만화에서의 언어유희

손세모돌 ( Son Se-mo-dol ) 국제어문학회 2006 국제어문 Vol.38 No.-

The purpose of this study is to research the aspect and function of the pun on strip cartoons in Korean newspapers. The data in this paper is 650 strip cartoons in 13 kinds of Korean newspapers. In strip cartoons, the six types of pun used; a homonym, a sound resemblance, a syllable replacement, an antithesis, idiom/idiomatic phrase, parody. In case of need I will give statistical figures. Materials of strip cartoons is not different in 13 kinds of Korean newspapers. They are commonly about political or social problems. But each cartoonist show different points about their using methods of pun. Except sound resemblance 5 kinds of pun generally used in strip cartoons. sound resemblance only appealed 1.2%(8/650) and in 6 kinds of Korean newspapers. It is the homonym and an antithesis that most generally used in pun. The former used 10.6%(69/650), the latter 9.8%(64/650). The function of pun in strip cartoons is not different each Korean newspapers. A homonym and a sound resemblance function as the strategy of humor. A syllable replacement expose dissatisfaction of cartoonists and criticism. An antithesis mostly show only situation, the idea of cartoonists infer from situations in cartoons. In idiomatic phrase, idiom is not reveal direct criticism but idiomatic phrase and proverb tend to reveal criticism. Idiomatic phrases is not equivalent to the strength of his criticism according to unit in trip cartoons. Parody directly express intention of cartoonists but don`t directly bring up their criticism

네칸 시사만화의 담화구조와 유머, 풍자

손세모돌 ( Se Mo Dol Son ) 한말연구학회 2008 한말연구 Vol.- No.23

중국 출간 한국어교재의 화용론적 오류 분석

손세모돌 ( Son Se-mo-dol ) 국제어문학회 2009 국제어문 Vol.47 No.-

In this paper we consider the pragmatical mistakes of Korean Textbooks which is published in China. Materials of this paper are dialogues in 13 kinds Korean Textbooks. Something regularly implicates fixed contents, has incidental meanings in dialogues. It probably produces an unexpected result in communication without having no regard consideration for dialogues. Pragmatic mistakes come from neglecting conventional implicature and conversational implicature are the center of our interest in this paper. In this paper, we will analyze three articles: Address and referent name, using of formal type endings and informal type endings, and information quantity. First and second articles are concerned conventional implicature. The third article is concerned conversational implicature. Address and referent name in Korean language is very important because it is a barometer which does a listener the honor due to his position. “아줌마” implicates to humble herself. “아가씨” is alike. So in Korea society two words are restricted by using. But in Korean Textbooks published in China the two words are used as yet. Formal type endings and informal type endings have conventional implicature. It concerns social position, the distance of speaker and listener, speaker`s character. Formal type endings use in formal situations so it implicates more distant between dialogue partners. Informal type endings implicate each other closely. In Korean Textbooks published in China, the two endings are used randomly. So pragmatic mistakes are revealed on dialogues in korean textbooks. In textbooks published in China, there are pragmatic mistakes concerned with propositive form“-읍시다”. They come from neglecting its implicature. Korean people thinks ill of propositive form“-읍시다”. Because it is not enough to persons honorific. It is second level of honorific level. But it often uses in the textbooks published in China. Too much information also makes pragmatic mistakes. Attach a word, expressions are the source of the trouble.

중국 출간 한국어 교재의 감사표현과 응답표현 분석

손세모돌 ( Son Se-mo-dol ) 국제어문학회 2010 국제어문 Vol.50 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the adequacy of the expression type and use of words of gratitude and representation of its response in Korean language textbooks published in China. Words of gratitude and the response representation are used to some extent in common etiquette, whereas inappropriate use of them can be interfered to maintain the interpersonal relationships. As expression of gratitude is related to the polite conversation, words of politeness suited to conversational situation can lead to smooth communication by reducing face treating between the speaker and the interlocutor. Although words of politeness is universal phenomena of language there are many differences depending on the language usage and statement. it is necessary to learn how to express words under the social and cultural background. The main analytic objects of this paper are 524 dialogue sentences in 14 volumes of Korean language textbooks published in China. Sub data are 267 dialogue sentences in 8 volumes of Korean language textbooks published in Korea. We considerate forms, contexts, faculty and errors of words of gratitude in Chapter2. In Chapter3, we study expressions of responses about words of gratitude. It includes Forms, the relationship of reponses and locations of words of gratitude, functions, contents of responses and using errors connected with reponses of words of gratitude. Mistakes in textbooks lead errors in context of learning. Because the Korean textbooks show the Korean society and culture as well as contents and methods of learning, it is more important that the accuracy of sentences in foreign countries which people study Koran language with local publications. The more expressions in textbooks have receptive capacity, the more easy to achieve the goal of language study in Korean communicative ability.

한국어와 중국어의 사과표현 대조 연구

손세모돌 ( Son Se-mo-dol ) 국제어문학회 2012 국제어문 Vol.55 No.-

The purpose of this study is to contrast on expression of apology in Korean and Chinese. Speech act of apology is important in communication recovering face treating between the speaker and the interlocutor. Speech act of apology has two sections, one is to apologize after Face-threatening, the other is the hedge for the Face-threatening coming soon. The target in this study is the expressions of explicit apology on actual face treating in Korean and Chinese. In chapter two, the methods about apology in Korean and Chinese were analysed. In chapter three, we have studied expressions of apology used in Korean textbooks and Chinese textbooks. In chapter four, we examined the expressions of apology based on survey for a hundred Korean students and 99 Chinese students. It was to examinate common factors and distinctions between apology expressions of Korean and Chinese. The delegate expressions of apology in Korean are {미안하다}, {죄 송하다} and Chinese`s is 對不起, 不好意思, 抱?. {미안하다}, {죄송 하다} is selected and endings of they are exchanged depend on relationship between speaker and the interlocutor in Korean. 對不起 and 不好意思 in Chinese are selected upon degree about fault. {미안하 다}, {죄송하다} are able to correspond to 對不起, 不好意思, 抱?. The common things often used expressions of apology in Korean and Chinese are strategy of illocutionary Forcd Indicating Device. `Sorry` in English is used as expression of apology in Korean and Chinese. In the situation of mistakes, Korean often use emotional expression and express lack of intend. On the other hand it didn`t often show in Chinese. In more intensified situations it is increased that the expressions of apology attached on {죄송하다} than expressions of {잘못하다} in Korean. The other side it is increased that the expressions depend on 原諒, 錯 than attached expressions on expressions of explicit apology in. Chinese.

한 칸 만평과 네 칸 시사만화 비교 연구

손세모돌 ( Son Se-mo-dol ) 국제어문학회 2008 국제어문 Vol.44 No.-

The purpose of this study is to compare of the cartoons with the strip cartoons in Korean newspapers. I analyzed the dependence on language texts and painting texts on some respects in cartoons and strip cartoons: methods of making up messages and communication, same or similar cuts use over again on strip cartoons in the other days, the method of satire and criticism, The data in this paper is total 1,080 items: 530 cartoons and 550 strip cartoons in 11 kinds of Korean newspapers each other. The language texts supplement painting texts in Cartoons. The painting texts express authors` critical attitude toward political and social subjects through metaphorical expressions. They will be the beginning of interpret the painting texts or speaks without reserve the messages in cartoons. The strip cartoons feel reliance upon language texts. There is language texts in the heart in the strip cartoons. The painting texts fill up language texts or concrete language texts in strip cartoons. The language texts make up a story and communicate messages in strip cartoons. The types of language has no influence on organizing a story. Satire and criticism is expressed through painting texts in the cartoons but is expressed through language texts ine cartoons. The painting texts have a tendency of representing by metaphor. While on the other painting texts have few information in strip cartoons. So same or similar cuts use over again on strip cartoons in the other days. And they reveal other messages. The rate of repetition is 16.0%(351/2200cuts). The cartoons have no same pictures in spite of representing by same metaphor. There are 4 types in language texts in cartoons: title, speech, comments, cartoonist`s words. They have their own functions. Title and speech is expressed without reserve. The other hand in strip cartoons, each type of languages texts has no their own function. They are just a fact of a story. For the reason speech and cartoonist`s words are ill-defined their boundary. In strip cartoons language texts take advantage of pun and the structure of cartoon for making up a story. Humor and satire is revealed by language texts in strip cartoons.

한국어 교육에서의 호칭/지칭에 대하여

손세모돌 ( Se Mo Dol Son ) 한말연구학회 2005 한말연구 Vol.- No.16

인터넷 게시판 글 제목 분석

손세모돌 ( Son Se Mo Dol ) 한국언어문화학회 2002 한국언어문화 Vol.22 No.-

Son Se Mo Dol. 2002. A Study about Titles on Boards in the Net. The purpose this paper is to consider the tendency about using language of titles on boards in the Net.. It is for considering the differency in the chatting language and language on titles in the Net boards. Intention of using internet can be influent on using language in the internet. I examine its major components focusing on the using complete sentences, respect levels of endings and manner of speech and spelling of endings. Data are 42 boards in the Net and 5,370 titles on boards. I will use statistics for analysis the data. We can find many sentences with endings in titles on internet boards. It`s rate is 46.7% in this data. It is a feature that sentences is concluded with noun ending(음) in chatting language. But it is only 0.7% in this data. It is a specially matter that sentences with endings in titles are a lot. Abbreviation of predicate ending is only because restricted space on beard. The part of abbreviation is always backward part of sentences. Words with abbreviation are not restricted on predicates. And abbreviation always can be see restricted space on beard. Many Endings on titles in the Net boards are the deferential in speech level. The rate is 75.6% in the data. Only Two type boards use non-deferential endings more than deferential endings. Same level endings can make different manner of speech. Language of titles on the Net boards is writing style. Spelling of chatting language is affected by realistic conversation. It`s features are spellings to express the delicate difference of nuance in the communications by letter. But titles in the Net boards have a few features chatting language. Using of -yeo(여) that it is the variation of :-yo(요) is only 10%, but rate of :-yo(요) is 49.7%. Endings that is attached consonants is scarce. It`s rate is only 4.3% in the data. And spelling that is affected the feature of paralanguage is a few.