지역거주 노인의 BMI와 활동체력과의 관계

성순창(Soon-Chang, Sung),김현수(Hyun-Soo, Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2014 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study was to assess the association between functional fitness (FF) and levels of body mass index (BMI) in community-dwelling older people. Independently-living older adults (482 men and 1092 women), aged 65-80 years, were recruited from four community senior wellbeing-center. Subjects were group into four categories of BMI (under weight; UW, normal weight; NW, over weight; OW, obese; OB) using Asian criteria, and betweengroup differences in FF were analyzed by using ANCOVA adjusting for age. Functional fitness was evaluated by using the following measurements: sit and reach, timed up and go, arm curl, functional reach, and chair sit to stand. There were sex differences among BMI groups. Although there was not significant, compared to those that were NW or OW, individuals with UW or OB scored lower on the sit and reach, chair sit to stand, and 2-min walk. These results suggest that lower and/or higher BMI are related to selected physical fitness parameters among older adults, and may affect the ability perform activity of daily living. In conclusion, underweight or/and obese older people were associated with a greater likelihood of poor functional fitness.

한국성인의 제지방령지수와 체지방량지수의 분포

성순창 ( Soon Chang Sung ),김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ) 한국스포츠과학원 2012 체육과학연구 Vol.23 No.4

S. C. Sung, & H. S. Kim Fat-free mass index and fat mass index percentiles in Korean adults. Exercise Science. 00(0): 000-000, 2012. Body fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free msss index (FFMI) permit comparisons of subjects with different heights. The aims of this study were to establish reference values for FFMI and FMI in an Korean adult population, and to develop percentile distribution curves for age brakets between 20 and 93 years. Body fat and fat-free mass were determined in healthy men (n=2509) and women (n=3268) by DEXA. Normal FFMI and FMI were defined within the range of the 25th to 75th percentile of age-and gender-specific data. The reference range for the FFMI was similar in all age groups, i.e 16.8~19.3 kg/m2 in men and 14.9~6.1 kg/m2 in men and 14.9~6.1 kg/m2 in women. No difference with age in males and a modest increase in females were, observed. The reference values for percentage of body fat in the two age brackets 20~69 were, observed. The reference values for percentage of body fat in the two age bracket 20~29 and 60~69 were, respectively, 23.1~34.7%, 22.7~34.7% for men and 23.9~3.4%, 23.5%~35>2% for women. The median FMI was 5.1 kg/m2 in males and 6.8 kg/m2 in females. In both genders, from young to elderly age categories, FMI progressively increased with age. FFMI and FMI have advantage of expressing both aspects of body composition in common units. In conclusion, BMI alone cannot provide information about the respective contribution of fat-free mass or fat mass to body weight. These body composition ranges can be used by clinicians and nutritionsts as reference values for a Korean when evaluating body composition variations occurring in aging. malnutrition and chronic diseases.

탄력저항성 운동과 평형성 운동 트레이닝이 여성 노인의 등속성 근기능, 균형 능력 및 균형 자신감에 미치는 영향

성순창 ( Soon Chang Sung ),이만균 ( Man Gyoon Lee ) 한국스포츠과학원 2007 체육과학연구 Vol.18 No.4

The study was designed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of resistance and balance exercise training on isokinetic function of lower extremities, postural stability, and balance efficacy in elderly women. Fifty-two healthy elderly women were volunteered to participated in the study as subjects and were assigned to one of three groups, i.e., resistance exercise training group(RETG: n=17), balance exercise training group(BETG: n=17), and control group(CG: n=18). The subjects in RETG participated in resistance exercise training program which was consisted of thera-band exercise, 60 minutes per session, and three times per week. The subjects in BETG went through the balance exercise training program for same duration and frequency as RETG. The variables regarding to isokinetic function, postural stability, and balance efficacy were measured before and after each intervention in three group. The data were analyzed utilizing two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results were as follows: 1) There was a significant main effect of test and interaction between group and test in dorsi flexion(180˚/sec) of ankle after 12 weeks of interventions. There was a significant main effect of test in isokinetic function of knee after 12 weeks of interventions. All variables regarding to isokinetic function in RETG increased significantly after 12 weeks of resistance exercise training. Peak torque of flexion and extension(90˚/sec), peak torque per body weight of flexion(90˚/sec) in BETG increased significantly after 12 weeks of balance exercise training. 2) The variables related to postural stability in RETG showed a tendency to be improved, but the changes failed to reach statistical significant level. These variables in BETG increased significantly after 12 weeks of balance exercise training. 3) The scores in balance efficacy increased significantly in both training groups due to the exercise training(P<.01). It was concluded that both resistance and balance exercise training programs were effective in enhancing the falling injury-related variables such as isokinetic strength, postural stability, and balance efficacy. Especially, it was shown that balance exercise training was more effective in enhancing the variables compared to resistance exercise training, indicating that the exercise training program for preventing the falling injury in the elderly should be composed mainly of balance exercises.

농촌 노인과 도시 노인의 체력 수준 비교분석

성순창 ( S. C. Sung ),김현수 ( H. S. Kim ),이만균 ( M. G. Lee ) 한국운동생리학회 2011 운동과학 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare daily living fitness levels between elderly farmers and urban dwellers. Three hundreds-ninety-four farmers and six hundreds-twenty-seven urban dwellers were selected as subjects by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. Seven physical fitness test items were selected based on the suggestion by Rikli and Jones (2001). 1) Physical fitness levels of the farmers were significantly better than urban dwellers except one leg standing with eye-open for males and back scratch test for females. 2) For males, percent body fat (all age groups), grip strength (65-69 yrs), arm curl (70-74 & 75-79 yrs), chair stand (70-74 yrs, over 80 yrs), back scratch test (75-79 yrs, over 80 yrs), sit-and-reach (65-69 yrs, 70-74 yrs, over 80 yrs), and 2.44m up-and-go (65-69 yrs, 70-74 yrs, 75-79 yrs) of farmers were significantly better than urban dwellers. 3) For females, percent body fat (all age groups), grip strength (65-69 yrs, 70-74 yrs), arm curl (all age groups), chair stand (70-74 yrs), back scratch test (65-69 yrs, 70-74 yrs), sit-and-reach (75-79 yrs, over 80 yrs), one leg standing with eye-open (70-74 yrs), and 2.44m up-and-go (over 80 yrs) of farmers were significantly better than urban dwellers. It was concluded that physical fitness level of the farmers was better than urban dwellers. Research elucidating the reasons for the difference between two districts by investigating the life patterns and environment would be warranted in near future.

남성노인의 연령과 넘어짐 경험 및 운동습관이 활동체력에 미치는 영향

성순창 ( Soon Chang Sung ),이만균 ( Man Gyoon Lee ),김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ) 한국운동생리학회 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.3

Research investigating physical fitness in the elderly has conducted with full attention in the elderly society; however, the research has focused on female subjects and integrative study examining relationship among age, falling experience, and exercise habit has been limited. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of age, falling experience, and exercise habit on physical fitness for activities of daily living in the elderly men. The subjects were 125 elderly men. who were composed of falling experienced(n=43) and non-experienced(n=82) individuals. At the same time they were composed of individuals who had exercise habit(n=79) and who did not have exercise habit(n=46). Physique, variables regarding to body composition. and physical fitness were measured and compared by aforementioned independent variables. All components except power declined significantly with aging. Falling experienced individuals had lower physical fitness level than non-experienced individuals. Individuals who had exercise habit had higher physical fitness level than who did not have exercise habit. To prevent falling injury. exercise intended to enhance dynamic balance and flexibility should be included exercise program for elderly men. Finally, elderly men should participate in exercise program on the regular basis for their successful aging.

스포츠기능성보조제에 대한 남자 대학 운동선수의 자각적 효과 분석

성순창(Sung, Soon-Chang),김승환(Kim, Seung-Hwan),정원상(Jung, Won-Sang),이만균(Lee, Man-Gyoon) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.6

The purpose of this study was to analyze top five most frequent types of the sports functional supplement(SFS), information provider of SFS, reason(s) to intake SFS, perceptive effects of SFS, reliability of SFS, and impotance of SFS in two hundreds fifty two male collegiate athletes. Main results obtained by multiple response analysis and Wilcoxon signed rank test were as follows: 1) Top five most frequent types of SFS were red ginseng, multivitamins, protein supplement, creatine, and vitamin+mineral. 2) Information providers were parents and family members for ginseng, multivitamins, and vitamin+mineral, whereas information providers were team colleagues and friends for protein supplement and creatine. 3) The purposes and perceptive effects of the top five SFS were different and various. 4) There was a significant difference between reliability and impotance in ginseng and vitamin+mineral. It was concluded that male collegiate athletes did not obtain the information on SFS in a professional way, although many male collegiate athletes were taking various types of SFS. The purposes and perceptive effects of SFS were different, and reliability and impotance of SFS were also different.

PNF 탄력밴드 운동과 Bobath 개념의 운동이 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 환자의 보행과 자세안정성에 미치는 영향

성순창(Sung, Soon-Chang),오동건(Oh, Dong-Gun),이만균(Lee, Man-Gyoon) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.6

This study was designed to examine the effects of elastic band exercise using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and central nervous system (CNS) exercise developed based on Bobath concept on gait and postural stability in hemiplegic stroke patients. Fourteen patients were divided into two groups, i.e., elastic band exercise using PNF group (PNF group; n=7) and CNS exercise developed based on Bobath concept group (Bobath group; n=7). Subjects in PNF group and Bobath group performed elastic band exercise using PNF and CNS exercise using Bobath concept, respectively, for 30 min/session and five sessions/wk for four weeks. Gait and postural stability were measured and compared between two groups and between pre- and post-test. Main results of the present study were as follows: 1) Step time, gait cycle, double support time, mean normalized velocity, and cadence improved significantly in Bobath group, but they did not change significantly in PNF group. 2) Stride length improved significantly in PNF group, whereas step length, stride length, and F AP improved significantly in Bobath group. 3) No significant changes were found in sum of deviation X, Y, and total in both groups. It was concluded that CNS exercise using Bobath concept would be more beneficial to improve temporal parameters and spatial parameters than elastic band exercise using PNF. Therefore, CNS exercise using Bobath concept could be very effective alternative method to treat hemiplegic stroke patients.

남녀 노인의 6분 걷기 검사와 강도별 신체활동량 수준과의 관련성

성순창(Sung, Soon-Chang),정진욱(Chung, Jin-Wook),정승삼(Jung, Seung-Sam),김현수(Kim, Hyun-Soo) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

The cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems have received most attention as they are involved with most basic functions of everyday life. Maximal aerobic performance is reduced with age. The 6 minute walk test (6 MWT) is an useful assessment instrument for the exercise capacity of elderly. The impact of the physical activity status on the 6MWT-distance, however, remains unclear in the Korean elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the magnitude of regular exercise/physical activity is related to 6 MWT distance and to suggest a new evaluation standard for exercise capacity in older adults. Elderly people (206 men, 265 women) in a local community performed an IPAQ-7 questionnaire for the assessment of physical activity and participated in 6 MWT. The distance in 6 MWT was significantly reduced with advancing age in both men and women, consistent with a marked decrease in physical activity over aging. In contrast, physically active elderly individuals (more than 150 −300 min/week) showed a considerably longer distance in 6 MWT than that of less active individuals (less than 150 min/week). In conclusion, it is suggested that older adults who participate in regular physical activity with moderate/vigorous intensity for 150−300 min/week show greater aerobic endurance capacity than that of less active older adults. The innovative standard established in the present study contributes to the assessment of cardio-respiratory fitness level and would be utilized for exercise prescription of elderly individuals.

노인의 하지근력 평가방법으로서 의자 앉았다 일어서기의 타당성 검토 및 평가기준 제안

성순창(Sung Soon Chang),신소희(Shin So Hee),최규정(Choi Kyu jeong),김현수(Kim Hyun-Soo) 한국생활환경학회 2015 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.22 No.1

A major factor governing independence for the elderly and persons with disabilities is the ability to stand from a chair. The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of a 30 second chair sit-to-stand (CSS-30) and 5 times chair sit-to-stand (5-CSS) tests to evaluate the lower extremity muscle strength, and to develop normative CSS-30 standards for the Korean older adults (1947 men and 3046 women, aged 65-97 years), and to analyze age and gender patterns of decline for the CSS-30. The moderate high correlation between chair stand performance and maximum voluntary isometric contraction force of knee extension for both CSS-30 and 5-CSS (r=.455 and .414, respectively) supported the criterion-related validity of the chair stand as a measure of lower body strength (all, p<.01). As expected, chair-stand performance decreased significantly across age groups in decades―from the 60s to the 70s tothe 80s (p<.01), but no differences were observed between the gender groups. Active participants scored better in CSS-30 tests than their average and nonactive peers (p<.0001). This study showed that the CSS-30 tests provide a valid indicator of lower body strength of Korean elderly men and women in a field setting, and these newly established normative standards make it possible to assess individual lower body strength.

국민체력 100 체력인증사업 참여 노인의 신체활동에 미치는 사회환경적, 사회심리적 변인

성순창(Sun Chang Sung),박세정(Se Jung Park),이효(Hyo Lee) 한국체육측정평가학회 2015 한국체육측정평가학회지 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 국민체력 100 체력인증사업 참여 노인의 평소 신체활동 참여여부 및 신체활동량에 미치는 사회환경적, 사회심리적 요인의 구조적 관계를 알아보는 것이었다. 이를 65세 이상 노인 211명을 대상으로 가구소득, 교육수준, 신체활동 참여에 대한 사회적지지(가족 및 동료), 방해요인 인식, 결과기대 인식, 자기효능감, 신체활동 참여 여부 및 신체활동량을 측정하였다. 변인간의 구조적 관계에 대한 경로분석 결과, 소득 수준이 높은 노인은 신체활동 참여에 대한 가족으로부터의 지지를 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다(B=3.71, p<.01). 한편, 동료로부터의 지지는 교육 및 소득수준의 유의한 영향을 받지는 않았지만 방해요인 인식(B=-.26, p<.001), 결과기대 인식(B=.27, p<.001) 자기효능감(B=.27, p<.001)을 모두 유의하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 실제 신체활동 참여여부에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변인은 가족으로부터의 사회적 지지였다(OR=1.13, p<.05). 한편, 신체활동을 조금이라도 한다고 답한 노인(N=145)을 대상으로 한 분석에서 신체활동량에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변인은 자기효능감이었다(B=.27, p<.01). 교육수준은 신체활동의 결과기대감(B=2.85, p<.05), 동료로부터의 사회적 지지는 신체활동 방해요인인식(B=-.21, p<.05), 결과기대감(B=.30, p<.01)에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 신체활동을 조금이라도 하도록 하는 데에는 가족의 사회적 지지가 가장 중요한 요인이지만, 신체활동량을 권장지침 준수 수준으로 끌어올리려면 자기효능감을 증진하도록 해야 한다는 점을 시사한다. 또한 신체활동여부 및 신체활동량에 유의한 영향을 주지는 않았지만 신체활동 참여 의사결정의 핵심 동기요인인 방해요인인식, 결과기대, 자기효능감은 친구 및 동료의 사회적 지지를 통해 개선될 여지가 있다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 앞으로 신체활동 증진사업은 사회경제적 취약 노인의 사회적 지지망을 복원하고 개선하는 데 힘써야 할 것임을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to understand structural relationships among physical activity participation, social ecological, and social cognitive variables in older adults who participated in National Fitness Award. The participants of this study were 211 elders. Household income, education level, social support for physical activity from family and friends, perceived barriers, outcome expectation, and self-efficacy for physical activity, and physical activity were measured. The results of the path analyses revealed that older adults with higher income perceived more social support from their family (B=3.71, p<.01). Even though social support from friends was not significantly influenced by education and income level, it was significantly associated with perceived barriers (B=-.26, p<.001), outcome expectation (B=.27, p<.001), and self-efficacy (B=.37, p<.001) for physical activity. Nevertheless, the only variable significantly associated with physical activity participation (dichotomous variable) was social support from family (OR=1.13, p<.05). Meanwhile, only self-efficacy was significantly associated with level of physical activity (B=.27, p<.01) in the analysis specific to older adults who participated at least one 10 consecutive minutes of moderate physical activity per week. Education was positively associated with outcome expectation (B=2.85, p<.05) in the same analysis. Lastly, social support from friends was associated with perceived barrier (B=-.21, p<.05) and outcome expectation (B=.30, p<.01). The results of this study suggest that social support is important for helping older adults initiate physical activity, but then self-efficacy is more important to increase their physical activity toward recommended level.