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세계 주요 원전운용국가들의 핵폐기물 문제와 핵폐기물 정책의 변화 : 미국 핵폐기물 정책실패의 시사적 교훈 Some Lessons from the US Case
변동건 한국환경정책학회 2000 環境政策 Vol.8 No.2
Nuclear waste is a serious environmental problem in search of policy solution. In many ways, nuclear waste policy may be described as a "new kid" of environmental policy, In the early stages of nuclear development, scientists and policy makers alike assumed that such waste could be easily managed through deep geological disposal. Also, most individuals involved in nuclear program were more interested in the development of new technology than in the seemingly unproductive question of waste disposal. However, with the spread of nuclear technology to commercial and industrial applications, the level of nuclear waste began to grow exponently. Nuclear waste management became an important item on the public policy agenda of those nations utilizing the nuclear technology. Ironically, then, serious public policy concern for nuclear wastes management is less than two decades old. Thus, the policy process in mostcountries, including the U.S., is still in development stage. General nuclear waste policy worldwide has been slow In developing. Actually recognition of a need for a policy response, even to a problem with the ramifications of nuclear waste, does not necessarily translate into viable policy. Thus the world faces a serious problem of nuclear waste without an adequate waste management policy. In this paper, the author tries to review the U.S. nuclear waste management policy which is characterized by the development states from complacency, to belated policy response, to policy paralysis and stalemate. The author argues that we can learn from the policy stalemate in the U.S. with the hindsight of the late-comer's effect, we can understand the difficulty and nature of the nuclear waste management problems that are at the present face. Then, the author tries to find the possibility of anticipating the problem and developing a policy response in advance of a nuclear waste crisis in Korea. That area will include the through review of the long-term nuclear power plant plans and the decornmissioning of nuclear power plant.