Music Information Retrieval 기술 동향

변가람,김무영 한국방송공학회 2014 방송과 미디어 Vol.19 No.1

국내 미세먼지 오염도지도의 활용과 한계: 미세먼지 기인 질병부담 연구를 중심으로

변가람 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

미세먼지 건강영향평가의 타당성을 확보하기 위해서는 무엇보다 정확한 노출평가가 이루어져야한다. 미세먼지 역학연구에서는 자료 수집의 어려움으로 인해 개인수준의 노출평가 보다는 지역 수준의 노출평가를 수행하는 경우가 많다. 이때 국내 미세먼지 측정소의 모니터링 자료만으로는 전국 농도 분포를 파악하기 어렵기 때문에, 모델링을 통해 측정소가 없는 지역의 농도를 추정해야 한다. 그러나 국내에서 모델링을 통해 예측된 전국 미세먼지 오염도 지도를 활용한 건강영향평가 사례는 매우 제한적인 실정이다. 최근 미세먼지로 인한 질병부담측정 연구 사업이 수행된 바 있다. 해당 연구에서는 전국을 대상으로 미세먼지 장기 노출뿐만 아니라 단기 노출로 인한 질병부담을 추정하기 위해 공백 지역에 대한 모델링과 함께 일별 미세먼지 결측자료에 대한 모델링을 수행하였다. 공백 지역에 대한 모델링은 AMS/EPA Regulatory MODel (AERMOD) 모델을 활용하였으며, 일별 결측값에 대한 모델링은 선형회귀모형을 활용하였다. 그 결과 2002년부터 2018년까지 전국 모든 시군구에 대한 일평균 미세먼지 농도 자료를 기반으로 미세먼지 장 · 단기 노출 기여사망자수 및 환자수를 산출하였다. 해당 연구의 노출모델링은 건강영향평가에 적용가능한 정확도를 보였으나, 한계점 또한 존재하였다. AERMOD 모델은 미세먼지 측정소가 부족한 지역에서는 정확도가 떨어질 수 있으며, 선형회귀모형은 대기의 물리화학적 과정을 반영하지 않는 단순 통계 모형이었다. 향후 국내의 미세먼지 오염도 지도가 건강영향평가에 활발히 활용되기 위해서는 건강영향평가 방법론을 고려한 연구 기간 및 해상도 설정과 모형의 고도화가 필요할 것이다.

우리나라 식품안전보건지표의 개발 및 운용과정 정립에 대한 연구

변가람,최지혜,이종태 한국식품위생안전성학회 2015 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.30 No.3

This study was conducted to establish a standardized process for developing food safety health indicators. With this aim, we proposed a standardized process, accessed the validity of the suggested process by performing simulations, and provided a method to utilize the indicators. Developing process for domestic environmental health indicators was benchmarked to propose a standardized process for developing food safety health indicators, and DPSEEA framework was applied to the development of indicators. The suggested standardized process consists of an exploitation stage and a management stage. In the exploitation stage, a total of 6 procedures (initial indicators suggestion, candidate indicators selection, data availability assessment, feasibility assessment, pilot study, and final indicator selection) are conducted, and the indicators are routinely calculated and officially announced in the management stage. The exploitation stage is operated by an interaction between a task force team who manages the overall process, and an advisory committee (minimum of 4 in academia, 2 in research, 4 in specialists of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) who reviews and performs evaluations on the indicators. The standardized process was simulated with 45 initial indicators, and total of 4 indicators (17 detailed indicators) were selected: ‘Proportion of domestic fruit/vegetable receiving ‘acceptable’ in the evaluation of pesticide/herbicide residues’, ‘Food-borne disease outbreaks’, ‘Food-borne legal infectious disease incidence’, ‘Salmonellosis incidence’. Synthetic food safety health index was derived by calculating percent difference with the data from 2010 to 2012. Results showed that when comparing the year 2010 to 2011, and 2011 to 2012, the overall food safety status improved by 10.37% and 9.87%, respectively. In addition, the contribution of indicators to the overall food safety status can be determined by looking into the individual indicators, and the synthetic index may be illustrated to enhance the ease of interpretation to the public and policy makers. In overall, food health safety indicators can be useful in many ways and therefore, attention should be drawn to conduct further studies and establish related legislations.

다중 옥타브 밴드 기반 음악 장르 분류 시스템

변가람(Karam Byun),김무영(Moo Young Kim) 대한전자공학회 2013 전자공학회논문지 Vol.50 No.12

음악 장르 분류를 위해서 다양한 종류의 특징 벡터들이 이용되고 있다. 대표적인 short-term 특징 벡터들로는 mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC), decorrelated filter bank (DFB), octave-based spectral contrast (OSC) 등이 있으며, 이들의 long-term variation이 함께 이용된다. 본 논문에서는 OSC 특징을 추출하는데 있어서 하나의 옥타브 밴드 뿐만 아니라 다중 옥타브 밴드를 동시에 이용하여 옥타브 밴드 간 상관관계를 함께 반영할 수 있도록 하였다. 2012년도 music information retrieval evaluation exchange (MIREX) 평가회의 mixed 장르 분류 분야에서 4위를 한 알고리즘에 다중 옥타브 밴드를 이용한 결과, GTZAN과 Ballroom 데이터베이스에 대해서 각각 0.40% 포인트와 3.15% 포인트의 성능 향상을 얻을 수 있었다. For musical genre classification, various types of feature vectors are utilized. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC), ecorrelated filter bank (DFB), and octave-based spectral contrast (OSC) are widely used as short-term features, and their long-term variations are also utilized. In this paper, OSC features are extracted not only in the single-octave band domain, but also in the multiple-octave band one to capture the correlation between octave bands. As a baseline system, we select the genre classification system that won the fourth place in the 2012 music information retrieval evaluation exchange (MIREX) contest. By applying the OSC features based on multiple-octave bands, we obtain the better classification accuracy by 0.40% and 3.15% for the GTZAN and Ballroom databases, respectively

지역간 상대위험도 변동을 고려한 미세먼지 기인 질병부담 및 사회경제적 비용 추정 연구

변가람(Garam Byun),최용수(Yongsoo Choi),길준수(Junsu Gil),차준일(Junil Cha),이미혜(Meehye Lee),이종태(Jong-Tae Lee) 한국환경보건학회 2021 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.47 No.5

Background: Particulate matter (PM) is one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. Previous studies in South Korea have applied a relative risk calculated from Western populations when estimating the disease burden attributable to PM. However, the relative risk of PM on health outcomes may not be the same across different countries or regions. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the premature deaths and socioeconomic costs attributable to longterm exposure to PM in South Korea. We considered not only the difference in PM concentration between regions, but also the difference in relative risk. Methods: National monitoring data of PM concentrations was obtained, and missing values were imputed using the AERMOD model and linear regression model. As a surrogate for relative risk, hazard ratios (HRs) of PM for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were estimated using the National Health Insurance Service- National Sample Cohort. The nation was divided into five areas (metropolitan, central, southern, southeastern, and Gangwon-do Province regions). The number of PM attributable deaths in 2018 was calculated at the district level. The socioeconomic cost was derived by multiplying the number of deaths and the statistical value of life. Results: The average PM₁₀ concentration for 2014~2018 was 45.2 μg/㎥. The association between long-term exposure to PM10 and mortality was heterogeneous between areas. When applying area-specific HRs, 23,811 premature deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory disease in 2018 were attributable to PM₁₀ (reference level 20 μg/㎥). The corresponding socioeconomic cost was about 31 trillion won. These estimated values were higher than that when applying nationwide HRs. Conclusions: This study is the first research to estimate the premature mortality caused by long-term exposure to PM using relative risks derived from the national population. This study will help precisely identify the national and regional health burden attributed to PM and establish the priorities of air quality policy.

Augmented Reality as Effective Media Communication Tool for Future Users

변가람(Byun, Karam),서태원(Suh, Taewon),김승인(Kim, Seungin) 한국디자인지식학회 2011 디자인지식저널 Vol.19 No.-

With the rise of augmented reality, we question if this emerging media format is no longer an experimental one so that it can employ to modify and change the current rules and formulas in delivering commercial contents. We focus on the characteristics of augmented reality that can facilitate significantly the internal states in the Stimulus - Organism - Response (S-O-R) framework of media communications and content delivery. This paper particularly identifies augmented reality as a decent tool to easily affect users to achieve managers’ goals concerning targeted attitudes and behaviors; and help build fast brand relationships through its ability to simultaneously constitute interactivity, telepresence, and engagement among the users. The paper will try to show this by comparing the SOR framework on website experience of users and re-constructing a new framework for AR experiences with the base on its definitions and usage today. More importantly the paper discusses the real focus of what augmented reality contents should aim for to use augmented reality in a more effective manner than old media.

우리나라 식품안전보건지표를 활용한 사례연구: 다양한 통합지수 산출을 통한 주요 지표 확인 및 사회경제적 지위와의 상관성 파악

최지혜,변가람,이종태 한국식품위생안전성학회 2015 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Food-Health indicators have been developed and utilized internationally in the ‘Food’ domain of environment and health indicators. In Korea, however, Food Safety Health Indicators which are in the introductory stage had been developed separately from Environmental Health Indicators. The aim of the current study is to suggest feasible applications of the domestic Food Safety Health Indicators as a case study. We introduced 3 possible applications which are as follows: 1) production of two types of Integrated Food Safety Health Index; 2) conduction of correlation analysis between the Integrated Food Safety Health Index and Food Safety Health Indicators; 3) conduction of regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between the Integrated Food Safety Health Index and socioeconomic status. As a result, we provided the calculated Integrated Food Safety Health Index Ⅰ and Integrated Food Safety Health Index Ⅱ, which represents the regional food safety level in relative and absolute terms, respectively. Integrated Food Safety Health IndexⅠwas significantly correlated with the outbreaks of food-borne diseases (caused by Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp. and unknown cause) and incidence of E.coli infections. Integrated Food Safety Health Index Ⅱ significantly decreased as the proportion of foreigners and women increased, and increased as the population density increased. Utilization of such Integrated Food Safety Health Indicators may be helpful in understanding the overall domestic food safety level and identifying the indicators which must be considered with priorities to enhance the food safety levels regionally and domestically. Furthermore, analyzing the association between Integrated Food Safety Health Index and factors other than food safety could be useful in conducting risk management and identifying susceptible populations. Food Safety Health Indicators can be useful in other applications, and may serve as a supporting material in establishing or modifying policy plans to enhance food safety. Therefore, keen interests by researchers accompanied by further studies on food safety health indicators are needed.

전자장치 피부착자 출국 통제 강화 방안 - 전자장치 피부착자 해외 도주를 중심으로 -

김영천,변아름,김용기,전빛가람 한국항공경영학회 2018 한국항공경영학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.2018 No.-

환경성 질병부담을 활용한 생활공감 환경보건기술개발사업 건강 편익 평가 및 제언

최용수(Yongsoo Choi),변가람(Garam Byun),이종태(Jong-Tae Lee) 한국환경보건학회 2022 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.48 No.2

Background: The Environmental Health Action Program was a national project carried out from 2012~2021. It was aimed at developing public technologies to protect people s health from various environmental hazards. Objectives: One of the final goals of the project was “creating health benefits worth more than 179.2 billion won by reducing the environmental burden of disease.” This study aims to evaluate whether the program sufficiently achieved the planned benefits. Methods: In order to secure consistency in evaluation, we applied the same equation used in the goal-setting process. It is comprised of six parameters to estimate the benefit: 1. The amount of medical expenses for environmental diseases; 2. The attributable proportion of environmental risk factors’ 3. The rate of reduction in medical expenses for environmental diseases; 4. R&D project contribution; 5. The proportion of successful policy reflection; and 6. The contributions of the project. The corresponding variables were estimated at the end of the project, and the health benefits of the project were recalculated using the newly estimated variables. Results: It was estimated that a total of 195 billion won in health benefits occurred or will occur from 2015 to 2026. The main contributors for achieving the target were an increase in medical expenses for environmental diseases, a high score in the R&D project contribution, and the proportion of successful policy reflection. Conclusions: Technically, the equation used in the project is about medical expenses for environmental diseases rather than about the environmental burden of disease. There are several benefits of using the environmental burden of disease in the evaluation of public health policies. In further studies, developing a policy evaluation framework using indicators such as population attributable fraction would be needed.

구취에 따른 구강 내 형태별 세균의 분포 및 운동성, 진균 균사 분석

김도경(Do Kyeong Kim),변유경(You-Kyeong Byeon),최현지(Hyun-Ji Choi),이가람(Ga-Ram Lee),최유리(Yu-Ri Choi),최유진(Yu-Jin Choi) 대한치과의료관리학회 2018 대한치과의료관리학회지 Vol.6 No.1