Social Distance, Positioning, and Investment of an Arabic Student in a US Elementary ESL Classroom with Korean Peers

박효나 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.13

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine how an Arabic student formed social distance from his Korean peers and positioned himself in an Elementary ESL classroom in the United States, and how his social distance and positioning influenced his ESL learning and construction of investment. The guiding concepts of this study were Norton Peirce’s (1995) concept of investment, which also served as a theoretical framework, and Schumann’s (1976) concept of social distance. Methods One Arabic student in the fifth grade and his ESL teacher participated as main informants in this study, and four Korean students were secondary participants. In this qualitative research, data sources included nonparticipant classroom observations and interviews with the main participants. Thematic coding served as an analytic framework. Results It was found that as the Arabic student formed social distance from Korean students, he had difficulty with language learning, suggesting that if he formed greater social proximity, he would have a more supportive language learning environment. Also, although his present positioning (Kayi-Aydar, 2014) as needing help in the ESL classroom may suggest a negative language learning circumstance for the Arabic student, the social interaction and community involvement of getting that help may broaden his learning spectrum and construction of investment. However, it is important to keep in mind that young students’ social distance and positioning is not fixed but keeps evolving in relation to social power (Norton, 1997), which may influence construction of investment. Conclusions Thus, the ESL teacher’s role is critical, particularly the ability to provide diverse language pedagogies that are applicable to students who are in foreign situations like that of the Arabic student and other students.

The Impact of Communication Strategy Training on WTC and Strategy Use

박효나,양재석 현대영어교육학회 2021 현대영어교육 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of communication strategy training on tertiary EFL students’ willingness to communicate (WTC) and their strategy use. The experimental group received a 7-week intervention involving communication strategy-based training. Both quantitative and qualitative data, including self-report questionnaires on communication strategy and WTC, transcriptions of think-aloud protocols, strategy logs, and short memos, were collected. Pre- and post-oral communication tasks were given to measure changes in participants’ actual use of CSs. Seven strategies, including code-switching, appeal for assistance, non-verbal expression, word coinage, avoidance, circumlocution, and approximation were introduced in a college language classroom setting. The results showed that the explicit communication strategy instruction had a positive impact on both WTC and strategy use. Specifically, there was a significant increase in the participants’ use of four compensatory strategies, approximation, word-coinage, code-switching, and non-verbal expression, after seven weeks of CS training. The findings suggest that the students’ increase in the use of four CSs was closely related to their increase of the awareness of the CSs. Therefore, raising learners’ awareness of CSs, training them to apply the strategies, and providing opportunities for practice can enhance their communication abilities.

A Simultaneous Inference for the Multivariate Data

박효일 한국자료분석학회 2017 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.19 No.2

In this paper, we consider to propose several simultaneous tests for the mean vector and covariance matrix under the multivariate normality assumption for the underlying distribution. For doing this purpose, we consider to apply the likelihood ratio principle to obtain optimal test statistics in an optimal sense. Then we factor out two types of statistics from the likelihood ratio statistic and identify them a product two individual likelihood ratio test statistics such that one is for the test of the mean vector, the other, that of the covariance matrix. Since it would be difficult to obtain the joint distribution of the two types of the individual statistics, we consider to use the combination functions which combine the p-values from the individual partial hypothesis test results. Then we derive the distributions for the combination functions under the null hypothesis. Also we illustrate our test procedure with a numerical bivariate example which is obtained for the measurement of head sizes for the first and second sons and compare their results based on the p-values. Then we discuss some interesting features our proposed simultaneous tests with some related topics. Finally we allude some future topics with simultaneous test procedure with covariance matrix.

Semiparametric 모형에 대한 분석방법

박효일 淸州大學校 産業經營硏究所 1999 産業經營硏究 Vol.22 No.1

Cox(1972)가 right censored 자료에 대한 분석 모형으로서 소위 semiparametric 모형을 제시하고 conditional likelihood 분석 방법을 이용한 이후 이에 대한 타당성 조사, 적용 대상 그리고 semiparametric 모형에 대한 확장 등에 대한 연구가 활발하게 과거 25여 년간에 걸쳐 이루어 졌다. 이번 연구의 목적은 이러한 발전에 대하여 폭 넓은 review를 함으로서 semiparametric 모형에 대한 새로운 연구 방향을 모색하는 계기가 되고자 한다.

A Discussion for Test of Covariance Matrix with Likelihood Ratio Principle

박효일 한국자료분석학회 2017 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.19 No.6

In this study, we consider to discuss and propose a test procedure for covariance matrix under the normality assumption. For this purpose, first of all, we identify that the likelihood ratio function consists of a product of likelihood ratio functions of individual eigenvalues of covariance matrix. Then we construct a union-intersection type of statistic based on the minimum among individual p-values and propose a test. We note that the null distributions of the individual statistics are all chi-square and independent. Since the union-intersection test statistic is one of combination functions, we propose two more tests using the combination functions by combining p-values of individual partial tests. Then we compare the efficiency of the proposed tests with the asymptotic one by obtaining empirical powers through a simulation study. For this simulation study, we include the likelihood ratio test with chi-square which is the limiting distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic. Finally, we discuss some interesting features related with the test for the covariance matrix.

Monte-Carlo 방법에 의한 분포함수에 대한 추정

박효일 청주대학교 2018 産業科學硏究 Vol.36 No.1

In this research, we review and discuss the Monte-Carlo method which depends heavily upon the computer facility and its softwares. The discussion for the Monte-Carlo method will be developed with exemplifying the usage of the Monte-Carlo method for the hypothesis testing problems for the various situations. Then we suggest the directions for developing and applying the Monte-Carlo method for the multivariate statistics. Finally we discuss some comparison for the Monte-Carlo method with the bootstrap method as concluding remarks.

Bootstrap Median Control Chart

박효일 한국자료분석학회 2008 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.10 No.4

In this study, we propose a median control chart with the bootstrap method. In order to determine the control limits, first we consider to use the estimate of variance which can be considered as a moment estimate and then use the bootstrap confidence intervals by applying the several bootstrap methods after reviewing several bootstrap methods. Then we show an example as an illustration for our proposed method and compare several bootstrap methods through simulation study with three different distributions. Finally we discuss some interesting features in median control chart and the bootstrap methods as concluding remarks.

중학교 교사가 인식하는 학습조직문화, 학교장의 수업리더십, 학교만족도, 수업개선활동 간 구조적 관계

박효인,장민경,김효선 고려대학교 HRD정책연구소 2023 휴먼웨어 연구 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 교사가 인식하는 학습조직문화와 학교장의 수업리더십이 학교만족도를 매개하여 수업활동개선에 영향을 미치는 구조적 관계를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 서울교육종단연구 6차 패널자료에서 중학교 교사 데이터를 추출하였고, AMOS 24.0을 활용하여 구조방정식모형을 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중학교 교사의 학습조직문화가 활발하고, 학교장의 수업리더십이 강하다고 인식할수록 학교만족도는 향상되며, 학교만족도가 높을수록 수업개선활동이 활발히 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중학교 교사들이 인식하는 학교만족도는 학습조직문화와 수업개선활동의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중학교 교사들이 인식하는 학교장의 수업리더십과 수업개선활동 간 관계에서 학교만족도는 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 교사의 수업개선활동을 촉진시킬 수 있는 방안과 후속연구에 대하여 제언하였다. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among learning organization culture, principals’instructional leadership, school satisfaction teachers percieved culture, and the participation of instructional school effectiveness. To pursue it, we used the panel data and analyzed the relationship between intercept and slope of principals’ leadership, teachers’ culture, and school effectiveness through the latent growth model analysis method. The results of the study are as follow. First, teachers’ learning organizational culture and instructional leadership of principal influenced school satisfaction, and also the school satisfaction improve positively the teachers’ participation of instructional improvement activities in the middle school in Seoul. Second, the school satisfaction was significant mediator between school teachers perceived and their participation in instructional improvement activities. Third, the school satisfaction was also a mediator between instructional leadership of principal and the activities of instructional improvement. Based on the findings, the study suggests several implications for practical interventions and future limitation were outlined.

기업재직자의 조직공정성, 조직지원인식, 직무배태성 및 조직몰입 간 구조적 관계

박효인,김효선 한국인력개발학회 2024 HRD연구 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationships among organizational justice, perceived organizational support, job embeddedness, and organizational commitment, and to verify the mediating effects of perceived organizational support and job embeddedness. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, survey data were collected from employee of various business organizations with at least one year of work experience among domestic corporate employees. To test the research hypotheses, Structural equation modeling and mediation analysis were conducted using AMOS 24.0 program. Based on the analysis, the following research findings were obtained. First, the distributive, procedural, and interactional justice had a positive impact on perceived organizational support and job embeddedness, with procedural justice being the most effective factor. Second, the mediating effect of job embeddedness was confirmed in the relationship between distributive justice and procedural justice and organizational commitment, Third, in the relationship between distributive, procedural, and interactional justice and organizational commitment, the positive double-mediation of perceived organizational support and job embeddedness was verified. Based on the research results, we presented theoretical and practical suggestions and future research tasks to increase organzaitonal commitment through the perceived organizational support and job embeddedness.

A study on the bi-aspect procedure with location and scale parameters (Short Title: Bi-aspect procedure)

박효일,김주성 국가통계연구원 2012 통계연구 Vol.17 No.1

In this research we propose a new nonparametric test based on the bi-aspect procedure. We consider the hypothesis which deals with the location and scale parameters simultaneously and propose a new test statistic by choosing a suitable combining function. Then we consider to obtain the p-values by applying the permutation principle. We compare the efficiency among the combining functions by obtaining empirical powers through a simulation study. Then we discuss some interesting results in our procedure as concluding remarks.