고지방식이와 streptozotocin으로 유도된 당뇨 생쥐에서 β-glucan이 첨가된 보리숙면의 혈당조절과 면역력증진 효과

박충무 ( Park Chungmu ),윤현서 ( Yoon Hyunseo ) 대한통합의학회 2018 대한통합의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Purpose : This study was designed to examine the blood glucose control and increase immunity effects of β-glucan added cooked barley noodle in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mice with a high-fat diet. Method : Forty-eight male ICR mice (6-week-old) were fed AIN-93 diet for 4 weeks. Mice were divided into six groups: normal, diabetic, cooked barley noodle, β-glucan (5 %) control and two experimental groups (β-glucan 2.5 % and 5 %, cooked barley noodle contained diet with β-glucan 2.5 % and 5 % w/w). Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (150 mg/㎏). Result : Blood glucose level was significantly decreased in groups consuming cooked barley noodles, but no significant difference was exhibited in diabetic and β-glucan control group. These results were in accordance with the result of oral glucose tolerance test. Blood interfereon (IFN)-γ was measured in order to identify increase immunity effect of β-glucan in diabetic mice. Inhibited IFN-γ concentration was recovered in cooked barley noodle and β-glucan control group. Moreover, IFN-γ concentration was dramatically elevated in β-glucan contained cooked barley noodle groups in a dose dependent manner. Streptozotocin induced AST and ALT activities were decreased in β-glucan contained cooked barley noodle groups with a strong lipid lowering effect. Conclusion : Although addition of β-glucan did not give any significant synergistic effect on cooked barley noodle in blood glucose regulation, suppressed IFN-γ production by STZ was dramatically enhanced by β-glucan supplementation in a dose dependent manner. Liver function and blood lipid profile were also in accordance with the increase immunity effect of β-glucan. Consequently, β-glucan added cooked barley noodle can be consumed as good diets for patients with chronic diseases with reduced immunity.

Streptococcus mutans 대한 Lavender와 Peppermint Oil의 항균효과

박충무 ( Chung Mu Park ),윤현서 ( Hyun Seo Yoon ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2018 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.42 No.4

Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to verify the antibacterial activity of two essential oils, lavender and peppermint, against dental caries and to review their synergistic effect when used in combination. Our results provide basic data for the evaluation of the use of these two substances towards the prevention and cure of dental caries. Methods: The sample solutions of lavender and peppermint oils were prepared in three different concentrations (30%, 50%, and 70% (v/v)) by diluting them with third-distilled water and Tween 20. Streptococcus mutans was selected as the bacterial species for testing. The disk diffusion method was used to measure the antibacterial activity of the sample solutions. For generating growth curves and measuring the number of clusters of the bacterial, the liquid medium-dilution method was used; the absorbance of the medium was measured at 600 nm after 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Results: When the antibacterial activity of the oils was tested via the disk diffusion method, the activity improved with increasing concentrations of all the sample solutions of peppermint, lavender, and the blend, but there was no significant difference between them with respect to the type of oil. In the growth curves of S. mutans, growth inhibition was observed after 12 hours. The inhibitory effect of 30% lavender oil on growth was 64.9% and 80.1% after 12 and 24 hours of treatment, respectively whereas that of peppermint oil was 71.3% and 80.1% after 12 and 24 hours of treatment, respectively. The inhibitory effect of the blended oil was 71.9% and 81.0% after 12 and 24 hours of treatment, respectively. Conclusions: Further research is still required in order to determine the efficacy of lavender and peppermint oils, as well as other essential oils, for wider use in preventing dental caries.

Litsea cubeba (May Chang) Essential Oil의 Streptococcus mutans와 Porphyromonas gingivalis에 대한 항균효과

박충무(Chung-Mu Park),윤현서(Hyun-Seo Yoon) 한국구강보건과학회 2023 한국구강보건과학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Objectives: This study analyzed the antibacterial effects of Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCEO) against both Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. Methods: Antibacterial activity of LCEO was analyzed by minimum inhibition concentration on bacterial growth, disk diffusion and growth inhibitory assays. In addition, growth inhibitory effect of LCEO was also evaluated by biofilm formation assay. Results: LCEO significantly inhibited growth of S. mutans and P. gingivalis in a dose dependent manner. In addition, these results were coincided with the result of biofilm formation assay. Conclusions: LCEO exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both pathogens, which provides that LCEO might be used as a potential candidate for oral healthcare supplies.

성인여성들의 스트레스 정도에 따른 구강증상자각여부

박충무(Chung-Mu Park),윤현서(Hyun-Seo Yoon) 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2018 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.8 No.9

본 연구는 2016년 12월부터 4개월간 일부지역 성인여성을 대상으로 스트레스지수와 구강자각증상과의 관련성을 알아보고 구강자각증상완화를 위한 방안을 모색하기 위한 기초자료로 삼고자 한다. 스트레스 수준은 20대, 대학졸업이상의 학력에서, 대학생에서 높았으나, 기혼, 음주를 하지 않는 경우, 농촌지역 거주 여성에서 스트레스 수준이 낮았다. 연령이 증가하고, 학력이 낮고, 자영업, 기혼에서 구강자각증상 인지 수준이 높았으며, 농촌지역, 흡연, 음주를 하지 않는 경우에 구강자극수준이 높았다. 스트레스가 높으면 입술에서는 입술이나 입술주위에 물집 형성(p=0.022), 볼 파임증상(p=0.043), 입술껍질 벗겨지고 피가 났으며(p=0.022), 혀에서는 혀의 통증(p=0.023), 미각장애(p=0.011), 혀의 갈라짐이 나타났다(p=0.005). 치아와 잇몸에서는 치아통증(p<0.001), 이 악물기와 이갈이(p=0.001)가 나타났고, 턱관절에서는 소리와 통증(p<0.001), 두통이 자주 나타났다(p<0.001). 따라서 스트레스로 인하여 구강 내 통증의 발생을 완화하기 위해서는 비타민섭취와 정기적 구강검진, 타액유출량 증가를 위한 입체조 등을 제안할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the stress index and perceived oral symptoms of adult women in some regions for four months from December, 2016, and to provide information on how to relieve perceived oral symptoms. As for stress level, the women who were in their 20s, who had college or higher degrees and who were college students were under heavier stress, and the women who were married, who didn t drink and who resided in rural areas were less stressed. More perceived oral symptoms were found in the older, less-educated, self-employed and married women, and there were less perceived oral symptoms in the respondents who dwelled in rural regions, who didn t drink and who didn t smoke. When there was heavier stress, the lip symptoms that accompanied it were blisters on or around the lips(p=0.022), dipped cheeks(p=0.043) and peeled lips or lip bleeding(p=0.022), and the tongue symptoms were tongue pain(p=0.023), dysgeusis(p=0.011) and chapped tongue(p=0.005). The tooth and gingival symptoms were toothache(p<0.001) and clenching/gnashing(p=0.001). The temporomandibular joint symptoms were sounding and pain(p<0.001), and frequent headaches took place(p<0.001). Accordingly, vitamin intake, regular oral checkups and oral exercise that can facilitate salivating could be suggested as ways to minimize the occurrence of oral pains caused by stress.

Streptococcus mutans와 Porphyromonas gingivalis에 대한 상백피(Morus alba root bark) 에탄올 추출물의 항균 효과

박충무(Chung Mu Park),윤현서(Hyun-Seo Yoon) 한국차학회 2023 한국차학회지 Vol.29 No.4

본 연구는 구강질환을 유발하는 대표적인 두 균주인 Streptococcus mutans와 Porphyromonas gingivalis에대한 상백피 에탄올 추출물(MAEE)의 항균 활성을 분석하였다. Griess reaction과 WST-1 assay를 통해lipopolysaccharide (LPS)로 자극한 생쥐대식세포인 RAW 264.7 세포에서 MAEE의 nitric oxide (NO) 억제 및 세포독성 효과를 분석하였다. 그리고 디스크 확산법, 최소억제농도(minimum inhibition concentration, MIC), 최소살균농도(minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC), 성장억제 효과 분석을 통해 MAEE의 항균활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 MAEE는 LPS로 자극한 RAW 264.7 세포에서 세포독성없이 농도 의존적으로 NO 생성을 억제하였다. 그리고 MAEE는 강력한 항균 활성을 나타냈는데, 100 mg/mL의 MAEE는 S. mutans와 P. gingivalis에 대해 각각 13.94 mm와 15.65 mm의 clear zone을 형성하는 것으로 보다 MAEE는 P. gingivalis보다 S. mutans에 더강한 항균활성을 보이는 것으로 생각된다. 그리고, S. mutans와 P. gingivalis의 MIC는 각각 0.4 mg/mL와 0.4~0.8 mg/mL였고, 두 병원균의 MBC는 각각 0.4 mg/mL와 0.8 mg/mL로 나타났다. 또한 MAEE 처리는 두 병원균의성장을 유의하게 억제하였으나 농도 의존적이지는 않았다. 특히, 24시간동안 MAEE를 처리한 S. mutans의OD600이 3.2 mg/mL에서 0.146인 반면 대조군의 흡광도는 0.509를 보였다. 그리고 같은 용량의 MAEE 처리된 P.gingivalis를 24시간 동안 배양했을 때 대조군의 흡광도 0.486 대비 0.154로 나타나 강한 성장억제효과를 보였다.결론적으로, MAEE는 두 구강 내 병원균에 대해 강력한 항균 활성을 보였으며, MAEE는 P. gingivalis보다 S.mutans에 대해 더 강력한 항균 활성을 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 상백피는다양한 형태로 가공하여 음용 시 항당뇨, 고혈압, 콜레스테롤 개선 외에도 본 연구를 통해 치아우식증과 치주질환의 예방 및 치료제로 활용 가능성을 검증하였기에 상백피의 차로 활용성을 높인 것으로 생각된다. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Morus alba root bark (MAEE) against two critical oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The Griess reaction and WST-1 assays were used to analyze the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of MAEE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The antibacterial activity of MAEE was evaluated using a disk diffusion assay and a growth inhibition assay by determining minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). MAEE treatment dose-dependently inhibited NO production and had no cytotoxic effect on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, MAEE exhibited potent antibacterial activity and more potently generated a clear zone in the presence of S. mutans than P. gingivalis. The MICs of MAEE for S.mutans and P. gingivalis were 0.4 and 0.4~0.8 mg/mL, and its MBCs were 0.4 and 0.8 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, MAEE significantly inhibited the growths of both pathogens, but no dose-dependency was observed. The OD600 of S. mutans treated with MAEE at 3.2 mg/mL for 24 h was 0.146 compared to a control OD600 of 0.509. Absorbance at 600 nm for P. gingivalis treated with MAEE at 3.2 mg/mL for 24 h was 0.154 compared to a control OD600 of 0.486. In conclusion, MAEE showed potent antibacterial activity against both oral pathogens but affected S.mutans stronger than P. gingivalis. The study indicates that MAEE might help prevent dental caries and periodontal diseases.

D-Galactosamine으로 유발된 간손상에 대한 민들레 열수추출물의 예방효과

박충무(Chung-Mu Park),박충무(Chung-Mu Park),김진주(Jin-Ju Kim),송영선(Young-Sun Song) 한국식품영양과학회 2008 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.37 No.2

본 연구에서는 실험동물에 민들레 열수추출물 식이를 급여한 후, GalN으로 간손상을 유발함으로써 그 예방효과를 혈액중의 생화학적 변화 및 간조직의 효소적인 변동을 통해서 규명하고자 하였다. GalN의 투여로 현저히 증가하였던 AST, ALT의 활성은 민들레 열수추출물 투여로 억제되었으나 군간의 차이는 보이지 않았고 ALP의 활성과 TBARS 함량은 3%의 추출물을 급여한 군에서 유의적인 감소를 보였다. GalN의 투여로 현격하게 높아졌던 혈중 TNF-α의 농도 또한 감소하는 경향을 확인하였으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. GalN의 투여로 억제되었던 catalase, GSH-reductase, Mn-SOD의 활성은 민들레 추출물 투여로 유의적인 회복이 관찰되었으나 GSH-px의 활성은 그 경향만을 확인할 수 있었다. 조직 검경을 통해 민들레 열수추출물의 간염 예방효과를 확인한 결과 GalN으로 인해 유발된 광범위한 간세포의 괴사와 변성, 지방변성 등이 민들레 열수추출물식이로 다소 감소하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 민들레 열수추출물은 AST, ALT와 ALP의 활성 및 산화적 스트레스를 감소시키고 활성산소 해독계에 관여하는 효소의 활성을 증가시킴으로써 GalN으로 인한 간 손상을 예방하는 것으로 사료된다. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of dandelion water extract (DWE) on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine (GalN) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty rats were divided into 5 groups; normal control (C), DWE-control (DWE-C: saline injection after feeding 3% DWE diet), GalN-control (GalN-C: GalN injection after normal diet), DWE Ⅰ (GalN injection after feeding 1.5% DWE diet), and DWE Ⅱ (GalN injection after feeding 3% DWE diet). After 2 weeks, the acute hepatitis was induced by GalN (650 mg/kg, i.p.) and 24 hrs later, all rats were sacrificed. The DWE supplement ameliorated the serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, ALT) as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Hepatic antioxidative enzyme activities, such as catalase, GSH peroxidase, GSH reductase, and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) were slightly or significantly elevated by the treatment of DWE. Moreover, the histological examination corresponded with these biochemical observations. According to these findings, dandelion could be used as a potential therapeutic material for treating chemically induced acute hepatitis.

일부 지역 대학생의 구강관리행태에 따른 구취 인식수준

박충무(Chung-Mu Park),윤현서(Hyun-Seo Yoon) 한국구강보건과학회 2021 한국구강보건과학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Objectives: This study aims to analyze oral care for college students and prepare a plan for alleviating halitosis based on this. Methods: For college students, online and offline surveys were conducted on oral care and halitosis awareness level, and the final 463 copies were statistically analyzed. Results: As a result of this study, the recognition rate of bad breath was low in the case of regular oral examinations accompanied by brushing and scaling, and when using oral care products and brushing teeth before bedtime, the recognition rate of bad breath was low. Conclusions: Oral health care including regular oral examinations and scaling is necessary, which will help to improve social adaptability and further improve quality of life.

부산지역 성인남성들의 구강보건교육경험과 정기검진 유무에 따른 구강건강관리 행태

박충무(Chung-Mu Park),윤현서(Hyun-Seo Yoon) 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2018 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.8 No.8

본 연구는 2017년 6월부터 4개월간 부산지역 20대 이상 성인남성을 대상으로 구강보건교육과 정기검진 경험에 따른 구강건강관리행태를 알아보기 위하여 설문조사를 실시하여 최종 324명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 일반적 특성에 따른 정기검진 유무에서는 연령에서는 40대에서 가장 많았고(p=0.022), 음주 후 칫솔질을 하지 않는 군에서 정기검진을 하는 것으로 나타났다(p=0.024). 구강보건교육경험 (p=0.031)과 정기검진(p<0.001)을 하는 경우에 최근내원 시기를 물었을 때 1년 내 방문비율이 높았고, 정기검진을 받는 경우 스켈링을 처치(p<0.001), 충치치료(p<0.001)와 같이 중하지 않은 지료를 받는 비율이 높았다. 구강보건교육경험이 있는 경우 칫솔질 방법에서 전문가의 조언에 따랐으며(p=0.029), 치실 사용(p<0.001)하였고, 정기검진을 받는 경우에도 치실을 사용하였다(p=0.022). 따라서 구강보건교육 경험과 정기검진을 받는 경우 올바른 구강건강관리 행태를 보였고, 구강관리용품사용 하는 것으로 나타나 다양한 교육의 기회를 마련하고 정기검진률을 높이기 위한 방안을 마련한다면 전반적인 구강건강증진과 삶의 질 향상에 도움이 되리라 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health care behaviors of male adults aged 20 and up in the region of Busan according to their oral health education experience and experience of receiving regular checkups by conducting a survey on 324 selected men for four months from June, 2017. As for the implementation of regular checkups by general characteristics including age, the respondents who were in their 40s received the most regular checkups(p=0.022), and the respondent group that didn t brush their teeth after drinking received regular checkups(p=0.024). As a result of asking when was the last time they visited dental clinics, many of the respondents who had oral health education experience(p=0.031) and who received regular checkups(p<0.001) did that over the past year, and many of the respondents who got regular checkups received minor treatments such as scaling(p<0.001) or dental caries treatment(p<0.001). The respondents who had received oral health education followed an expert advice as to toothbrushing method (p=0.029) and made use of dental floss(p<0.001), and the respondents who received regular checkups also used dental floss(p=0.022). Thus, the respondents who had oral health education experience and who received regular checkups took care of their oral health in the right way and made use of oral health supplies. Therefore it is expected to improve overall oral health and the quality of life if various educational opportunities are provided and if it is carefully considered how the implementation rate of regular checkups can be increased.

Fortified Antioxidative Potential by Chrysoeriol through the Regulation of the Nrf2/MAPK-mediated HO-1 Signaling Pathway in RAW 264.7 Cells

Chung Mu Park(박충무) 한국생명과학회 2018 생명과학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Chrysoeriol은 alfalfa에서 주로 발견되는, 식물계에 많이 분포하고 있는 flavone으로 전통의학에서 소화불량, 천식, 비뇨기계 이상의 치료에 사용되어 왔다. 최근의 연구에서는 항염증 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으나 항산화효과에 대한 분석은 없었다. 본 연구에서는 chrysoeriol의 항산화 효과와 그 분자적 기전을 RAW 264.7 cell에서 세포생존율, reactive oxygen species (ROS)와 Western blot분석을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. Chrysoeriol은 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)에 의해 발생한 ROS를 세포독성없이 농도의존적으로 제거하였다. 그리고 항산화효과를 보이는 2상 효소 중 하나인 heme oxygenase (HO)-1의 발현을 강하게 유도하였고, 그와 동시에 전사인자인 Nrf2의 핵내 이동도 촉진하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 특히, 산화스트레스에 대한 세포내 산화환원항상성 유지에 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 알려진 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)와 phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)의 분석결과, chrysoeriol은 extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)와 p38의 인산화를 통해 HO-1의 발현을 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. HO-1에 의한 항산화 효과를 확인하기 위하여 chrysoeriol을 전처리한 후 t-BHP에 의한 산화 스트레스에 세포를 노출시킨 결과, chrysoeriol 처리에 의해 세포사멸이 줄어드는 것을 확인하였고, HO-1의 유도제와 억제제의 처리에 따라 세포생존율 또한 조절되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, chrysoeriol은 HO-1의 발현을 유도하여 항산화 효과를 높이고 이것은 Nrf2/MAPK 신호전달 체계에 의한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Chrysoeriol is a widespread flavone, and it is usually found in alfalfa, which has been used as a traditional medicine to treat dyspepsia, asthma, and urinary system disorders. Recently, analysis has been conducted on the anti-inflammatory activity of chrysoeriol, but information on its antioxidative capacity is limited. In this study, the antioxidative potential of chrysoeriol against oxidative damage and its molecular mechanisms were evaluated by analysis of the cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and Western blots in the RAW 264.7 cell line. Chrysoeriol significantly scavenged lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intracellular ROS formation in a dose-dependent manner, without any cytotoxicity. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a phase II enzyme that exerts antioxidative activity, was also potently induced by chrysoeriol treatment, which corresponded to the translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) were analyzed due to their important role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis against oxidative stress. As a result, chrysoeriol-induced HO-1 upregulation was mediated by extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 phosphorylation. To identify the antioxidative potential exerted by HO-1, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage was applied and mitigated by chrysoeriol treatment, which was confirmed by the HO-1 selective inhibitor and inducer, respectively. Consequently, chrysoeriol strongly strengthened the HO-1-mediated antioxidative potential through the regulation of the Nrf2/MAPK signaling pathways.

치주염 동물모델을 이용한 해조류의 항염증 효과

윤현서(Hyun-Seo Yoon),박충무(Chung-Mu Park) 한국구강보건과학회 2020 한국구강보건과학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Objectives: This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of four kinds of seaweeds (Ecklonia cava, Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, and Gelidium amansii) in the RAW 264.7 cell line and in a mouse model of periodontitis. Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of prepared ethanol extracts of the seaweeds was screened in the RAW 264.7 cell line. A diet containing 5% of each seaweed was administered to the mice for 2 weeks, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection into the periodontal tissue to induce inflammation. Nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed by the Griess reaction and expression of inflammatory marker proteins was determined by western blotting. Results: All four ethanol extracts inhibited NO production in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. In addition, all four seaweed extracts inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions in periodontal tissues of LPS-injected C57BL/6 mice. The mouse group administered U. pinnatifida ethanol extract (UPEE) showed the strongest anti-inflammatory response. Conclusions: The four seaweeds, E. cava, S. japonica, U. pinnatifida, and G. amansii, all exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in both the RAW 264.7 cell line and the LPS-induced periodontitic mouse model. UPEE showed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity. These seaweeds might be promising candidates for alleviating periodontal inflammation. Further research is needed to confirm their effectiveness as preventive agents for periodontal disease.