업무상 과로나 스트레스로 인한 자살과 업무상 재해

박창범 경희대학교 법학연구소 2016 경희법학 Vol.51 No.4

As society becomes changed and specialized rapidly, excessive workload and job stress generate overwork-related mental illnesses in many workers. However, when the workers are deprived of their company or society’s help, they often end up choosing an extreme decision of committing suicide after all. Meanwhile, the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (IACIA) and the judicial precedents allow insurance benefits only when there is considerable causality between their work and suicide. That’s why many workers cannot get proper compensation all the time due to their strict criteria. Therefore, we investigated many clinical studies related to excessive work- or stress-related suicides. In previous clinical studies, low control and high demands at work is significant risk factors for suicide. Other study showed that the simple self-perceived assessment of stress at home and at work was predictive of suicide in mild aged women. Among cases of work-related suicides, none of them had a history of psychiatric consultation or had received mental health education dealing with job stress management. About 50% people saw a general practitioner because of unspecified somatic complaints such as shoulder pain, headache, diarrhea, constipation and so on. These clinical studies shows different results compared to current criteria of IACIA and, furthermore, these results favor individual standards rather than average people when the judicial tests decide whether job stress or overwork is related to suicide or not. I think that IACIA and judicial tests need to reflect these clinical results in near future. 최근 한국에서 과다한 업무량과 직무스트레스와 관련되어 자살하는 숫자가 증가함에 따라 산업재해로 신청하는 경우도 급속히 늘고 있다. 현재 산재보험법과 판례는 과로나 스트레스와 관련된 자살에 대하여 업무상 재해로 인정하는데 각각 다른 기준을 가지고 있다. 하지만 이 기준이 과학적으로 합당한 것인지에 대해서는 현재까지 연구된 바 없다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 직무와 관련된 과로나 스트레스와 자살과의 관련성에 대한 임상연구들에 대한 문헌고찰을 시행하였다. 결과적으로 직무에 대한 결정권한이 없거나 낮은 직업을 가진 경우 및 높은 정신적인 스트레스를 요구하는 직업을 가진 경우 자살률이 유의하게 높았다. 또한 객관적인 스트레스 양과 상관없이 당사자가 주관적으로 스트레스를 받는다고 생각하는 경우에도 자살률이 높았다. 마지막으로 자살을 시도한 사람들은 자살전 정신건강의학과 의사의 진료를 본 경우는 거의 없는 반면, 상당수가 두통이나 어깨통증, 설사, 변비, 허리통증 등과 같은 비특이적인 증상을 호소하였고 이런 증상으로 인하여 다른 과의 진료를 보는 경향이 있다고 보고하였다. 이 결과들은 현재 산재보험법 업무상 재해기준과 상당히 다른 양상을 보이며 판례에서의 상당인과관계의 기준으로 해당 근로자의 주관적 상황을 고려하여야 한다는 기준이 좀더 합당하게 보인다. 따라서 현재의 자살과 관련된 업무상 재해 여부를 결정하는 법령 및 판례의 기준에 대한 재검토가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

운동선수의 처벌대상행동 통제용이성과 체벌수용과의 관계

박창범,엄상현 한국스포츠리서치 2006 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.17 No.3

개천절 일자(日字)와 단군조선 개국년도 문제 고찰과 제언

박창범,Park, Changbom 한국천문학회 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.1

The National Foundation Day of Korea (개천절, 開天節) is currently celebrated on October 3 in Gregorian calendar. We review the history of dating the National Foundation Day of Korea and make a suggestion that it be celebrated on October 3 in the lunar calendar. We present numerous historical records on heaven-worship rites supporting the date October 3 in the lunar calendar. It is pointed out that October 3 in the solar calendar has been adopted in 1949 by the National Assembly with the thought that the lunar calendar is inferior and behind the times. The thought originates from misunderstanding on the value of the lunar calendar and from the ignorance of importance of history and tradition. Since there are now many national holidays that follow the lunar calendar, the logic of the National Assembly in 1949 also makes no sense. We emphasize that the lunar calendar should be followed for the National Foundation Day of Korea for its historical and symbolic characteristics restoration. We also investigate the year of the foundation of the first country of Korea, Dangun Joseon. It is found that even though the majority of the literature before late 15th century recorded the beginning year of Dangun Joseon dynasty to be equal to that of Liao Dynasty (堯), it was accidentally changed to the 25th year of Liao Dynasty in 1484 through a misinterpretation of the previous records. We claim that the beginning year of Dangun Joseon should be set to that of Liao Dynasty as recorded in the original literature in the earlier days. According to the two main opinions accepted by Korea, the beginning year of Liao Dynasty was 2357 B.C. or 2333 B.C., which correspond to the year of Gap-Jin (the 41st year of the sexagenary cycle) or Mu-Jin (the 4th year of the sexagenary cycle), respectively.

A Typology of Nasal Harmony in Constraint-based Grammar

박창범 한국중원언어학회 2012 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.22

The purpose of this study is to account for cross-linguistic variation of nasal harmony within the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993). This study focuses on the distribution of opaque segments to nasal harmony. According to Walker’s (1998) survey, nasal harmony can be classified into six types regarding opaque segments: (i) no opaque segments, (ii) opaque plosives, (iii) opaque fricatives, (iv) opaque liquids, (v) opaque glides, and (vi) no nasal harmony. The classification is closely related to hierarchical compatibility of nasalization. In addition, opaque segments imply subcategories in sonority scale. In order to account for the properties, the previous approach needs arbitrary fixed ranking, called Hierarchical Markedness Constraints. This study proposes Sonority-Referring Markedness to Nasality, adopting Scale-Referring Constraints (de Lacy 2002), without any arbitrary stipulation to constraint rankings. This study shows that our approach is superior to the previous one in accounting for cross-linguistic variation of opaque segments in nasal harmony.

남한지역의 바위구멍 조사 연구

박창범,임효제,이인성,양홍진,김일권,이진민,손부영,임충환 한국암각화학회 2003 한국암각화연구 Vol.4 No.-

We have surveyed the dolmens in South Korea which are reported to have cup marks in previous survey reports. Even though the reports are not completely recording existence of cup marks in many cases, we have found 306 locations of dolmens with marks, 7 locations of menhirs with marks, and 23 locations where the so-called 5 star or 7 star stones are reported. Among these locations we have made actual field surveys mainly to Gyung -Sang and Gyung -Gee Provinces where dolmens with marks are found to be more concentrated. Among over 500 dolmens surveyed, 111 dolmens are found to have marks on the upper surface of the cover stone. We have measured their longitude and latitude positions, astronomical directions of the major axis of the cover stone and the location of cup marks relative to the center of the top surface. The analysis is under progress using the compiled data. The initial study indicates that there is a significant trend in the cup mark direction appearing toward the south-east direction. Some of the cup marks resemble the well-known constellations like, the Ursa Major (Big Dipper), the Pleiades cluster, etc.

2002 한국ㆍ일본 월드컵 경기에서 나타난 징크스 분석

박창범,송은주,임수원 한국레저스포츠학회 2003 한국레저스포츠학회지 Vol.7 No.-

음운문법의 수의성과 전이 양상에 대한 최적성 이론적 분석: 한국어 화자의 영어와 한국어 비음-유음 연쇄 발음을 중심으로

박창범 한국중앙영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학연구 Vol.53 No.1

In Korean, either nasalization or lateralization occurs to avoid nasal- liquid sequences. However, the choice depends on the lexical items. For example, some words like /shinlaŋ/ ‘husband’ undergo lateralization resulting in [shillaŋ], whereas others like /ɨmunlon/ ‘phonology’ undergo nasalization resulting in [ɨmunnon]. According to Lee (2006), nasalization occurs when nasal and liquid sounds appear across the morpheme boundary. Thus, /ɨmun+lon/ causes nasalization instead of lateralization. Then, how are English words including nasal-liquid sequence pronounced by Korean speakers? To answer this question, this study examines the pronunciation of 10 Korean female middle-school students about nasal- liquid sequence found in both Korean and English. The result of the experiment exhibits some aspects: (i) nasal-liquid sequences are actually pronounced as various ways according to speaker’s recognition of each lexical item, (ii) such optionality of Korean words is consistently transferred into English, (iii) ungrammatical processes in Korean such as deletion or insertion to avoid nasal-liquid sequence never occur in English pronunciation as well. This study provides explicit account for such aspects by adopting optional lexical indexation (Park 2008b) within the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993, McCarthy & Prince 1995). In addition, this study shows that optional lexical indexation is superior to the previous approach of constraints re-ranking in accounting for phonological optionality and transfer.

업무상 과로나 스트레스로 인한 심뇌혈관 질환과 업무상 재해

박창범 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2017 외법논집 Vol.41 No.2

In recent years, the number of overwork or stress-related death or cerebrocardiovascular disease (CCVD) is rapidly increasing. In June 2013, the Employment and Labor Ministry released updated criteria for the recognition of occupational CCVD according to Schedule 3 of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (IACIA) which suggests overwork as average of 60 hours a week for 12 weeks, average of 64 hours for 4 weeks, or the amount of work or time increase more than 30 percent greater than day-to-day operation of the case definition. However, reference to the standards of IACIA seems to be very harsh. At the same time, they are not scientifically proven. Therefore, we investigated many clinical studies related to excessive work- or stress-related CCVD. In previous studies, overwork is related to the increase of the incidence of CCVD which included less than 60 hours in a week. Furthermore, employees who experience work-related acute, subacute, and chronic stress can act trigger of cardiac events. Overall, the author insists that there is a lack of scientific evidence in the criteria of current Enforcement Decree of the industrial accident compensation insurance act (IACIA), and, therefore, the amendment is necessary. Judicial case is currently considered the current Enforcement Decree to a mere reference and seems to more lenient and interpret meaning of ‘proper casual relationship’ of overwork to be ‘joint cause’, ‘relative dominant cause’, or ‘the casual relationship which does not dement the proof of clear medical cause. But the problem is that those criteria are ambiguous and arbitrary. The author insists that both of individual standard or average people is inappropriate when judicial tests decide whether job stress or overwork is related to CCVD and other alternative approach is needed. 최근 한국에서 과다한 업무량과 직무스트레스와 관련하여 과로사나 심뇌혈관으로 고통받고 있는숫자가 급격히 증가하였고 이에 따라 산업재해로 신청하는 경우도 급속히 늘고 있다. 하지만 현재까지과로나 스트레스와 관련된 심뇌혈관질환을 업무상 재해로 인정하는 법률과 판례가 과학적으로 합당한것인 지에 대하여 현재까지 연구된 바 없다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 과로 및 스트레스와 심뇌혈관질환과 관련된 임상연구들을 문헌고찰하여 현재의 업무상 재해의 인정기준이 과학적으로 합리적이고 타당한 지에 대하여 비교분석하였다. 결과적으로 여러 임상연구들에서 표준근로시간보다 과도한 근로시간은 심뇌혈관질환의 유병률을 그 정도에 비례하여 증가시킨다고 보고하였다. 특히 현재 고용노동부 고시에서 정하고 있는 주 평균 60시간 이하의 근로시간에서도 유의하게 심뇌혈관질환의 유병률이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 업무와 관련된 급성, 아급성 및 만성 스트레스도 심뇌혈관질환의 증가와 관련이 있었다고 보고하였다. 하지만 발병 일주일 전 일상 업무의 증가가 뇌심혈관질환의 유병률의 증가와 관련이 있는지 여부를 검증한 논문은 확인할 수 없었다. 현재까지의 여러 연구결과를 종합한다면현재 업무상 재해 인정과 관련하여 산업재해보상보험법 시행령 및 고용노동부 고시에서 제시하고 있는 기준은 과학적 근거가 부족하며 따라서 현재의 연구결과와 합당하게 개정이 필요하다고 생각한다. 결론적으로 여러 임상연구 결과들을 바탕으로 현재의 과다한 업무량이나 직무상 스트레스와 관련된업무상 재해 여부를 결정하는 법령의 기준에 대한 재검토가 필요할 것으로 생각한다. 주제어: 업무상 재해, 스트레스, 과로사, 심뇌혈관질환* 경희대학교

우주론의 최근동향

박창범 한국천문학회 2000 天文學會報 Vol.25 No.2

A Sub-1V Full CMOS Bandgap Voltage Reference with a Body Bias

박창범,안경찬,임신일 대한전자공학회 2017 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.17 No.5

In this paper, a low-power sub-1V bandgap voltage reference(sub-BGR) without any resistors and BJTs is presented. To reduce process variations without bipolar junction transistors(BJTs), a weighted Vgs structure is modified with a body bias for the generation of both complementary-to-absolute-temperature(CTAT) voltage and proportional-to-absolute-temperature(PTAT) voltage. Moreover, the proposed sub-BGR is operated in subthreshold region to minimize the power consumption. The proposed sub-BGR is implemented with a 0.18 μm deep N-well (DNW) CMOS technology. The measured results show that the temperature variation of 55ppm/°C is obtained with a temperature range from -40°C to 80°C. The power supply rejection ratio(PSRR) of -44 dB at 100 Hz is achieved while consuming total power of 38 nW at the supply voltage of 0.8 V. Measured output reference voltage is 435 mV and the active area is 150 μm by 49 μm.