朝鮮前期 鄕規와 鄕規約考

박익환 한국사학회 1984 史學硏究 Vol.- No.38

피고경정제도에 관한 고찰

박익환 한국민사소송법학회 2013 민사소송 Vol.17 No.2

Das koreanische Zivilprozessrecht weiss den Wechsel der beklagten Partei. Hierfür bedeutet der Wechsel eine Art vom gewillkürten Parteiwechsel. Der Wechsel der beklagten Partei ist von der Berichtigung der Partei(Beklagte) bezeichnung zu unterscheiden: es ist entscheidend, ob die Prozesspartei im Prozessrechtsverhältnis bleiben oder eine andere in ihrer Stelle. Bevor der Parteiwechsel ins Gesetz eingeführt worden ist, haben die Versprechungen in Korea durch die erweiternden Anwendung der Berichtigung der Parteibezeichnung ihn bejaht. Die koreanische Zivilprozessordnung hat den Parteiwechsel teilweise kodifiziert. Danach braucht die koreanische Versprechung die Richtigstellungstheorie der Parteibezeichnung näher anzuwenden. Nach wie vor ist der Parteibegriff formell. Die Bestimmung der Partei soll den formelle Parteibegriff nicht beeinträchtigen. Insoweit der Kläger den falschen Beklagte verklagt hat, kann der Kläger den falschen Beklagte gegen den richtigen austauschen. Die bisherige Berichtingstheorie darf nicht dazu missbraucht, eine nicht geklagte Person zu bevorteilen. Die Theorie scheint begrenzt in den Fällen von ‘Bezeichnungsfehler, -irrtum’, ‘Parteiunfähige oder ‘Nicht-Existenz der bezeichneten Partei’ anzuwenden. Der kodifizierte Partei(Beklagte)wechsel ist viel positiver anzuwenden. Wir hoffen eine zusätzliche Rolle von der Versprechung und der Gesetzgebung.

데이터베이스 제작자의 법적 보호 : 현행 저작권법의 해석을 중심으로

朴益煥 한국지식재산학회 2004 産業財産權 Vol.- No.15

This article is trying to interprete database provider protection clauses under the current Korean Copyright Act. In 2002 revision, the Korean Copyright Act gives some exclusive rights to database producer. The protection, notwithstanding creativity standard to enjoy copyright as a compilation work, requires that a database has been substantially invested in its production and the investment substantially exploited without authorization. That right can be characterized as a sui-generis right with property rule. We can categorize the right to a neighbouring right such as the right of a performer, a phonogram producer or a broadcasting entity. Comparatively, the Korean Online Digital Contents Act, gives digital contents provider a protection oriented in unfair competition. Usually, the contents producer can be the database producer under the Copyright Act at the same time. Database provider in Korea can enjoy more powerful rights through Copyright Act. Meanings of the property rule regulation is to analyse in database protection. Just like European Union, the Korean attitude can be anticipated effectively to give incentive to the database industry. However, some opinions severely criticize the protection of database producer by property rule to be too much oriented for the right holder, They say the protection gives too much protection to the database producer, in comparison with the general public. Furthermore, they tell that the database protection has no good, because the "substantial" reqruirement is too ambiguous. However, this is too early a time, to assess the Korean Act's revision. The Korean law seems to accept the European Union's Database Directive completely. Therefore, E.U's experience will help Koreans in the future. The Korean Act will be interpreted to strike a good balance between database producer and general public.

재량에 기한 손해배상액의 산정

박익환 민사판례연구회 2010 民事判例硏究 Vol.- No.32

대상판결은 상위법령으로부터 위임받았으나 군법무관의 보수를 정하지 않은 입법부작위로 인한 불법행위에서 군법무관이 입은 손해를 다룬 사안이다. 손해배상액의 예정이라는 약정을 하는 것에서 알 수 있듯이 손해배상시 그 손해액의 입증은 실제로 곤란한 경우가 많다. 불법행위 혹은 채무불이행으로 인한 손해배상청구소송에서 재산상 손해의 발생사실은 인정되나 사안의 성격상 구체적인 손해액을 입증하기가 곤란한 경우, 손해액의 입증책임에 따라 원고의 청구를 받아들이지 않는 것은 합당치 않다. 위와 같은 경우 우리 판례는 변론의 결과와 증거조사 등 제반 간접사실을 종합하여 손해액을 재량에 기하여 정할 수 있도록 허용한다. 그 법률적 성질은 증명도가 감경된 가운데 사실인정에 이르게 되고, 그 과정에서 법관에게 재량이 부여되는 것으로 이해된다. 이 같은 내용은 특허법 등 개별법에서 조문화된 바 있다. 대상판결은 이 같은 재량에 기한 손해배상액이 허용되는 법리를 확인하여 주었고, 동 법리가 자의적으로 적용되지 않도록 법원이 유의해야 할 사항을 분명히 하여 주었다. 독일이나 일본의 경우 재량에 기한 손해배상액 산정의 법리는 이미 민사소송법에 일반적으로 조문화된 바 있다. 우리나라에서 동 법리가 적용되는 실무에 독일 등에서의 법리는 적지 않게 도움이 될 것이다. 독일 민사소송법 제287조가 적용되는 위 법리는 구체화진술의무, 증명도의 경감, 재량에 기한 증거조사의 강화 등 제286조가 적용되는 통상적인 자유심증주의의 경우와는 구별된다고 언급된다. 그러나 제287조로 인하여 사실인정을 위한 증거의 평가는 법관의 자유심증에 의한다는 자유심증주의의 근본은 그대로 유지된다. 대상판결에서 적절히 지적하는 것처럼, 재량에 기한 손해배상액 산정의 법리가 자의적으로 적용되는 것은 배제되어야 한다. 그러나 요건을 너무 까다롭게 한다면, 동 법리는 실무에서 적용을 주저하게 된다. 통상적으로 손해배상액이 인정되는 경우와는 차이점을 인정하는 가운데 그 편의적인 운용이 문제시되어야 한다. Bei der vorliegenden Anmerkung geht es um eine Schadensermittlung aus einer höchstrichterlichen Rechtsprechung in Korea. Das Urteil betrifft das Delikt von der Gesetzgebungsunterlassung und die Schadensschätzung danach. Die Entscheidung bestätigt die bisher von den koreanischen Rechtsprechungen anerkannten Schadensschätzung nach richterlichem Ermessen. Im Zivilprozess sind die unter den Parteien umstrittenen Tatsachen nach der richterlichen freien Beweiswürdgung festzustellen. Für die Feststellung wird die richterliche Überzeugung einer hohen Wahrscheinlichkeit gebraucht. In manchen Schadensersatzprozessen ist es unmöglich oder sehr schwierig, die Schadenshöhe mit den vollen Überzeugungen zu ermitteln. Folglich werden bei solchen Prozessen die allgemeinen Beweisanforderungen dazu führen, den widerrechtlich Handelnden zu begünstigen und den Geschädigten to benachteiligen. Und das ist doch ein Verstoss gegen Billigkeit. Wenn es von der vollen richterlichen Überzeugungen bewiesen wird, dass ein Schaden aus der widerrechtlichen Handlung entstanden sei, aber kein Nachweis dieser Art über die Schadenshöhe erbracht wird, ist die Schadensschätzung nach den Beweiserleichterungen zu ermitteln. In einigen Ländern wie Deutschland ist die Schadensschätzung nach richterlichem Ermessen allgemein kodifiziert: §287 ZPO. §287 ist wie folgt von §286 als Prinzip der Tatsachenfeststellung abgegrenzt: Herabsetzung von Beweismasse, geringere Anforderngen an die Substantiierung der Behauptung, Absehen von einer Beweisaufnahme. Die Erfahrungen in Deutschland werden für die koreanische Praxis sehr nützlich sein. Wie in der vorliegenden Rechtsprechung zu Recht erwähnt, sollen wir die Theorie willkürlich nicht anwenden. Aber sind die Unterschiede von der Schadensermittlung zu respektieren.

사이버공간에서의 프라이버시권의 보호

박익환,장용근 세계헌법학회한국학회 2005 世界憲法硏究 Vol.11 No.2

We live in information-oriented society. In political part, We are confronting E-Democracy, and In non-governmental section, We are confronting many dangers of privacy' violation. Specially In cyberspace, privacy' violation happened in many cases. Of course before information-oriented society, privacy' violation happened but after information-oriented society, privacy' violation happened more frequently than before. So the need to protect privacy in cyberspace became more urgent than before.Privacy' violation happened because of demand of imformation, freedom of expression, the surveillance of nation and non-governmental section. In this thesis, I analyzed the many causes and effects of privacy' violation. And then, I tried to find the effective method to protect privacy and relieve privacy' violation. I treated the effective method in the point of legislation, censorship of governmental section and non-governmental section, judicial relief considering imformation gap.IN korean constitutional law, Article 10, and 37, We can find that korean constitutional Law claim to stand for personalism, not rugged individualism and totalitarianism. So absolute protection of privacy is not permitted. In conclusion, privacy must harmonize with the social public interest. IN this thesis, I tried to focus on active and functional theory of privacy, not stationary theory. We live in information-oriented society. In political part, We are confronting E-Democracy, and In non-governmental section, We are confronting many dangers of privacy' violation. Specially In cyberspace, privacy' violation happened in many cases. Of course before information-oriented society, privacy' violation happened but after information-oriented society, privacy' violation happened more frequently than before. So the need to protect privacy in cyberspace became more urgent than before. Privacy' violation happened because of demand of imformation, freedom of expression, the surveillance of nation and non-governmental section. In this thesis, I analyzed the many causes and effects of privacy' violation. And then, I tried to find the effective method to protect privacy and relieve privacy' violation. I treated the effective method in the point of legislation, censorship of governmental section and non-governmental section, judicial relief considering imformation gap. IN korean constitutional law, Article 10, and 37, We can find that korean constitutional Law claim to stand for personalism, not rugged individualism and totalitarianism. So absolute protection of privacy is not permitted. In conclusion, privacy must harmonize with the social public interest. IN this thesis, I tried to focus on active and functional theory of privacy, not stationary theory. We live in information-oriented society. In political part, We are confronting E-Democracy, and In non-governmental section, We are confronting many dangers of privacy` violation. Specially In cyberspace, privacy` violation happened in many cases. Of course before information-oriented society, privacy` violation happened but after information-oriented society, privacy` violation happened more frequently than before. So the need to protect privacy in cyberspace became more urgent than before. Privacy` violation happened because of demand of imformation, freedom of expression, the surveillance of nation and non-governmental section. In this thesis, I analyzed the many causes and effects of privacy` violation. And then, I tried to find the effective method to protect privacy and relieve privacy` violation. I treated the effective method in the point of legislation, censorship of governmental section and non-governmental section, judicial relief considering imformation gap. IN korean constitutional law, Article 10, and 37, We can find that korean constitutional Law claim to stand for personalism, not rugged individualism and totalitarianism. So absolute protection of privacy is not permitted. In conclusion, privacy must harmonize with the social public interest. IN this thesis, I tried to focus on active and functional theory of privacy, not stationary theory.

당사자표시정정의 허용범위

박익환 민사판례연구회 2015 民事判例硏究 Vol.- No.37

대상판결에서는 원고가 사망자의 사망사실을 모르고 그를 피고로 표시하여 소를 제기한 경우 사망자의 상속인으로서의 당사자표시정정이 허용되는지 여부 및 이 경우 실질적인 피고로 해석되는 상속인의 의미에 관하여 판시하였다. 사망사실을 모르고 사망자를 피고로 제소한 경우 당사자표시정정을 허용하는 기존의 판례이론의 연장선상에서 대상판결을 이해할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 판례에 따른다면, 사망사실 및 상속포기사실을 모르는 원고의 권리구제를 도모할 수 있었다. 대상판결의 사안은 동시에 1990년 민사소송법개정으로 도입된 피고경정법리가 적용될 수 있는 사안이었다. 종전에는 임의적 당사자변경을 허용하지 않았던 상황에서 당사자표시정정 법리의 적용을 통하여 선의의 원고가 보호되어야 한다는 입장이 정당화될 수 있었다. 그러나 성문법상으로 해결될 수 있는 법리가 도입되어 있음에도 그럼에도 당사자확정의 이론과 저촉되는 것으로까지 보이는 이제까지의 판례이론의 계속된 적용은 바람직하지 않다고 보았다. 나아가 대상판결의 사안에 성문법상의 피고경정법리가 적용될 수 있는 여부를 살펴보았다. 현실적으로 피고경정의 법리가 적용되지 않는 원인은 소제기로 인한 시효중단의 효과가 미치는 시점과 관련된 논의임을 확인하였다. 관련된 현행 법조문의 합리적인 해석을 통해서 문제의 해결가능성을 모색하였으며, 나아가 입법적인 대안을 생각해 보았다. Our case is dealing with the availability of party-description-correction doctrine, when a plaintiff raises a lawsuit against a dead defendant, not knowing that the defendant has been already died before the lawsuit. Although the plaintiff wins such suit, the judgement against the dead defendant will be useless. The Korean courts allow bona-fide-plaintiff to correct the description of defendant beyond the boundary of the meaning of correction. The successor of such dead party is identified as the defendant. Under the name of party-description-correction, the plaintiff can correct the dead defendant into its living successors. In this case, the Supreme Court of Korea rules that the bona-fide-plaintiff, ignorant of the death, can correct the description of the dead defendant. The living successors could be identified as the defendant and the successors should be interpreted substantially. The attitude of the court can be understood to follow the traditional case law, as an extension of the party-description-correction doctrine. However, the laws of Civil Procedure in Korea introduced the alteration of defendant. The 1990 Amendment Act permits a plaintiff to alter the obviously mistaken defendant into the righteous. This note tries to adapt this defendant's alteration clause to our case. The reason is that the statutorily enacted doctrine, as a substitute to the traditional case law, should be applied properly. The clause could be interpreted to subsume our case on the basis of its meaning. But the defendant alteration clause seems to be unpopular and rarely followed. The cause lies in the effect of the alteration. This note suggests a legislative relief. The effect from the alteration should be retroactive.

원격교육과 저작권법

朴益換 한국저작권위원회 2003 계간 저작권 Vol.16 No.2

抗訴審에서 豫備的 共同訴訟의 審理

朴益煥 한국민사소송법학회 2003 민사소송 Vol.7 No.2

조선전기 안동지방의 향규(鄕規)와 향규약고(鄕規約考)

박익환 동국사학회 1986 동국사학 Vol.19 No.-

判例評釋 : 대법원 1999. 2. 26 선고 98 다52469 판결(판례공보 1999. 4. 15.자 80호 615면) Zuruckweisung des verspateten Angriffs-oder Verteidigungsmittels 失機한 攻擊防禦方法의 却下

박익환 仁荷大學校 法學硏究所 1999 法學硏究 Vol.1 No.-