DEA를 이용한 인도 자동차 산업의 효율성과 결정요인 분석

박원빈,이순철 한국산업경제학회 2023 산업경제연구 Vol.36 No.3

This paper examines the efficiency and its determinants of 47 finished vehicle manufacturers in the Indian automobile industry. In light of market expansion and changing business environments, assessing the efficiency of companies has become crucial for enhancing their competitiveness. Therefore, we analyze the efficiency and scale profitability of each company using data envelope analysis (DEA). Fixed assets, total capital, and employment costs are selected as input variables, while sales is used as output variables. The average efficiency estimated through the BCC model is 0.607, with 11 companies achieving efficiency. The results show 5 companies have been in economies of scale. We also conduct a Tobit analysis to identify the determinants of efficiency. Our findings suggest that affiliates of group companies of Indian, have a positive impact on efficiency. Additionally, capital liquidity and R&D investments are positive factors in improving efficiency 본 연구는 인도 자동차 산업의 경쟁력을 파악하기 위해 47개 완성차 업체의 효율성과 결정요인을 분석하였다. 인도 자동차 산업은 시장 규모 확대와 친환경 자동차 전환과 같은 경영환경 변화를 앞두고 있다. 이러한 가운데, 경쟁력 강화를 위해 자료포락분석(DEA)을 통해 개별기업별 효율성과 규모 수익성을 검토하였다. 투입 변수로는 기업별 인건비, 고정자산, 총자본을 선택하였고, 산출변수는 기업별 매출액을 활용하였다. 산출지향 BCC 모형을 통해 산출된 평균 효율성은 0.607이며, 효율성을 달성한 기업은 11개 업체로 나타났다. 규모 효율성을 달성한 기업은 5개 업체로 파악된다. 추가로, 기업 효율성의 결정요인을 파악하기 위해 토빗(Tobit) 분석도 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 인도 그룹사 계열사에 소속된 기업의 유형이 효율성에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 또, 자본 유동성, R&D 활동 등 요인이 기업 효율성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다.

초월과 내재를 매개하는 은혜의 선물로 오시는 하나님 개념에 대한 고찰

박원빈 한국기독교사회윤리학회 2007 기독교사회윤리 Vol.14 No.-

This article explores the concept of grace as gift of God phenomenologically as well as ethically. If we understand Jesus Christ as the mediator of transcendence and immanence, the incarnation of Christ is the realization of the grace of God. In this reason, the concept has been always analyzed based on christological approach. In this article, I want to focus on God as the giver of grace. How can we understand God as the giver of grace? If we focus on the concept of God, the gap between transcendence and immanence will not be incompatible? Recent scholarship have contributed to this complicated problem by the help of phenomenology and ethics. This article consists of the followings. First, I will explore grace as gift of God in relation to the concept of 'gift' in the assumption that gift is the most similar act to the concept of grace. I will examine how gift can achieve its real meaning and how God himself is the best 'Gift and Grace' to us. Second, I will show that his love is unmeasurable and beyond our limit by using Jean-Luc Marion's concept of icon. Marion asserts that iconic thought provokes God, whereas idolous thought confines the concept of God. He argues that ontological thought is the main cause of concept of God falling into idolized thought. Third, I will argue that the response to the grace of God as gift can be realized in a form of ethic of the other, because this ethic can also be found in the doctrine of Kenosis. In conclusion, this study will contribute to build up a more clear concept of grace based on God as a gift and how we can live in this world as a recipient his grace individually as well as communally.

강풍에 대비한 창호보호장치의 보강성능 평가

박원빈,김홍진 한국풍공학회 2018 한국풍공학회지 Vol.22 No.4

In modern society, damage caused by strong winds such as typhoons is expected to increase due to urbanization and global warming. In order to test the reinforcement performance of the newly developed window protection device, two-point force test and uniformly distributed load test were carried out on non-reinforced plate glass. It reinforcement performance of the window protection device was evaluated based on the flexural performance improvement. The analytical performance of the window protection device was evaluated by analysis using differential equations of elastic loading method and deflection curve and Midas-Gen. First, the analytical window protection device was evaluated by formulae derived using differential equations of elastic loading and deflection curve. The validity of the derived formulae investigated by comparing the maximum deflection of the central part of the plate with the experimental value and the theoretical value at maximum load. Then the results were compared with those by finite element FE method using Midas-Gen. Under the experimental conditions, with the window protection device, stress reduction effect up to 40% and deflection reduction up to 71.4% under the same load were obtained. It was also found that it is advantageous to perform the FE analysis using the plate element when the performance is evaluated because the error of FE analysis result using plate elements is far less than that using beam elements. 현대 사회에서 도시화와 온난화로 인한 태풍 등 강풍에 의한 피해는 증가될 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 기 개발된 창호보호장치의 보강성능을 시험하기 위해 비 보강된 판유리와 보강된 판유리의 2점 가력실험과 등분포하중 실험을 수행하였다. 창호보호장치의 보강성능은 휨 성능평가를 토대로 평가하였다. 창호보호장치의 이론적 성능 산정은 탄성하중법과 처짐 곡선의 미분방정식을이용한 수식해석과 Midas-Gen을 이용한 전산해석을 통해 수행하였다. 실험값과 이론 산정 값의 최대하중 가력시의 판유리 중앙부 최대 처짐 비교를 통해 산정방법의 유효성을 검토하였다. 창호보호장치 부착 시 실험조건하에서 40%까지의 응력감소효과와 동일 하중하에서 71.4%까지의 처짐 감소 효과가 있었다. 판유리를 보요소로 해석한 결과보다 판유리를 판 요소로 해석한 결과가 오차가 적으므로 성능 판단 시 가능하면 판 요소로 해석을 수행하는 것이 유리하다.

Comparison of Epidemiology, Emergency Care, and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke between Young Adults and Elderly in Korean Population: A Multicenter Observational Study

박원빈,임용수,김진주,조진성,이근,양혁준,신상도,So-Yeon Kong 대한의학회 2014 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.29 No.7

Stroke in young adults has been known to show a lower incidence and a better prognosis. Only a few studies have examined the epidemiology and outcomes of ischemic stroke inyoung adults and compared them with the elderly in Korean population. All consecutivepatients with ischemic stroke visiting 29 participating emergency departments wereenrolled from November 2007 to October 2009. Patients with less than 15 yr of age andunknown information on age and confirmed diagnosis were excluded. We categorized thepatients into young adults (15 to 45 yr) and elderly (46 yr and older) groups. Of 39,156enrolled all stroke patients, 25,818 with ischemic stroke were included and analyzed(young adult; n = 1,431, 5.5%). Young adult patients showed lower prevalence of mostchronic diseases but significantly higher prevalence in exercise, current smoking, andalcohol consumption. Hospital mortality was significantly lower in young adults thanelderly (1.1% vs. 3.1%, P < 0.001). Higher number of patients in elderly group (68.1%)showed worsening change of modified Rankin Scale than young adults (65.2%). Youngadults ischemic stroke showed favorable hospital outcomes than the elderly in Koreanpopulation.

기독교사회윤리로서 책임윤리에 대한 성찰

박원빈 한국기독교사회윤리학회 2009 기독교사회윤리 Vol.18 No.-

What is responsibility in an ethical sense? What does it mean that Christian should be responsible? This article aims at evaluating ethic of responsibility as Christian social ethics in the Korean context. For this task, I explore the concept of responsibility by bridging Emmanuel Levinas’s ethic of the Other. According to Levinas, responsibility is the very nature of subjectivity. He asserts that “I” am responsible for the other because “my” being as an individualized subject is perfectly bonded with my relation to the other. Levinas describes this relationship as obsession, since it totally controls the I. This is what is meant by Levinas’s famous phrase, “I am a hostage” of the other. The subject is persecuted because it cannot avoid the Other’s sovereignty over the I. It is an abandonment of subjectivity in a radical way. Ethic of the other and responsibility can be equally translated into the doctrine of Kenosis. Jesus’ self-gift to the other and for the other is his ethical representation of Levinas’s famous slogan, “Here am I.” This total responsibility for the other as employed in the cross, makes the cross the central component of Jesus’ story. Jesus is the representative being for the other until death, a death that takes the sin and the punishment of the other and expiates it. The cross is then a revelation of the glory of the Infinite in Jesus. In this manner, Levinas has given us another language to express the expiatory death of Jesus in a manner which can also honor other substitutional selves who were obsessed for and by the other. As Jesus has shown to us what responsibility is for the other, Levinas awakens us that we have an infinite responsibility for the other. Notwithstanding, it is not an easy task to do this ethic. However, when we humbly confess that we are so weak to execute ethic of the other, grace of God pours his strength. This is why R. Niebhur defines Christian ethic as “impossible possibility.” 본 논문은 한국적 맥락에서 지식사회의 위상을 기독교 신학적 입장에서 고찰해 보고 전체 한국 지식사회 속에서 기독교 사회윤리의 나아가야 할 바를 모색하는 논문이다. 먼저 지식인의 위상을 점검해 보고 기독지식인의 사명과 역할을 윤리적 책임이란 측면에서 조명해 보았다. 이러한 책임성은 우리가 기독교인이기에 주어지는 책임 일 뿐만 아니라 사회와 세상에 대한 책임적 존재로서 우리에게 주어진 사명이라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 윤리적 책임의 근원은 물론 그리스도께서 이 세상을 향해 지신 십자가와 성육신 사건에서 시작된다. 필자는 이러한 기독교 윤리의 독특성을 케노시스 이론에서 고찰하였고 이를 레비나스의 타자윤리와 접목시킴으로써 기독교 윤리적 차원에서 새로운 이해를 시도하였다. 기독교 지식인의 책임이 요청된다는 말은 그렇다고 해서 기독인들이 모든 윤리적 책임의 영역에서 뛰어나다는 의미는 결코 아니다. 기독 지식인 또한 인간의 처한 여러 가지 실존 속에서 살아가야 하는 매우 모순적인 존재임을 인정하고 이러한 모순성 속에서 위로부터 오시는 힘으로 책임적 삶을 감당해야 함이 바로 기독교 윤리의 핵심이며 한국의 지식사회에서 이런 책임의 역할을 감당함을 통해 기독교 윤리의 독특성과 정체성을 유지할 수 있음을 밝혔다.

국내 자전거사고에서 자전거도로와 그 외 장소에서의 비교: 2011-2014

박원빈,임채석,조진성,양혁준,이근 대한응급의학회 2016 대한응급의학회지 Vol.27 No.6

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of bicycle injuries in Korea. It analyzed the injury severity of bicycle accidents by making a comparison between accidents that originated from bicycle lanes and accidents that originated in other sites since the inception of the Korea Promoting Bicycle Usage Act in 2011. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 23,038 cases from January 2011 to December 2014, utilizing the data from the emergent department-based, in-depth injury surveillance system. The main analysis of death was conducted by a multivariate logistic regression, using SPSS statistics ver. 18.0. We also classified bicycle accidents in accordance with the sites of accident bicycle lane and other sites, accident year, age, gender, injury location, activity, helmet use, and alcohol consumption. Results: The entire study population of 23,038 patients were divided into two groups depending on accident site: 4045 from bicycle lane and 18,993 from other accident sites. According to the analysis, the percentage of accidents involving female was significantly higher in bicycle lane than in other accident sites (75.8% vs. 79.3% p<0.001). The highest bicycle accident occurred alone (77.3%) in bicycle lane and 57% in other accident sites. However, motor vehicle crash was significantly higher in other accident sites than in bicycle lane (32.9% vs. 10.2%). The result from a multivariate logistic regression demonstrates that bicycle lanes significantly decreases the severity of mortality on average (odd ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.91). Conclusion: We found that bicycle lanes have a significant impact on decreasing not only general accidents caused by bicycles, but also mortality.

우보만리(牛步萬里)

박원빈 미래사목연구소 2016 사목정보 Vol.9 No.1

인도 주요 항만의 효율성과 협력 방안 연구

박원빈,이순철 한국국제통상학회 2023 국제통상연구 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구는 인도 항만 분야의 경쟁력 분석을 위해서 인도의 12개 주요 항만에 대한 효율성 분석하였다. 인도 항만 분야는 인도 수출입의 90%를 웃도는 수준으로 국제 통상에서 중요한 기능을 수행하고 있으며 경제 규모 확대에 따른 역할이 확대될 것으로 기대되는 만큼 항만의 운영 효율성은 중요한 이슈이다. 본고는 자료포락분석(DEA)과 맘퀴스트 분석을 바탕으로 항만별 효율성과 변화를 검토하였다. 투입 변수로는 처리가능량, 운영비용, 고용인원 자료를 활용하였고 산출 변수는 화물처리량과 영업이익 자료를 선택하였다. 분석 결과, 2020-21년 기준 산출지향 BCC 모형 기반의 평균 효율성은 0.978로 나타나며 11개 항만이 최적 효율성을 달성하였다고 평가된다. 그런데 맘퀴스트 지수는 기술효율성 변화지수(TECI)의 개선에도 불구하고 기술변화 지수(TCI)의 악화로 인하여 0.962로 나타나며 소폭 감소하는 모양새를 보였다. 이는 2010년대 중반의 국가 프로젝트로 인하여 개별 항만의 효율성이 전반적으로 평준화되며 최적화 수준에 도달하였지만 실제로는 기술의 정체로 인해 전년 대비 효율성은 악화된 것으로 해석된다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 효율성 분석 결과와 인도 항만 분야의 현황을 바탕으로 인도 측 인프라 구축 및 효율성 향상과 관련된 다양한 수요와 협력 방안을 검토하였다. This study conducts competitiveness analyses of India’s port industry by estimating the efficiency of its 12 major ports. The port sector in India deal with over 90 percent of the country's imports and exports and plays important role in international trade, and this analysis addresses significant issues for the future potential of the Indian trade market. Specifically, the study utilizes data envelopment analysis(DEA) and Mamquist analysis to evaluate the efficiency and changes in each port, considering the impact of infrastructure projects like the Sagarmala project on the logistics system under the Modi government. The selected input variables include maximum cargo capacity, operating costs, and the number of employees, while total cargo volume and operating profit serve as the output variables. The average output-oriented BCC model-based efficiency is 0.978 in 2020–21, with 11 ports reaching optimal efficiency. Mamquist index shows 0.962 due to the reduced technology efficiency change index(TCI) despite an improvement in the technology efficiency change index(TECI). The results mean that national projects from the mid-2010s initially brought the efficiency of individual ports to an optimal level, but technological congestion has actually led to a decline in efficiency for many years. Based on the efficiency analysis and the current state of the Indian port sector, this study also discusses various demands of India and proposes cooperation plans with South Korea regarding infrastructure construction and efficiency improvement in the Indian port sector.

Do Firm’s Activities Affect the Export Behavior in India’s Food Processing Industry?

박원빈,이순철 한국산업경제학회 2022 산업경제연구 Vol.35 No.1

This paper examines the effects of cost efficiency and R&D factors with the firms’ types on export behavior in India’s food processing industry using Prowess data during 1998-2018. We apply the logistic model for the determinants of export participation and the fixed effects model for the export amount. Cost efficiency and R&D investment generally make positive impacts on export activities. In particular, firms having export experience tend to be favorable to the activities, and the affiliated types bring different effects according to business characteristics. It indicates the necessity to consider the elements of the individual firm, focusing on existing exporters to improve the export activity. Therefore, these results suggest implications for expanding total exports of the Indian food processing industry, showing that efficiency innovation and R&D make it possible to improve the firm’s capacity for export promotion.

신학담론으로서 타자윤리의 가능성과 한계

박원빈 한국기독교사회윤리학회 2008 기독교사회윤리 Vol.16 No.-

This article explores whether Emmanuel Levinas's ethic of the Other can be regarded as a theological discourse. After publishing Totality and Infinity, there have been many serious questions of the relationship between transcendence and immanence; infinity and the finite among many philosophers and theologians. Interestingly enough, Levinas tries to mediate these concept by his ethic of the Other. I examine how Levinas integrate these two areas in his ethic of the Other. As a french phenomenologist, Jean-Luc Marion already mentioned, this kind of attempt has confronted a double-bind dilemma. One is that it would be a question of phenomena that are objectively definable but lose their religious speciality; and the other is that it would be a question of phenomena that are specially religious but cannot be described objectively. In order to explore his ethic of the other as a medication of philosophy and theology, one needs to examine his critique of theodicy. Levinas rejects theodicy because the history of twentieth century is sufficient proof of the falsity of theodicy. He asserts that every attempts to justify suffering for the theological vindication of God's justice through theodicy is bankrupt. Any kind of condolence for the sufferer is merely ‘my’ imposition and offensive rationalization as an interpretation coming from me. Through this rationalization, the other's suffering is meaningful to me though it is meaningless to the sufferer. Thus theodicy is a theological form of the doubling evil that occurs in rationalization of the suffering of the other. While refusing the use of theodicy to justify other's suffering Levinas argues that one can only meet the trace of God in taking a responsibility for the other. Ethics precedes epistemology because he understands ethics primarily as the moral obligation for the Other, which comes from infinity. Levinas wants to reconstitute the origin of all moral knowledge in the Other who has been darkened by the manipulating power of the self. The Other teaches the self about her destitution, vulnerability, and defenseless in the primary frankness of the revelation that only the face can convey. Thus the face is opened up in consciousness by the separation implied in the idea of infinity. The face's infinity is present only as the trace of an absolute alterity. The only access we can have to God is the face-to-face relationship with other persons. Levinas enables philosophy to be liberated from a tendency towards the theoretical and redirects its concerns to practical engagement. This place of engagement is a encounter of transcendence and immanence; philosophy and theology.