한국의 미숙(未熟) 및 정상분만아의 식이별(食餌別) 장내균총에(腸內菌叢) 관한 연구 : I. 식이별 미숙분만아의 장내균총의 변화 I. Changes of intestinal microflora of Korean preterm infants on various milk feedings

박경식,강국희 한국낙농학회 1990 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.12 No.4

본 연구는 우리나라 미숙 분만아의 생후 한달간 식이별 경시적 장내 균총의 변화와 분리 균속의 동정에 관한 연구로서 그 결과를 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1. 미숙 분만아의 모유 식이하의 장내 균총을 균속별로 보면 대체로 Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidaceae, Clostridium, Eubacterium, 그리고 Enterobacteriaceae의 순으로 나타났다. 2. 미숙분만아의 미숙아 분유 식이하의 장내균총을 균속별로 보면 Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, Eubacterium, Bacteroidaceae 그리고 Clostridium의 순으로 나타났다. 3. 미숙 분만아의 미숙아 모유 및 미숙아 분유 혼합 식이하의 장내 균총을 균속별로 보면 대체로 Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidaceae, Streptococcus, Megasphaera 그리고 Clostridium의 순으로 나타났다. 4. 미숙 분만아의 정상아용 조제 분유 식이하의 장내 균총을 균속별로 보면 대체로 Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Eubacterium 그리고 Clostridium의 순으로 나타났다. 5. 미숙 분만아의 장내 균총에서 일반적으로 총 균수에서는 유익균이, 균속의 종류에서는 유해균이 우세하였다. 6. 34명의 국내 미숙 분만아의 분변 시료로부터 총 16속(Yeasts 제외)의 균을 분리하여 그 균속을 동정하였다. Due to the uniformity of the diet during early life, the composition of the intestinal microfloras is influenced dibectly by the kinds of nutrients during the first month after birth. Especially, in case of preterm infants, the first month after birth is the most important period for survival through their lifetime, and determination of intestinal microflora for this period is important to estimate their digestive diseases and metabolic disorders. This study made an attempt to classify the major intestinal microflora of Korean preterm infants on various milk feedings during the first month after birth. This results which were obtained are as follows: 1. Dominant genuses on total cell counts in gastrointestinal tracts, ranked from highest to lowest, from preterm infants fed preterm-formula-milk were Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidaceae, Clostridium, Eubacterium and Enterobacteriaceae. 2. Dominant genuses on total cell counts in gastrointestinal tracts, ranked from highest to lowest, from preterm infants fed preterm-formula-milk were Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, Eubacterium, Bacteroidaceae and Clostridium. 3. Dominant genuses on total cell counts in gastrointestinal tracts, ranked from highest to lowest, from preterm infants fed mixture feeding(preterm-formula-milk and preterm-formula-milk) were Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidaceae, Streptococcus, Megasphaera and Clostridium. 4. Dominant genuses on total cell counts in gastrointestinal tracts, ranked from highest to lowest, from preterm infants fed term-formula-milk were Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Eubacterium, and Clostridium. 5. Dominant microflora on total cell counts in gastrointestinal tracts of preterm infants were lactic bacteria, and septic and pathogenic microflora were predominantly over kinds of species in the preterm infants guts. 6. Sixteen genuses(except on Yeast) were isolated and identified from fecal samples of 34 preterm infants in this experiment.

Evaluation and Management of Caustic Injuries from Ingestion of Acid or Alkaline Substances

박경식 대한소화기내시경학회 2014 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.47 No.4

Although the numbers have decreased compared with in the past, cases of patients who ingest caustic substances and visit the emergency room are not rare. However, well-summarized data about caustic injuries are insufficient. Therefore, in this article, I will discuss the etiologic causative agents, injury mechanism, and clinical characteristics, as well as the endoscopic evaluation of the degree of injury and proper management of the patient, in gastrointestinal caustic injury.

보상에 대한 이론적 검토

박경식 한국전통상학회 2001 韓國傳統商學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

한국기업 종업원의 보상제도 인식에 관한 실증적 연구

박경식 한국전통상학회 2001 韓國傳統商學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

갑상선의 유리질화 섬유주 선종

박경식,김석원,민혜숙,한원식,노동영,박성회,윤여규,오승근,최국진 대한외과학회 2003 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.65 No.6

The Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid is a uncommon benign neoplasm which is characterized by trabecular growth pattern with hyaline stroma of the basal membrane type. It is often misdiagnosed as papillary carcinoma due to its peculiar cytologic and histologic features such as, nuclear grooving and papillary structures, or as medullary carcinoma due to the hyalinized stroma resembling amyloid. Special stains and immunohistochemical studies are required to make a definite diagnosis. A 34-year old woman was admitted suffering from a left neck mass. Computed tomography showed a 2 cm-sized mass in the left thyroid. Fine needle aspiration cytology suggested papillary carcinoma. Intraoperative frozen section suggested medullary carcinoma, and H&E staining suggested medullary carcinoma. However according to immunohistochemistry which revealed calcitonin negative, the tumor was reviewed and finally diagnosed as hyaline trabecular adenoma. The hyalinizing trabecular adenoma, although uncommon, is certainly worth consideration in order to avoid being misinterpreted as carcinoma on the basis of individual cytologic and histologic features. (J Korean Surg Soc 2003;65:572-575)

한국인 혈액형 분포와 비뇨생식기 종양과의 관계에 관한 고찰 (제II보)

박경식,김동한 大韓泌尿器科學會 1980 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.21 No.6

고급한식당 서비스 품질이 고객만족 및재방문 의도에 미치는 영향

박경식,우성근,최성기 한국외식경영학회 2011 외식경영연구 Vol.14 No.5

The objective of this study was to examine the relationships among service quality and customer satisfaction and revisit intention of deluxe Korean restaurant customers. In order to achieve the research purpose, the data was collected from 300 customers and analyzed using SPSS. The exploratory factor analyses identified five underlying dimensions of service quality; tangible, reliable, responsive, assurance, and empathy. Structural equation modeling was adopted to examine the relationships among those variables. The results showed that all the five service quality dimensions were related to customer satisfaction, and also customer satisfaction was related to revisit intention. Among other service quality factors, especially reliable factor was highly related to customer satisfaction. And the managerial implications of these results for service quality of deluxe Korean restaurant customers were discussed.

아비멜렉 이야기에 등장하는 세 개의 불명예 패턴

박경식 한국구약학회 2017 구약논단 Vol.23 No.3

Re-reading Abimelech’s story (Judg 9:50-54) with the literary approaches, such as narratology, structural criticism, honor/shame study, and gender criticism interprets and multiplies the text’s own meaning that seems to be hidden by narrator’s literary strategy. This re-reading, especially with gender criticism, provides a counter explanation through ‘gender-based shame,’ explaining how honor and shame are described by gender preference. My reading suggests a further approach toward the focalization in which the narrator employs the method of removing hyper-heroization, and to emphasize an intention to dishonor characters step-by-step. As a result, the narrative exposes its concentration on the approaches employed to catch readers’ attention effectively. In other words, the author uses highly-constructed methods of transmission and communication in the narrative. This study employs a scheme of three terms (hyper-heroization, de- heroization, and trans-heroization), which I call a tri-dishonoring pattern. The pattern continually occurs in Judges 9 with Abimelech, the unnamed woman, and the young man, whether the character is male or female, until they are removed/veiled from the text. Even though each character appears to have committed a violent action, he/she is just hyper-heroized, de-heroized soon, and then trans-heroized. Therefore, all characters are victimized for the purpose of generating a constant focus toward the next character, continuing to the end of the pattern. One might see Judges 9 as a valid model of the retribution theme resulting from the Deuteronomistic viewpoint in order to judge the final end of the sinfulness of the wrongdoing. The inglorious end of Abimelech appears as retaliation for his cruel beginning. Others might interpret that the final text explains that the Babylonian exile was inevitable due to the disobedience of Israel. In this case, the text could be blaming Abimelech’s attempt to seize what should have been a divine initiative. However, my reading suggests a possibility of reading a literary pattern that alludes to the realization that God is at the end of the pattern. This theological approach describes the fact that, even though Judges continues to illustrate how to rule/lead the people, the people could not rely on the political systems which they experienced as having bitter ends. Further studies of this pattern should be considered throughout the narratives of the Hebrew Bible. Such a reading contributes to figuring out how the narrator manipulates the characters and employs their own resources by using ambiguity as a literary technique. The presence of such a pattern suggests that all characters are potentially limited in reputation and agency, and that these limitations are crucial for the production of meaning. 이 논문은 아비멜렉 이야기(삿 9:50-54)에 나타나있는 화자의 문학적 기교를 분석하는 것이다. 먼저 서사이론과 구조주의 비평에서 말하는 다양한 사회적 이념을 담고 있는 문학적 코드들과 패턴이라는 요소들을 연구하고, 이를 본문에 대입하여 새로운 본문 읽기를 할 것이다. 특별히 명예/수치 연구와 젠더비평의 연결점으로 문화적 이념소가 등장인물에 모호하게 표현되고 있다는 것을 밝히고자한다. 본문 연구를 통해서 아비멜렉 이야기의 문학적 초점은 화자가 사용하는 고도의 문학 기교로서 세 개의 불명예 패턴으로 간주되며 이 기교는 등장인물들을 불명예/수치로 꾸미는 등의 모호성과 독자의 집중을 끌어내고 있다. 그러므로 이러한 표현법은 화자가 이야기를 통해서 강조하고자 하는 메시지를 전달하는 최고의 문학적 수단이다.

변화를 준비하는 디자인집단의 전략

박경식 한국실내디자인학회 2022 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.24 No.2

비알콜성 지방간염에서 항산화 상태

박경식,장병국,권기민,정우진,조광범,황재석,안성훈,문교철,김영환 대한간학회 2005 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.11 No.2

Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is chronic liver disease that can potentially progress to end stage liver disease. Oxidative stress to the vulnerable fatty liver has been reported as a key mechanism in development of NASH. Several antioxidant pathways have been identified, but reports that involved quantitative analysis of each antioxidant systems are rare, and these reports have shown various results. So, we investigated antioxidant status and the degree of oxidative stress by measuring several antioxidant enzymes, the total antioxidant status (TAS), and the metabolites of superoxide in NASH patients. Methods: Nineteen NASH patients who were confirmed by liver biopsy and fifteen controls were involved in this study. The levels of body mass index (BMI), AST, ALT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, TAS, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were compared between both groups. The relationship between the histologic severity and the levels of each antioxidants were analyzed in the NASH group. Results: The activities of SOD and catalase were lower in the NASH group. The concentrations of TAS and H2O2 were higher in NASH group. The level of GPx and MDA showed no significant differences between both groups. There were no significant relationships between the above variables and the pathological severity. Conclusions: The disturbed metabolism of superoxide due to the decreased activities of SOD and catalase seem to be important in the pathogenesis of NASH. Further investigations about the nonenzymatic secondary antioxidant mechanism are necessary because the TAS was higher for the NASH group. The lack of difference between both groups for the concentration of MDA indicates that mechanisms other than lipid peroxidation also may be important in the pathogenesis of NASH. 목적: 비알콜성 지방간염(NASH)은 간경변이나 간세포암종 등 말기 간질환의 원인이 될 수 있으므로 최근 이에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있으며 지방이 축적된 간조직에 가해지는 산화성 스트레스가 이 질환의 중요한 발병 인자임은 잘 알려져 있으나 이의 차단에 관여하는 각종 항산화 효소들의 활성도에 대한 구체적인 연구는 매우 드물며 결과 또한 연구자들마다 다양한 차이를 보인다. 이에 저자들은 항산화 효소들의 활성도, 여러 항산화 물질들에 의해 구성되는 total antioxidant status (TAS), 과산화성 지방 대사물 농도 등을 구하여 이들이 NASH의 발생에 작용하는 기전에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 2003년 7월부터 2004년 2월까지 간조직검사를 통해 NASH로 확진된 19명을 환자군으로, 연령과 성별을 고려하여 선발한 건강인 15명을 대조군으로 하였다. 각 군에서 체질량지수(BMI), AST, ALT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, TAS, 과산화수소(H2O2), 과산화 지질의 일종인 malondialdehyde (MDA) 등의 농도 또는 활성도를 비교하였으며 환자군에서 병리학적 심화도와 각 변수들 간의 상관관계를 구하였다. 결과: 양군 간 연령 및 성별의 차이는 없었다. 항산화 효소들 중 SOD (P=0.008), Catalase (P=0.005)의 활성도는 환자군에서 낮았으며 TAS (P<0.001), H2O2 (P<0.001)의 경우 환자군에서 높았다. GPx 활성도 및 MDA 농도는 차이가 없었다. 조직 소견에서 지방 축적 정도, 염증 정도, 섬유화 정도 등과 상기 변수들 간의 상관관계는 없었다. 결론: NASH의 발병 기전에 있어 항산화 효소들 중 SOD 및 catalase의 활성도 감소가 중요한 기전으로 작용하는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 지질의 과산화물인 MDA 농도가 양군 간에 차이가 없었다는 점은 더 많은 수를 대상으로 지질의 과산화 기전 외에 활성 산소에 의한 사이토카인 분비, Fas ligand 유도반응 등의 다른 경로를 함께 고려한 추가적인 연구가 필요함을 시사한다.