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문환석,김병근,위광철,황진주,Moon, Whan-Suk,Kim, Byoung-Gun,Wi, Koang-Chul,Hwang, Jin-ju 국립문화재연구소 1993 保存科學硏究 Vol.14 No.-
The way of prevention for the continuous corrosion progress in iron antiquities after excavation and conservation treatment have been studied. The corrosion occuring have been found the oxidation of ferrous ions in the presence of chloride. The consideration to control the activity of chloride is important of controling relative humidity for the stable environment of the storage. One of the method that keeps archeological iron antiquities recommend the storage of special vinyl film(poly-vinyl alcohol film) with silica gel to control the relative humidity. Although this method is not permanent, it's very well efficiency of economy and convenience at present.
문환석,황진주,정영동,Moon, Whan-Suk,Hwang, Jin-Ju,Jung, Young-Dong 국립문화재연구소 1996 保存科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-
Desalting methods for chloride ions from the excavated iron objects were studied. These methods were compared with room temperature and heating condition of treating solution. During the Desalting treatments the $Cl^-$concentration of the solution were measured regularly and the plotted for $Cl^-$concentrations the square root of time, heating methods showed that the $Cl^-$ ions are more extracted. For the desalting treatments these plots were found to be flattening line, it was showed the changing second solution. Also, the changing solution in the room temperation detected less $Cl^-$ ions of heating treatment solution. As the examination for the relative humidity has compared for desalting objects during 8 days, it was showed a re-corroded appearance of R.H90%. As it did not detected a $Cl^-$ ions of re-corroded section, these phenomena were showed the naturally occuring corrosion of the objects in the high relative humidity.
문환석,황진주,강대일,이명희,Moon, Whan-Suk,Hwang, Jin-Ju,Kang, Dae-Il,Lee, Myong-Hee 국립문화재연구소 2000 保存科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-
Examples for application of cultural properties using Infrared Reflectography System as method of investigation on mural paintings and letters are given. This work is carried out according to asking of examination on inner layer paintings and letters in order to conserve the mural paintings discovered in the course of repairing ancient architectures. It is difficult to find the inner layer paintings and fine decorative line, but we can be observed by using Infrared Reflectography System and thus these results can be used as original rebuilding and drawings of mural paintings. Also building-repairing year, building participant though the investigation of letters written on the roof wood can be known.
문환석,조남철,홍종욱,Moon, Whan-Suk,Cho, Nam-Chul,Hong, Jong-Ouk 국립문화재연구소 2001 保存科學硏究 Vol.22 No.-
The replica experiment of golden bell excavated from the East Three-Story Pagoda at the Gamunsa temple was carried out in order to know the handiwork technique of ancient granule. The size of 0.3mm granule was attached to the golden bell which was 3.4mm bell body by soldering. When we tried to attach the granule by a modern metalwork, we could know that this technique was hard to make the replica bell. We could prove how to adhere strongly to the golden granule by tension testing. First of all, we made the soldering of the same composition as the golden bell excavated from the Gamunsa temple and then prepared specimens for testing to measure the tension strength. It showed that the broken position was not a soldering part. This result showed how the ancient granule could maintain without a break for a long time.
유물의 비파괴 조사 연구-청원 미천리 고분 출토 유물을 중심으로
문환석,조남철,김성배,Moon, Whan-Suk,Jo, Nam-Cheol,Kim, Seong-Bae 국립문화재연구소 1999 保存科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-
We performed the non-destructive analysis of objects excavated at the Tomb of Mich’un-ri in Ch’ung-won. We analysed components using of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Micro-Fluorescence Analyzer. Glass bead inlaid with silver was classified as K2O-CaO-SiO2 type of glass. Purity of silver inlaid in the surface was verified above 97%.All small ear-ring were made by rolling up gold broad to a bronze wick. The composition ratio of Au : Ag has significantly higher 87 : 11 than bigear-ring. As a result of composition analysis of a welded part with big ear-ring, it contained the more Cu, Hg contents and the less Au, Ag contents than the surface of big ear-ring.
고대 유리구슬의 재질분석 연구-고성 내산리 출토 유리구슬을 중심으로
문환석,황진주,조남철,홍종욱,Moon, Whan-Suk,Hwang, Jin-Ju,Cho, Nam-Chul,Hong, Jong-Ouk 국립문화재연구소 2000 保存科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-
We performed the scientific analysis through composition analysis, micro-structure investigation, melting point and hardness test to the glass beads excavated at Naesanri in Gosung. Through this investigation, we could examine closely the characterization of raw materials and manufacture technique As a result of micro-structure investigation of glass beads, it appeared that the bubbles in glass beads have remained. Coloring agents of yellow glass bead was remained to the shape of inclusion. And on observing the transparent solid particle, we can know that these do not melt the raw materials because of low melting temperature of a crucible. The result of composition analysis of all glass beads using ICP, these were classified as $Na_2O_2$-$SiO_2$ type of glass. Also, these added to $AI_2O_3$ to improve the durability. The value of Vickers hardness of glass beads appeared the HV 490-530. The HV 1,440 of the transparent solid particle was much more than that of inner glass bead. This means that raw materials do not melt because of a low melting temperature of a crucible. The result of melting temperature analysis of glass beads using DSC/TGA, it was measured about $1,250^{\circ}C$.
문환석,황진주,김선덕,강대일,정기정,정영동,Moon, Whan-Suk,Hwang, Jin-ju,Kim, Sun-Duk,Kang, Dai-Ill,Jung, Ki-Jung,Jung, Young-Dong 국립문화재연구소 1995 保存科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-
Several comparisons of treatment methods for stabilizing corroded Chinese coins at Shin-an marine sites were investigated. In aqueous solution, the seexamination were performed to show whether chloride ions are gradually removed, patination changes are acceptable and archaeological details are identified. The six desalting methods showed that the orders of removal of chloride ions were ranked electrolysis (electolyte : 0.1M sodium sesqui.)> 5% sodium dithionite(1M NaOH)> 5%sodium dithionite(0.1M sesqui.)> 5% citric acid> 0.1M sodium sesquicarbonate>deionized water. As the examinations of moisture absorption to the relative humidity has compared for bronze disease, all of desalted coins for the R.H 53% and R.H 75%except to R.H 95% are showed serious bronze disease.
주조철제 유물 보존처리-경복궁 드므 보존처리를 중심으로
문환석,Moon, Whan-Suk 국립문화재연구소 1998 保存科學硏究 Vol.19 No.-
The Dumu of casted iron objects which is the big vessel for the prevention of fire to wood building is conserved in Kyongpok Palace(Dumu sizes:diameter 97cm, height 42cm, thickness 2cm, weight 250kg). The treated objects which some parts were lost, were not corroded, but cracted and broken by an external power, and strongly attached an cement layer on inside surface. First of all cement layer was mechanically removed by pneumatic needle scaler, welded to electric method for broken and cracked pieces, and then the lost sections were restored to use a epoxy resin and glass fiber. In order to prevent a damage during the handling, the restoration section of the inside surface was treated different colour in comparison with original part.
소장 금속유물의 과학적 보존처리-보물 제930호 및 이완장군 유품을 중심으로
문환석,정기정,김선덕,Moon, Whan-Suk,Jung Ki-Jung,Kim, Sun-Duk 국립문화재연구소 1995 保存科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-
We conserved efficiently artifacts such as Pole(Treasure No. 930)and Helmet(General of Lee, Wan:1602∼1674) which are housed in the historical department, Kyonggi-do provincial office. It were carrying out physical and chemical methods for removing corrosion products at the same time. During the treatment, the spear was proved to coat gold amalgam on the surface and the pole restored its original state as a result using X-ray fluorescence analysis and Radiography, in addition, we could find their skill and technology by examining the section painted lacquer with wooden by microscopy.
문환석,류인숙,Moon, Whan-Suk,You, In-Sook 국립문화재연구소 1998 保存科學硏究 Vol.19 No.-
Three-story Stone Pagoda(East) on Kamǔnsa temple constructed in A.D. 682 during the reign of King Shinmun-wang of the Unified Shilla period(668~935) was repaired by Cultural Properties Office in 1996. At that time, 27 objectsincluding sari case, small Buddha etc. were excavated. The 26 objects on foundation parts have been treated. Several objects were analyzed by EDXRF. As a result, the small Buddha of gilt bronze was proved to be an gold amalgam. The degree of gold purity was about 22K, and the excellence of gold-refining technique of that day was verified.