포도당을 이용하여 성장하는 Acinetobacter sp. Strain JC1 DSM 3809에 존재하는 Catalase

신경주,노영태,김영민,Shin, Kyoung-Ju,Ro, Young-Tae,Kim, Young-Min 한국미생물학회 1994 미생물학회지 Vol.32 No.2

포도당을 이용하여 성장하고 있는 호기성 일산화탄소 산화 세균인 Acinetobacter sp. Strain JC1 DSM 3808애 존재하는 catalase의 활성은 지수성장기 중반에서 높게 나타났으나, 지수성장기 후반 및 정체기 초기에서 낮아졌다가 정체기 중기에서 급격히 증가한 후 다시 감소하였다. 이 세균에는 세종류(Cat1, Cat2, Cat3)의 catalase가 존재하였는데, Cat1과 Cat3의 활성은 성장시기에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 Cat2의 활성은 성장시기에 따라 큰 변화를 나타내었다. Cat3는 이 세균이 포도당을 이용하여 성장할 때만 생성되었고, 일산화탄소나 메탄올을 이용하여 성장할 때는 생성되지 않았다. 세포추출액을 ethanol과 chloroform으로 처리한 후 활성염색을 하였을 때 Cat1과 Cat3의 활성은 안정하였으나 Cat2는 활성을 상실하였다. 세포추출액을 20mM $H_2O_2$와 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole(AT)을 처리하였을 때 Cat1과 Cat3의 활성이 반감되었고, Cat2는 $H_2O_2$에 의해서는 불활성되었으나 AT의 영향은 받지 않았다. Cat1은 80$^{\circ}C$ 1분간 열처리후에도 활성을 나타내었으나, Cat2와 Cat3는 60$^{\circ}C$와 70$^{\circ}C$에서 1분간의 열처리 후 각각 활성을 상실하였다. Cat2는 catalase 활성외에 peroxidase의 활성도 나타내었다. 일곱단계의 과정을 거쳐 포도당에서 성장시에만 생성되는 Cat3를 정제하였다. 정제된 Cat3의 크기는 150,000이었고, 63,000의 크기를 가진 두개의 동일한 소단위로 구성되어 있었으며, $H_2O_2$에 대한 K_m값은 39mM과 58mM로 나타났다. 정제된 효소의 활성을 위한 최적 pH는 7.0이었으나 전반적으로 pH 6~9에서 비슷하게 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 정제된 효소의 최적온도는 40$^{\circ}C$이었으며 20~50$^{\circ}C$에서 비슷한 활성을 나타내었고, 30$^{\circ}C$에서는 60분동안 효소활성이 거의 상실되지 않았다. 정제된 효소는 ethanol과 chloroform 처리에는 안정하였으나 12mM AT 와 0.1mM $NaN_3$ 및 1mM KCN에 의해 90% 이상의 활성이 억제되었다. Cells of Acinetobacter sp. strain JC1 DSM 3803, an aerobic monoxide-oxidizing bacterium, growing on glucose exhibited high catalase activity at the mid-exponential growth phase. The enzyme activity decreased gradually after then until the early stationary phase, increased again at the mid-stationary phase, and then decreased again thereafter. Cells growing on glucose was found to contain three kinds of catalses. Cat1, Cat2 and Cat3. The activities of Cat1 and Cat3 did change significantly during growth, but that of Cat2 exhibited significant variation. Cat3 was found to present only in cells growing on glucose, but not in cells growing on carbon monoxide of methanol. The activities of call and Cat3 in cell-free extracts were stable upon treatment with ethanol and chloroform, but decreased to some extent when the enzymewere treated with 2mM $H_2O_2$ and/or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT). Cat2 was found to be extremely sensitive to the ethanol-chloroform and $H_2O_2$ treatments, but was insensitive to the AT treatment. Cat1 exhibited enzyme activity after incubation for 1 min at 80$^{\circ}C$. Cat2 and Cat3 did not show enzyme activity after incubation for 1 min at 60$^{\circ}C$ and 70$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Cat2 was found to have peroxidase activity. Cat3 was purified to homogenity in seven steps. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 150,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis revealed two identical subunits of molecular weight 65,000. The enzyme was found to show two $K_m$ values of 39 mM and 58mM. The optimal pH for the enzyme activity was 7.0, but the activities at pH 6.0, 8.0, and 9.0, were found to be comparable to that at the optimal pH. The optimal temperature for the enzyme activity was found to be 40$^{\circ}C$. The enzyme also exhibited strong activity at 20$^{\circ}C$, 30$^{\circ}C$, and 50$^{\circ}C$. The purified enzyme was not affected by the ethanol-chloroform treatment. The enzyme, howerver, showed less than 10% of the original activity when it was treated with 12 mN AT, 0.1 mM $NaN_3$ of 1mM KCN.

고콜레스테롤 조건하에 배양된 HepG2에서의 ginsenoside-Rb₂에 의한 LDL receptor 억제 완화 기전

임그리워(G-Rewo Lim),이현일(Hyun-Il Lee),김은주(Eun-Ju Kim),노영태(Young-Tae Ro),노연희(Yun-Hee Noh),구자현(Ja-Hyun Koo) 고려인삼학회 2004 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.28 No.2

The effect of ginsenoside-Rb2, one of a major pharmacological component of Panax ginseng c.A. Meyer. on low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression was investigated and compared with hypocholesterolemic dl1lg lovastatin. In HepG2 cell. exogenous cholesterol decreased LDL receptor mRNA expression, but ginsenoside-Rb2 recovered this reduction of LDL receptor mRNA up to normal expression level. Lovastatin also increased LDL receptor mRNA expression as similar as ginsenoside-Rb2 did. The reduction of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) transcription by exogenous cholesterol was also similarly recovered by ginsenoside-Rb2 and lovastatin addition. Compound K, a metabolite of ginsenoside-Rb2 and -Rb I by human intestinal bacteria also increased the SREBP mRNA expression in cholesterol-enriched condition. Ginsenoside-Rb2 seems to up-regulate LDL receptor mRNA expression through the induction of de 1101'0 SREBP transcription. Therefore. increased expression of SREBP mRNA by ginsenoside-Rb2 elevated the LDL receptor mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. and these inductions possibly drop the plasma cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemia patients. ill vivo, as likely in case of lovastatin.

Olympic體操競技의 링 規定演技 變遷에 관한 硏究

노영태 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was analyzed regarding rings compulsory exercise during 68 years from the 9th Amsterdam Olympic Game to the 26th Atlanta Olympic Games as follow: 1. Swings through the hang stemme, kips, and upward swing and dislocate of the hang stemme skills were utilized in competition in Olympic Games. Also, 45 degree was required when rearward swings through the hang stemme and unbending arm practice was emphasized in the Olympic Games. 2. Since the 15th Olympic Game, back kip was not utilized any more. Upward swing and dislocate skill was developed to felo upward swing and dislocate and handspring. It was important skill to learn controling not only power but also unstable rings and body. 3. The earlier stage, low shoulder height was utilized when in locate stretched and dislocate backward stretched performed and rings height was control to higher than shoulder. 4. Press to handstand with straight body and bent arms among press to handstand was utilized the most frequently in Olympic Games. Free support scale, hanging scale front ways, hanging scale rearways, and cross were selected as compulsory exercise in the Olympic Games. Press to handstand, free support scale, and cross were as compulsory exercise as well as free skill, so it was emphasized in practice situation. 5. The rate of executed with strength and executed with swing were 58.1% vs 41.9% before 1956. The rate of executed with strength and executed with swing were 50% vs 50% from 1960 to 1964. The rate of executed with strength and executed with swing were 45.6% vs 54.4% from 1970 to 1980. The rate of executed with strength and executed with swing will be 50% to 50% in the 26th Atlanta Olympic Games. 6. Salto backward was more frequently utilized in the Olympic Game than salto forward among dismounts. However, rings compulsory exercise required more precise skill and skilled skill were required in the Olympic Games. Therefore, researchers emphasized salto forward and turn skill in practice situation.

Rings 내리기 技의 變遷에 關한 硏究

魯永泰 釜山大學校 師範大學 1985 교사교육연구 Vol.11 No.-

This study was investigated and analized on the rings dismount skill of world outstanding gymnastic athletes from The 1952 Fifteenth Helsinki Olympic Games to The 1985 Asian Youth Games during the 33 years. The results were as followings; 1) There were no significant development in 1950s and 1960s, but a little changes; In early 1950s, salto backward on stretched to dismount skill was performed, middle 50s, salto backward stretched with 1/2 turn to dismount was prevalently done. In 60s, the changes, from salto backward tucked to dismount to dobble salto backward tucked dismount. 2. In 1970s, there were the most significantly developed in rings dismount skill; salto backward streched with 2/1 turn dismount, triple salto backward tucked to dismount, dobble salto backward tucked with 1/1 turn to dismount, streched double salto badkward to dismount, dobble salto forward tucked dismount, dobble salto forward tucked with 1/2 turn to dismount, salto forward with 1/2 turn and salto backward tucked to dismount. 3) In 1980s, dobble salto backward piked 1/1 turn to dismount and dobble salto backward tucked with 2/1 turn to dismount techniques were developed, but dobble salto backward tucked with 1/1 to dismount, triple salto backward tucked to dismount, dobble salto forward tucked to dismount methods were also continued. 4) The frequencies of using dismounts skill were as fowllows; In 60s, salto backward stretched 1/1 turn to dismount(80.6%), In 70s, dobble salto backward tucked with 1/1 turn to dismount (27.8%), In 80s, dobble salto backward with 1/1 to dismount (33.3%) and stretched dobble salto backward to dismount (30.3%). 5) The duration of using dismount skill was as follow; dobble salto backward tucked to dismount was used from 1966 to 1985 during 19 years, salto backward stretched with 2/1 turn to dismount was performed from 1954 to 1972 during 18 years, dobble salto backward tucked with 1/1 turn to dismount was showed from 1973 to 1985 during 12 years.

Olympic 鐵棒 規定演技 變遷에 關한 硏究

魯永泰 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1990 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

During 64 years from the 9th Amsterdam Olympic in 1928 to the 25th Barsellona Olympic in 1990, the results of analysis to horizontal bar compulsory exercise in Olympic were as follows. 1. Reverse grip is linked with shaking hand stand, one arm in reverse almost with ordinary grip making a 1/2turn, ordinary grip with one arm in revers. The holding method of grip has appeared to change every Olympic since the 17th Olympic. 2. Kip is needed diverse excercise as a pushing hand stand displaying a ordinary or reverse kip, hand stand, a progressing 1/2turn. 3. Giant forward swing and giant backward swing are put into practice 43times (thus, the average is used 2.9 times). As soon as making 1/1turn as a swing without a extra swing and directly is structured to link next excercise. 4. As stoop circle rearways forward and elgrip back uprise is continued to use from the 22th Olympic, in future Olympic, a elgrip giant swing action is also expected to include. 5. Straddle circle forward and backward or stoop circle forward and backward are a basic stage to end. Straddle and stalder techniques. Therefore, it appeared that the former are not used form after the 22th Olympic, the latter being continuously used from the 23th Olympic will be continued to use in Olympic conpulsory excercise infurture. 6. Dismouts will be used among hecht or straddle hecht to dismount, salto backward stretched with 1/1turn dismount, salto forward stretched with 1/2turn dismount, and double backward somersault tucked dismount.

GROUP DYNAMICS AND LEADERSHIP FOR COACHES AND ATHLETES

Ro, Young-Tae,Lee, Keun-Mo 釜山大學校 師範大學 1992 교사교육연구 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 코치들이 선수들을 지도하는 지도의 구조적인 것과 이론적인 연구를 함으로써, 한국 체육의 현실에 적당한 지도 방법을 위해 연구 개발을 위함이다. 팀 스포츠에서 지도자가 선수들을 지도하는데 있어서 효과적인 지도방법과 팀주장이 팀을 이끌어 갈때의 지도력은 팀의 단결력 향상에 무척 중요한 요소중의 하나이다. Hersey와 Blanchard (1982)는 지도력은 주어진 상황에서 개인성원 또는 집단의 활동에 영향을 주는 과정이라고 했으며, Jensen (1983)은 지도력은 목적을 달성하기 위해 사용되는 도구이다. 운동집단에서의 효과적인 Leadership을 증대시키기 위하여 아래의 요소들이 필요하다. 지도자는 자기 능력, 성격, 특성등을 파악하여 지도 기술의 개발·향상에 노력하고, 성원의 가정환경, 성장과정, 개성, 능력, 개인의 당면문제 등을 정확히 파악함으로써 효율적인 집단을 운영하는데 도움이 되며, 집단상황의 변화에 정확한 상황파악과 이해가 필요하다. 지도자는 성원의 동기를 유발하기 위한 요인으로 상벌, 경쟁과 협동, 개인과 집단, 성공감, 목적과 결과의 지식, 흥미의 이용 등을 정확히 파악하여 융통성있게 이용하며, 스포츠 상담을 활용하여 특히 스포오츠 기술문제, 체력관리문제, Team Work, 집단내에서 오는 긴장 등을 해소시켜야 한다 (백. 1983). 본 연구 핵심은 지도력의 이론, 지도력의 종류, 학생 또는 선수들에 어떤 바람직한 방법을 이용하는 것이 효과적인가를 연구하였다. 여러가지 이론중에 민주적인 지도자 또는 지도방법이 매우 중요하고 효과적이므로 스포츠 지도자에게 권유하고 싶다. 그이유로는 지도자와 선수간에 서로 대화통로 (Communication Channel)가 열려 있어야만 선수의 신체적 정신적 상태를 보다 정확하게 파악 할 수 있고, 지도자가 원하는 바를 정확하고 신속하게 전달된다. 보다 더 중요한 것은 선수와 지도자간의 신뢰성의 향상 및 유지를 위해서는 민주적인 지도방법이 권위주의적이고 일방적인 방법보다 효과적이다.

A Study on Role of Gymnastics Coach Characteristics(Survey-1989)

Ro, Young-Tae,Lee, Keun-Mo 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1991 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 체조 코치들의 지도 태도와 지도력의 특성을 분석, 연구하여 미래의 체조 교육에 도움이 되고자 한다. 이 연구에 사용된 총32문항의 질문지는 다양한 체조 코치들의 지도 태도와 지도력의 특성을 측정하기 위하여, 미국 여자 체조 코치 협회(U.S. Elite coaches Association for women's for Women's Gymnastics)에서 신뢰도(Reliability)와 타당도(Validity)를 고려하여 만들어졌다. 응답자(N=95)는 미국 체조 코치 연맹 학술회(U.S. Gymnastion Federation Coaches Congress)에 참여한 코치들(N=1000)중에서 '편의에 따른 무작위 추출 방법' (Convenient Random Sampling)을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 자료 분석을 위하여 기술적 통계 방법(Descriptives Analysis)을 사용하였다. 응답자들의 특징은 미혼 남자(26~35)이며, 코치 경력은 11-15년, 과거에 선수의 경험이 있었으며, 수입은 연 15000-25000불 정도였다. 응답자는 83.2%가 개인 체조 교습소에서 지도를 하고 있으며, 그 나머지는 지역사회 주민을 위해서, 또는 대학에서 지도하고 있었다. 특히 응답자들은 안전한 체조시설에 대해서 대단한 관심과 걱정을 가지고 있었다. 일반적으로 비선수를 지도할 경우, 코치는 6-10명을 지도하며, 시합에 직접 참여하는 선수를 지도할 경우, 코치는 4-6명을 지도하는 것이 보통이었다. 응답자 대부분의 코치들은 과학적이고 향상된 기술을 연구하는 만큼이나 중요하게 안전 교육과 기술에 관심을 가지고 있었다. 그러나 현실의 여건은 안전 교육과 기술에 대한 연구와 노력이 거의 없는 실정이었다. 본 연구에 따른 결론은, 코치의 선천적인 지도력과 다양한 경험은, 체조 선수들의 기술을 안전하고 계속적으로 발전시키는 점, 국제적인 경쟁력을 유지 시키는 점에서 매우 중요한 요소가 된다는 것이다. 또, 코치로서의 중요한 역할 중의 하나가, 선수들에게 단계적으로 지도하는 것과 향상된 기술을 위해 조언하는 것이다.