헤밍웨이 소설에 나타난 상징 연구

김효실(Kim Hyo-Sil) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2010 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.27

문학에서 작가의 중심사상을 심미적으로 전달하기 위해 사용되는 상징기법은, 구체적이고 사실적인 세부묘사를 사용하여 독자의 마음속에 눈으로 볼 수도 없고 손으로 만질 수도 없는 심상(心象)과 감정을 일관성 있게 불러 일으켜 명백한 실체감을 주는 표현방법이다. 상징은 어떤 단 하나의 물건, 자연의 일부분, 되풀이 되어 나오는 어떤 유형의 대상, 색깔, 소리, 향기, 분위기, 날씨, 등장인물들의 행동 양태나 말투, 나아가 문체에 이르기까지 다양하다. 본 논문은 헤밍웨이의 삶의 철학을 함축적으로 보여주고 있는 ??해는 또다시 떠오른다??에서 유기적 관계를 이루고 있는 헤밍웨이 규범, 문체 그리고 자연 상징물의 특징적 요소가 어떻게 상징화되고 있는지를 고찰하고자 한다. 제 1차 세계대전의 영향으로, 헤밍웨이는 견디기 힘든 현실을 용기 있게 대면하는 극기적 규범에 역점을 둔다. 이러한 헤밍웨이 규범은 주인공 제이크와 로메로의 삶의 모든 영역에 스며들어 있으며, 특히 시련을 경험한 브렛의 삶의 성숙된 경지를 반영하며 상징적 요소로써 작용한다. 절박한 상황아래에서도 인간적 위엄을 지키고자 하는 헤밍웨이 규범에는 정직과 진실만이 수용될 뿐 거짓과 비겁함은 내재될 수 없다. 헤밍웨이의 주제의식은 그대로 문체에 반영되어 글의 치장을 위해 추상적 어구나 수식어를 최대한 제한하여 진실만을 전달하고자하는 비정적 문체로 형상화된다. 비정적 문체로 이루어진 간결한 문장은 빠른 템포의 리듬을 타며 글의 탄력을 형성한다. 헤밍웨이는 이렇게 말을 삼가는 문체에서 생겨날 수 있는 의미전달의 공백을 자신이 직접 경험한 자연과 그 밖의 상징물을 이용하여 주인공이 처한 상황과 정서를 심미적으로 표현하였다. 헤밍웨이 규범, 문체 그리고 자연 상징물의 치밀한 상관관계가 바탕을 이루면서 헤밍웨이의 주제의식은 더욱 분명히 드러난다. The symbols in literature may be anything ranging from a minute object to a setting or style extensively, which serve to convey the writer's central ideas figuratively. The purpose of this study is to examine the code, the style, and the natural objects symbolically employed by Hemingway to grasp the themes of The Sun Also Rises. Hemingway's code reflects the main characters' behaviors representing grace under pressure, self-control, self-restraint, integrity, courage, and stoicism that match the basics of hard-boiled style comprising concrete and simple vocabularies. Hemingway's style is characterized by the understatement excluding eloquent and rhetoric expressions as symbol to convey the truth. The unsaid caused by the simple style embodying Hemingway's iceberg theory is aesthetically supplemented by some natural symbols and the others such as ‘rain’, ‘river’, ‘sea’, ‘snow’, ‘plane’, ‘mountain’, ‘wall’, and so on. Hemingway's code, style, and natural symbols have an organic relation to each other which implies how to lead an honesty life decently. In most of his works, the code hero bases his life on positive values and on the other hand, the anti-hero does his life on false ideas and ideals. Jake Barnes, the code hero in The Sun Also Rises who is sexually impotent and has trauma after World WarⅠ, accepts his bitter situation with dignity and manages to overcome the acute suffering. Another code hero Romero incorporates the innate stoic code as a great sportsman without deceiving the public in a bullfight. Interestingly, Brett Ashley, the heroine, plays both positive and negative roles in The Sun Also Rises. Because she is at the mercy of her desire and injures others, she belongs to the category of the anti-heroine. But in the end, Brett' s virtues are manifest in her heroic act, when she sends Romero away realizing that she could do nothing but lead him to ruin. Brett enters the category of code-hero by establishing her moral growth. Our understanding of his symbols is essential to our proper appreciation of his central ideas in his works.

Lustre 기반 스토리지 시스템에서 IO500 벤치마크 실행 및 최적 파라미터 적용에 관한 연구

김효실(Hyo-Sil Kim),황세진(Sejin Hwang),서병준(Byoungjun Seo),한주연(Juyeun Han) 한국정보과학회 2023 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2023 No.6

호텔 직원의 직무 스트레스, 감정고갈과 심리적 웰빙 간 관계 연구

김효실(Kim, Hyo-Sil),차석빈(Cha, Suk-Bin) 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2014 호텔경영학연구 Vol.23 No.4

헤밍웨이의 아이러니에 대한 제고

김효실(Kim, Hyo-Sil) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2016 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.48

『무기여 잘 있거라』(A Farewell to Arms, 1929)를 허무주의 접근에 역점을 두어 모호성(ambiguity)이나 역설(paradox)적 측면에서 아이러니를 분석해왔던 지금까지의 연구방식1)과 달리 본 논문은 인간이 불가피하게 맞이할 수밖에 없는 모순적 삶을 인식하여 그것의 한계를 넘어 인간의 영혼을 정화시켜 새로운 삶을 모색할 수 있도록 이끄는 기폭제로서의 아이러니의 역할을 고찰해보고자 한다. 인간은 아이러니를 인식함으로써 정신적으로 성숙해진다는 키에르케고르(Søren Kierkegaard)의 언급(Concluding, 504)은 주인공인 헨리(Frederic Henry)가 이성(reason)의 힘으로는 도저히 용납할 수 없는 부조리한 상황하에서도 냉철함을 잃지 않고 실존을 지향해 나갈 수 있는 이유를 설명해주는 단초가 된다. 극한 상황에 처한 헨리는 세상사의 간극에서 발생하는 아이러니를 깨닫는 것이 인간의 정신을 단련시킨다는 사실을 터득한 후 내레이터로서 가혹하리만큼 억제된 화법으로 전복되는 이야기들을 병치시켜 놓는다. 이렇게 병치된 이야기에서 생성된 아이러니는 문학의 흥미를 돋울 뿐만 아니라 독자들이 부조리한 사회의 실태를 깨닫게 하는 가교역할을 하고 있다고 사료된다. 어니스트 헤밍웨이(Ernest Hemingway 1899-1961)는 생존과 결부된 치열한 삶의 현장에서 조우한 아이러니를 고스란히 문자로 형상화시켜놓음으로써 독자들이 스스로 진정한 삶의 의미를 찾도록 이끈 아이러니 작가로서 죽음이나 전쟁과 같은 부조리한 삶으로부터 결코 자유로울 수 없는 독자들에게 실존적 삶의 방향을 제시하였다는 측면에서 『무기여 잘 있거라』의 교육적 가치를 논할 수 있겠다. Kierkegaard says that "Irony is the cultivation of the spirit.". This phrase is the clue that explains why the protagonist, Henry, could get oriented to life without losing a stoic attitude under the absurd situations that he cannot possibly control. As a narrator, Henry who has experienced extreme conditions juxtaposes the stories that show his reversed ideas in hard-boiled style, after he learned that realizing irony which occurs between the gaps of the worldly affairs can influence a matured spirit. The irony produced by the juxtaposed stories becomes a bridge to make not only the reader perceive inexplicable and unreasonable situations in the world but also this novel interesting. The irony Hemingway feels in human affairs takes shape in narrative patterns. The author expresses aesthetically the inner consciousness about the contradictions and inconsistencies of the world. The reader will pay tribute to the desperate efforts of Henry, who pursues true humanity and existential will as he realizes the profound irony he feels right before the inevitable situations.

부조리한 상황에 대한 인식과 대안 - 『동물원 이야기』와 『해는 또 다시 떠오른다』 -

김효실 ( Kim¸ Hyo-sil ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2011 영어권문화연구 Vol.4 No.2

This paper aims to analyze the characters’ action coping with absurd situation in Zoo Story and The Sun Also Rises. In Zoo Story Peter is a typical of solitude created due to lack of communication in the modern society. Jerry who is desperate to have a meaningful conversation tries to change Peter to communicate with others as he chooses death. In The Sun Also Rises Jake is motivated by his own consciousness of what is wrong and right even though he experienced absurd situation in World War Ⅰ. He helps Brett overcome difficult reality with of Postwar with Spirit of Sacrifice. The main characters in both works show their true minds to change the other with humanism.

퇴원손상 심층 조사자료를 이용한 의도적 자해손상에 관한 연구

김효실(Hyo Sil kim),이영아(Young Ah Lee) 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.8

본 연구는 2010년, 2020년의 퇴원손상 심층 조사자료를 이용하여 의도적 자해손상 및 의도적 자해로 인한 사망 환자들의 현황을 분석하고 10년간의 기간 동안 의도적 자해 및 사망특성의 차이와 사망에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 의도적 자해손상으로 퇴원한 2010년 19,682명, 2020년 19,423명을 대상으로 하였으며 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 의도적 자해 빈도수는 여성이 높았으나 사망률은 남성이 높았으며, 가장 높은 자해 빈도수를 보인 연령층은 40~64세의 장년층이었으나 가장 높은 사망률을 보인 연령층은 65세 이상의 노년층이었다. 자해방법으로 2010년에는 살충제 사용이 가장 높았으나 2020년에는 절반 수준으로 대폭 감소하였으며 사망을 초래한 가장 치명적인 자해방법은 질식이었다. 사망에 영향을 미치는 요인을 보기 위한 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 남성의 사망비율이 여성에 비해 2.4배 높았으며 연령이 높을수록 사망률이 높았다. 자해방법 중 질식이 사망에 치명적인 결과를 초래한 것으로 보아 성별, 연령, 자해방법이 사망에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 의도적 자해를 예방하기 위한 지역사회 네트웍을 구축하고 다양한 보건정책이 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다. This study analyzed the status of intentional self-harm and the characteristics of patients who died from intentional self-harm using the Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey Data in 2010 and 2020. The study also analyzed the differences in intentional self-harm and death characteristics over a 10-year period and the factors influencing death. The study included 19,682 patients discharged in 2010 and 19,423 patients discharged in 2020 due to intentional self-harm. The analysis results are as follows: the frequency of intentional self-harm was higher in women, but the mortality rate was higher in men. The age group with the highest frequency of self-harm was the 40-64-year-old age group, whereas the age group with the highest mortality rate was the elderly aged 65 years or older. In 2010, pesticide use was the most common method of self-harm, but it decreased significantly to half the level in 2020. Suffocation was the most fatal method of self-harm, resulting in death. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the mortality rate of men was 2.4 times higher than that of women, and the mortality rate increased with age. Suffocation, among the self-harm methods, had a fatal consequence for death, indicating that gender, age, and self-harm method had an impact on death. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a community network to prevent intentional self-harm and implement various health policies.

<구렁덩덩신선비>에 나타난 부부간 계층 갈등과 해결과정 연구 - 그 서사적 원형성과 드라마 변용 양상 -

김효실 ( Kim Hyo-sil ) 겨레어문학회 2017 겨레어문학 Vol.58 No.-

The meaning of `fairy tales` depends upon the time and cultures of the ages. `Gureong deongdeong sinseonbi` is describes the marriage process of men and women in heterogeneous cultures, the process of breaking down the marriage, and the process of resolving conflicts. The discovery of the discovery of a husband probing poorly in his previous research focuses on the key to solving conflicts caused by cultural differences. The ordeal of finding a husband`s quest is not merely a woman`s ordeal, but an effort to understand and gain access to her partner. This problem solving process is frequently seen in TV dramas dealing with conflicts between males and females.

제주시내 일부 초,중,고등학생들의 비만실태 및 비만 관련 요인

김효실 ( Hyo Sil Kim ),김현이 ( Hyun Lee Kim ),홍성철 ( Seung Cheol Hong ) 한국보건정보통계학회 2002 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.27 No.1

실어증 환자의 서술어로서의 형용사 산출 능력 연구

김효실(Hyo Sil Kim),성지은(Jee Eun Sung) 한국언어치료학회 2022 언어치료연구 Vol.31 No.4

Purpose : The purpose of the study was to compare the ability of individuals with aphasia to produce predicative adjectives with that of normal individuals by analyzing the three tasks of adjectives and the variables that significantly predicted the severity of aphasia. Methods : Fifteen individuals with aphasia and normal individuals who matched age and years of education participated. Participants used adjective production, picture description and storytelling. The accuracy of the adjective production and the ratio of predicative adjectives of the picture description and storytelling were analyzed. Results : The accuracy of individuals with aphasia in the adjective production was significantly lower than that of the normal individuals. The ratio of predicative adjectives in the picture description was higher in individuals with aphasia than in the normal individuals, but the difference was not significant. The ratio of predicative adjectives in the storytelling of normal individuals was significantly higher in individuals with aphasia. There was a significant correlation between adjective production and aphasia severity. Performance of adjective production was the most predictable variable of the severity of aphasia, and it was predicted by approximately 43%. Conclusions : This study not only emphasizes the importance of research on predicative adjectives for individuals with aphasia, but also examines the ability to produce predicative adjectives by individuals with aphasia, which was lacking in domestic studies. It is also meaningful in that it explains the characteristics of the adjectives shown by individuals with aphasia in connection with the characteristics of Korean. Furthermore, it has clinical significance in that it can expand the area of language evaluation for aphasia patients.

젠트리피케이션(gentrification)지역의 도시관광활성화 방안 연구 : 청주 수암골 마을을 중심으로

김효실(Hyo-Sil Kim) 한국관광연구학회 2020 관광연구저널 Vol.34 No.12

The purpose of this study was to present facilitation measures beneficial to both residents in a gentrification area and tourists visiting the place. For this purpose, the current residents were analyzed. For the analysis of the attributes related to urban tourism by the tourists visiting the place, the overall relationships among satisfactions were analyzed by applying the three-factor theory of customer satisfaction. The results are as follows. First, most of the residents were elderly, suggesting the need to develop financial assistance considering their characteristics. Second, four satisfaction factors for urban tourism were found and labeled urban cultural resources, leisure resources, human resources, and amenity resources. Third, the identified satisfaction factors with urban tourism were basic factor and excitement factor but not performance factor. The basic factor included the urban cultural resources factor, and the excitement factor included the amenity resources factor and the human resources factor. Fourth, the urban cultural resources factor refers to the basic factors that should be provided to urban tourists and should be maintained continuously. In addition, the development of urban cultural resources that allows tourists to participate or sympathize with the residents is recommended. Finally, leisure and human resources give advantages to the tourist destination by generating pleasure. The measures to promote the leisure resources factor include famous restaurants with local characteristics, high quality agricultural goods, and manufacturing facilities for food and beverages. For the management of the human resources factor, priority should be given to local residents in employment.