영성 지향적 여행을 통한 심리치료

김홍근,원수현 한국실천신학회 2018 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.62

길 떠남은 인간의 원형적이며 집단 무의식적인 표상이다. 왜냐하면 인간은 누구나 한 평생 동안 순례자의 길을 걸어가다가 본향으로 돌아가는 존재이기 때문이다. 여행 한다는 것은 인간 안에 내재되어 있는 기본적인 갈망을 추구하는 행위이다. 한 개인 은 무의식적으로 자신을 달래주고 의존할 수 있는 존재, 즉 이상화된 존재와 하나 되 는 갈망을 지니고 있다. 그 그리움의 대상은 사람일수도 있고, 어떤 나라, 어떤 장소, 문화, 예술일 수도 있다. 궁극적 그리움의 대상은 피조물인 자신을 창조하신 창조주이 다. 그러므로 여행은 단순히 낯선 곳으로 길 떠남이 아니라 궁극적 존재인 창조주와 의 합일을 열망하는 인간의 영성 지향적인 의례행위라고 할 수 있다. 박인정, 이영관은 여행의 치유양상과 치유과정을 5단계로 정리하였다. 김홍근, 원수 현은 영성 지향적 여행치료의 5단계를 제시했다. 본 연구에서는 프로이트가 분석한 ‘빌헬름 엔젠의 <그라디바>에 나타난 망상과 꿈’, 그리고 한국에 거주하는 프랑스 여 성 B의 사례를 여행치료의 5단계와 영성 지향적 여행치료의 5단계에 적용한다. B씨 는 프랑스에 생활할 때 심각한 우울증으로 극심한 어려움을 겪다가 자살까지 시도한적이 있다. 하지만 한국어에 대한 관심과 한국으로의 여행과 한국 사람을 통해서 자 신의 병리적 증상들을 극복하였다. 여행은 공간의 이동을 통해서 과거와 현재를 동시 에 경험하는 기회를 제공한다. 또한 여행은 장소 이동에 의하여 무의식의 의식화 작 업을 안전한 상태에서 드러내는 데 매우 훌륭한 촉매적인 역할을 한다. 그러므로 본 논문은 여행치료의 5단계와 영성 지향적 여행치료의 5단계에 프로이 트가 ‘빌헬름 엔젠의 <그라디바>에 나타난 망상과 꿈’을 분석한 것과 B씨 상담사례 를 적용한 것이다. 그리고 <그라디바> 소설에서 주인공 하놀트의 여행과 서울에 거 주하는 프랑스 여성 B씨가 한국 여행으로 인해 심각한 우울증이 치료되는 과정을 통 하여 이 두 사례를 영성 지향적인 여행이라는 관점으로 연구를 한 것이다. Going on a journey is the representation of humans' prototype and collective unconsciousness because every human is the being who takes the path of pilgrim for his/her lifetime and then goes back to the original home. Travel is the basic longing inherent in humans. Each individual has a desire for being united with a being that could be unconsciously relied on and an idealized being into one. The object of the longing could be a human, country, place, culture, or art. Therefore, the travel is not simply leaving for somewhere strange, but a spirituality-oriented ritual of humans longing for the unity with a ultimate being. This study researches the psychoanalytic psychotherapy with travel, based on the "delusion and dream shown in W. Jensens <Gradiva>" by Freud. We cans summarize the five stages of travel therapy such as travel decision stage, travel initial stage, real travel stage, travel last stage, and post-travel stage. The five stages of travel therapy are very similar to the process of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Based on it, this paper analyzes a case of French woman B residing in Korea in the perspective of spirituality-oriented travel therapy. When living in France, she even attempted to suicide because of serious depression. However, owing to her interest in Korean language, travel to Korea, and Korean people, she overcame her pathological symptom. Travel provides a chance to experience the past and the present simultaneously through the spatial movement. Also, as a catalyst for illusion by the spatial movement, the travel could reveal the consciousness of unconsciousness in the safe condition. As the travel is a catalyst for the revelation of unconsciousness that could bring about distortion and transformation, the images seen in the travel could be the materials of transformation. Starting from a hope for getting out of a symptom, the travel has a kind of self-therapeutic function, and also a function of taking back to the reality after enjoying the illusion as a part of effort to cognize the reality. This study conducts a research in the combination of the five stages of travel therapy and the spirituality-oriented meanings of each stage based on W. Jensens <Gradiva> by Freud, and the counseling case of a French woman B.

한국 아동 기억기능의 성차

김홍근,김용숙 한국임상심리학회 2016 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.35 No.1

This study was conducted to examine possible sex differences in memory ability among Korean children. A Korean version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) was administered to 314 Korean boys and 243 Korean girls between the ages of 7 and 15 years. Results indicated that Korean girls performed better than Korean boys on both memory tests. Five out of 9 memory measures (7 RAVLT, 2 RCFT) indicated a significant sex difference favoring girls. Of the remaining 4 measures, 3 indicated a higher mean performance for girls compared to boys. Effect sizes for the sex differences were relatively small in magnitude and mean d was .17 for RAVLT and .18 for RCFT. Many previous studies involving children as well as adults and older adults have shown significant differences in verbal memory performance favoring women over men. However, sex differences in visuospatial memory performance were less consistent across studies. Thus, it may be tentatively concluded that girls are superior to boys in verbal memory function. However, further studies are needed to draw a firm conclusion regarding sex differences in visuospatial memory function. Both biological and environmental factors likely contribute to sex differences in memory ability. However, given that sex differences in memory favoring women are found across different cultures and appear at a relatively early age, biological factors may play more important roles than environmental ones.

한국인의 기억기능: 연령, 교육수준, 성별과의 관련성

김홍근,김용숙 한국임상심리학회 2015 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.34 No.1

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether and how memory functions of Koreans are related to their age, education, and gender. To this end, we tested a large number of healthy Korean participants (N=736) aged 16-69 years using two memory scales. One was a verbal memory scale called Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the other was a visuospatial memory scale called Complex Figure Test. The obtained data were subject to multiple analyses of covariance and multiple paired-scores analyses. The results indicated three main findings. First, age accounted for the largest variance in memory scores. The effects of age on verbal memory scores were greater in the condition associated with longer delay and the condition associated with strategic retrieval. Second, education accounted for the second largest variance. The effects of education were greater in visuospatial than verbal memory domain and, within visuospatial domain, greater in the condition associated with strategic retrieval. Third, the effects of gender were restricted to verbal memory scores and indicated superiority of females over males. This gender effect was greater in the condition associated with strategic retrieval. In conclusion, memory functions of Koreans are related to their age, education and gender and these relationships differ, in part, as a function of which memory domain or process is measured. A main value of the current study lies in use of a large Korean sample that includes adolescents, adults, and older adults. Another main value lies in the construction of several paired scores and their systematic analyses.

실천논문 : 방성규 교수님의 "오순절 영성과 문화"에 대한 논찬

김홍근 한국오순절신학회 2005 오순절신학논단 Vol.4 No.-

지능검사와 신경심리검사는 무엇이 다른가?

김홍근 한국임상심리학회 2003 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.22 No.1

While neuropsychological testing has been proliferating in recent years, many clinicians have some doubts about its identity. The present review addressed the issue of ‘what is a neuropsychological test?’ by way of comparing intelligence and neuropsychological tests. The basic premise underlying this approach is that both intelligence and neuropsychological tests are examples of a cognitive test and thus similar in nature. Intelligence and neuropsychological tests were compared in terms of measurement aim, measurement method, and measurement domain. The main conclusion is that intelligence and neuropsychological tests exhibit no obvious differences in measurement aim or method, but clearly differ in measurement domain. An intelligence test measures attention, language skill, and visuospatial function, whereas a neuropsychological test measures attention, language skill, visuospatial function, memory, and executive function. Thus, the main difference between intelligence and neuropsychological tests lies in the fact that a neuropsychological test is a more comprehensive cognitive test than an intelligence test. Implications for this conclusion for practicing clinicians are discussed.

웰빙시대와 영성목회의 중요성

김홍근 한국복음주의실천신학회 2004 복음과 실천신학 Vol.8 No.-

건축외관에 있어 지속가능성 개념의 적용 가능성 고찰 ( On Adaptation of the Sustainability Concept for Architectural Appearances )

김홍근,이민섭 대한건축학회 2002 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.22 No.2

정신분열병에서 전두엽-관리기능의 차별적 결손: 3개 연구의 통합 분석

김홍근,이민영,서석교,최영주 한국심리학회 2009 한국심리학회지 일반 Vol.28 No.2

The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with greater deficit in executive function relative to other cognitive functions. To this end, we analyzed schizophrenic and control data from 3 independent studies. We compared performance of schizophrenic and control subjects on 6-paired tests in which one is associated with high involvement of executive function (high EF tests) and the other with low involvement of executive function (low EF tests). There were 3 main findings. First, cognitive deficits of schizophrenic subjects relative to control subjects were greater in high EF tests compared with low EF tests. Second, control subjects showed no significant difference in performance of high versus low EF tests, whereas schizophrenic subjects showed significantly lower performance in high versus low EF tests. Third, there were significant interactions between Group (control, schizophrenia) and Involvement of EF (high, low). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with differential deficit in executive function. They also suggest that schizophrenia is associated with deficits in frontal-subcortical circuits. 본 연구의 목적은 정신분열병에서 다른 인지기능에 비해 관리기능에 보다 심한 결손이 있다는 가설을 검증하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 3개의 독립된 연구에서 수집된 정신분열병 환자 및 정상인 자료를 통합 분석하였다. 관리기능 의존도가 높은 과제와 낮은 과제로 6개의 짝과제(paired task)를 구성하여 통제군과 정신분열병군을 비교하였다. 대부분의 짝과제 분석에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 통제군에 비해 정신분열병군의 수행이 낮은 정도는 관리기능 의존도가 낮은 과제에 비해 높은 과제에서 보다 심하였다. 둘째, 통제군에서는 관리기능 의존도가 높은 과제와 낮은 과제의 수행 간에 유의한 차이가 없었지만, 정신분열병군에서는 관리기능 의존도가 높은 과제의 수행이 유의하게 낮았다. 셋째, 집단(통제군, 정신분열병군)과 관리기능 의존도(높음, 낮음)의 상호작용은 유의하였다. 이 결과들은 정신분열병에서 다른 인지기능에 비해 관리기능에 차별적 결손이 있다는 가설을 지지한다. 또한 정신분열병 환자의 뇌에서 전두엽 및 관련 피질하부위에 특히 심한 결손이 있음을 시사한다.

불모의 땅을 옥토로 바꾼 형제들

김홍근 사회발전연구소 1987 한국인 Vol.6 No.5

일반연구 논문 : 욕동의 신앙에서 관계의 신앙으로 …

김홍근 한국목회상담학회 2005 목회와 상담 Vol.7 No.-