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김태엽,석기태,정성원,Tom Ryu,김동준,백순구,손주현,정우경,최은희,장재영,김문영 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.33
Background: This study aimed to determine the prognostic role of the categorized hemodynamic stage (HS) based on the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) in patients with portal hypertension. Methods: Of 1,025 cirrhotic patients who underwent HVPG measurement, data on 572 non- critically-ill patients were collected retrospectively between 2008 and 2013. The following two HS categorizations were used: HS-1 (6–9, 10–12, 13–16, 17–20, and > 20 mmHg; designated as groups 1–5, respectively) and HS-2 (6–12, 13–20, and > 20 mmHg). Clinical characteristics, mortality rates, and prognostic predictors were analyzed according to the categorized HS. Results: During the mean follow-up period of 25 months, 86 (15.0%) patients died. The numbers of deaths in HS-1 groups were 7 (6.3%), 7 (6.9%), 30 (18.0%), 20 (15.6%), and 22 (34.4%), respectively (P < 0.001). However, the traditional HVPG cutoffs of 10 and 16 mmHg did not improve the discrimination of mortality. In contrast, the mortality rates did differ significantly between the three HS-2 groups (P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, all models revealed that HS-2 was a common prognostic factor in predicting mortality. The mortality rates increased significantly according to HS-2 in patients with hypoalbuminemia (HVPG, 13–20 mmHg; hazard ratio [HR], 2.54 and HVPG > 20 mmHg; HR, 5.45) and intermediate model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score (HVPG, 13–20 mmHg; HR, 3.86 and HVPG > 20 mmHg; HR, 8.77; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Categorizing HVPG values according to HS-2 is a useful prognostic modality in patients with portal hypertension and can play an independent role in predicting the prognosis in patients with hypoalbuminemia and an intermediate MELD score.
김태엽 우리말글학회 2002 우리말 글 Vol.25 No.-
The primary purpose of this paper is to verify the propriety of drop level in hearer-honorific speech of korean. We have preferred 5matters as mentioned below to attain our purpose. There is not a pre-final ending to make low to hearer but a pre-final ending '-i-' to show respect to hearer in korean at the first step. The pre-final ending '-i-' is used to show respect hearer from the middle korean to modern korean. But pre-final ending to make low to hearer have no place in korean history. Secondly there is not humble words of 2,3personal pronoun but humble words of 1personal pronoun in korean. We can assume that 2,3personal pronoun carry out a role a role of hearer and 1personal pronoun carry out a role of peaker in discourse. Hence we can not set up drop level in hearer-honorific speech of korean. The final ending of embedded sentence in embedding sentence is selected grammatical forms that speech level of hearer-honorific speech is neutralized. The grammatical forms of final ending that is neutralized are '-da' in the case of declarative sentence and '-kka' in the case of interrogative sentence. The final ending '-da' and '-kka' are not the middle level in hearer-hnorific speech of korean. The grammatical forms of final ending that is neutralized must be selected the middle level, but is not selected the final ending of the middle level in korean. There are the subject-honorific speech and the object-honorific speech and the hearer-honorific speech in honorific speech of korean. Many scholars gave an account of until now that the subject-honorific speech and the object-honorific speech have not a drop level speech. And they gave an account of that the hearer-honorific speech has a drop level speech. But we don't think that the hearer-honorific speech has a drop level speech. Because the method of grammatical description lack consistency. We maintain that an honorific speech of korean is not a drop level speech. These phenomena agree with lexical system of korean. The lexical system of korean have not a drop level speech but an honorific speech and a horizontal speech. We checked up on the matter that an honorific speech of korean is not a drop level speech but a honorific level speech. And we are well acquainted with a propriety on the oppositional system of honorfic level speech and unhonorific level speech in korean honorific speech.(Daegu University)
김태엽 대구어문학회 1990 우리말 글 Vol.8 No.-
의존명사 ‘것’에 대해 이희승(1974)의 ‘국어 대사전’에는 항상 다른 말 아래에 붙어서, 그 말이 나타내는 사람 물건 일의 이름 대신으로 두루 쓰이는 말이라고 풀이되어 있다. ‘것’이 항상 다른 말 아래에 붙어 쓰인다함은 기능 수행의 자립성이 없음을 뜻하고, 사람 물건 일의 대신으로 쓰인다고 하는 것은 ‘것’의 기능이 대명사적이라는 사실을 말한다.