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앙상블 칼만 필터 기반 탄소추적시스템의 아시아 지역 탄소 순환 진단에의 적용
김진웅(JinWoong Kim),김현미(Hyun Mee Kim),조천호(Chun-Ho Cho) 한국기상학회 2012 대기 Vol.22 No.4
CO<SUB>2</SUB> is the most important trace gas related to climate change. Therefore, understanding surface carbon sources and sinks is important when seeking to estimate the impact of CO<SUB>2</SUB> on the environment and climate. CarbonTracker, developed by NOAA, is an inverse modeling system that estimates surface carbon fluxes using an ensemble Kalman filter with atmospheric CO<SUB>2</SUB> measurements as a constraint. In this study, to investigate the capability of CarbonTracker as an analysis tool for estimating surface carbon fluxes in Asia, an experiment with a nesting domain centered in Asia is performed. In general, the results show that setting a nesting domain centered in Asia region enables detailed estimations of surface carbon fluxes in Asia. From a rank histogram, the prior ensemble spread verified at observational sites located in Asia is well represented with a relatively flat rank histogram. The posterior flux in the Eurasian Boreal and Eurasian Temperate regions is well analyzed with proper seasonal cycles and amplitudes. On the other hand, in tropical regions of Asia, the posterior flux does not differ greatly from the prior flux due to fewer CO<SUB>2</SUB> observations. The root mean square error of the model CO<SUB>2</SUB> calculated by the posterior flux is less than the model CO<SUB>2</SUB> calculated by the prior flux, implying that CarbonTracker based on the ensemble Kalman filter works appropriately for the Asia region.
인버스 모델링 방법을 통해 추정된 대기 중 이산화탄소 농도와 항공 관측 자료 비교
김현정(Hyunjung Kim),김현미(Hyun Mee Kim),김진웅(Jinwoong Kim),조천호(Chun-Ho Cho) 한국기상학회 2016 대기 Vol.26 No.3
In this study, the atmospheric CO₂ concentrations estimated by CT2013B, a recent version of CarbonTracker, are compared with CO₂ measurements from the Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by Airliner (CONTRAIL) project during 2010-2011. CarbonTracker is an inversion system that estimates surface CO₂ fluxes using atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. Overall, the model results represented the atmospheric CO₂ concentrations well with a slight overestimation compared to observations. In the case of horizontal distribution, variations in the model and observation difference were large in northern Eurasia because most of the model and data mismatch were located in the stratosphere where the model could not represent CO₂ variations well enough due to low model resolution at high altitude and existing phase shift from the troposphere. In addition, the model and observation difference became larger in boreal summer. Despite relatively large differences at high latitudes and in boreal summer, overall, the modeled CO₂ concentrations fitted well to observations. Vertical profiles of modeled and observed CO₂ concentrations showed that the model overestimates the observations at all altitudes, showing nearly constant differences, which implies that the surface CO₂ concentration is transported well vertically in the transport model. At Narita, overall differences were small, although the correlation between modeled and observed CO₂ concentrations decreased at higher altitude, showing relatively large differences above 225 hPa. The vertical profiles at Moscow and Delhi located on land and at Hawaii on the ocean showed that the model is less accurate on land than on the ocean due to various effects (e.g., biospheric effect) on land compared to the homogeneous ocean surface.