요양병원간호사의 도덕적 민감성과 자기주장성이 윤리적 의사결정 자신감에 미치는 영향

김지아,강영실 한국산학기술학회 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.6

This study evaluated the moral sensitivity, self-assertiveness, ethical decision-making confidence and their correlations, and the factors that influence ethical decision-making confidence among nurses working in a long-term care hospital. Overall, 149 nurses working in a long-term care hospital in G Province were evaluated. The date was collected from November 30 2019 to December 18, 2019 and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. The mean of moral sensitivity among nurses was 4.94, the mean of self-assertiveness was 3.17 and the mean of ethical decision-making confidence was 3.49. The self-assertiveness will, according to the general characteristics, was significantly different according to experienced moral distress, and there was a significant difference in the degree of ethical decision-making confidence according to social positions and experience of ethical education. There were positive correlations between the ethical decision-making confidence and moral sensitivity (r=.382, p<.001) and self-assertiveness (r=.224, p<.01). Regression analysis revealed that the factors that significantly influenced ethical decision-making confidence were moral sensitivity, self-assertiveness and ethical education during nursing practice, which explained 25.0% of variance in ethical decision-making confidence. Therefore, to improve ethical decision-making confidence of nurses, programs should be developed that improve moral sensitivity and self-assertiveness by promoting ethical education. 본 연구의 목적은 요양병원 간호사의 도덕적 민감성, 자기주장성, 윤리적 의사결정 자신감의 정도, 상관관계, 윤리적 의사결정 자신감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 G도에 소재한 6개의 요양병원에 근무하는 간호사 149명으로, 자료수집은 2019년 11월 30일부터 12월 18일까지 시행하였으며 SPSS win 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation 및 Multiple regression으로 분석하였다. 대상자의 도덕적 민감성 정도는 평균 4.94점, 자기주장성 정도는 평균 3.17점, 윤리적 의사결정 자신감 정도는 평균 3.49점이었다. 일반적 특성에 따른 자기주장성 정도는 도덕적 고뇌 경험 유무에서 유의한 차이를 보였고, 윤리적 의사결정 자신감 정도에서는 직위와 윤리적 교육 경험 유무에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 윤리적 의사결정 자신감은 도덕적 민감성(r=.382, p<.001)과 자기주장성(r=.224, p<.01)과 유의한 정적 상관이 있었다. 요양병원 간호사의 윤리적 의사결정 자신감에 영향을 주는 변인은 도덕적 민감성과 윤리적 교육 경험 여부, 자기주장성임을 확인하였고, 윤리적 의사결정 자신감에 대한 이들 변인의 설명력은 25.0%였다. 따라서 요양병원 간호사의 윤리적 의사결정 자신감을 향상하기 위해서는 윤리적 교육을 통한 도덕적 민감성과 자기주장성을 함께 향상할 수 있는 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

Moderating Effect of Gender in the Relationship between Depression and Waketime Procrastination in Insomnia Patients

김지아,서수연 대한수면학회 2019 sleep medicine research Vol.10 No.2

Background and Objective Waketime procrastination (WP) is a behavior involving delaying getting out of bed in the morning despite being awake. Previous studies have noted a relationship between WP and depression, but there have been a lack of empirical studies investigating this relationship. This study aimed to examine the moderating effect of gender in the relationship between depression and WP in insomnia patients. Methods Participants consisted of 78 adults (men = 52.6%, women = 47.4%), who met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder. All participants completed the Korean version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (K-CESD-R) and sleep diaries for a week. WP behavior was calculated based on sleep diary data using the difference in time between wake time and time out of bed. Weekday and weekend sleep diary data were analyzed separately, as many individuals display different sleep behaviors on the weekend compared to the weekdays. Results Results indicated a significant positive relationship between WP and depression (r = 0.335, p < 0.01). Gender moderated the relationship between depression and WP on both weekdays and weekends [B = −1.239, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −2.092, −0.386 and B = 2.136, 95% CI = 0.643, 3.630, respectively]. Men with high depression showed more WP on weekdays, while women with high depression showed more WP on weekends. Conclusions WP may be an important behavior to consider in the clinical context of providing sleep treatment for individuals who are depressed, especially when considering gender differences.

두릅나무 '자오'의 체세포배 유도와 식물체 형성에 미치는 생장조절제 및 삼투압제 효과

김지아,문흥규,김용욱,Kim Ji-Ah,Moon Heung-Kyu,Kim Yong-Wook 한국식물생명공학회 2005 식물생명공학회지 Vol.32 No.2

체세포배 유도를 통해 두릅나무 역병 저항성 개체인 '자오'의 효율적인 재분화가 가능하였다. 절편에 따라 배발생 캘러스에 요구되는 생장조절제의 종류가 다르게 나타났다. 잎의 경우 MS 배지에 2,4-D와 TDZ, L-glutamine이 처리된 배지에서 캘러스와 체세포배의 유도가 양호하였으며, 엽병과 뿌리는 2,4-D 단독처리 시 가장 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 적정 배양조건하에서 배발생캘러스 유도율은 잎, 엽병, 뿌리로부터 각각 75%, 67% 및 83%를 나타냈다. 삼투압제 처리에 따른 체세포배의 발아율은 sucrose, glucose, maltose모두 90% 이상의 발아율을 보였으나, 식물체 형성은 2% sucrose에서 72%로 가장 좋았다. 어린 식물체는 생장조절제를 첨가하지 않은 1/2MS 배지에서 정상 식물체로 생장하였고, 인공상토에 이식하여 95% 이상 순화하였다. 본 실험결과는 두릅나무 역병 저항성 개체 '자오'의 체세포 배발생을 통한 기내 대량증식이 가능함을 보여주었다. Effective micropropagation system via somatic embryognesis was established for a Phytophthora resistant Aralia elata cultivar. Different kinds of growth regulators were needed to induce embryogenic callus with different explant sources. When leaf explants were used, a combination of 2,4-D, TDZ and L-glutamine was needed, whereas when petiole and root explants needed only 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. Embryogenic callus induction rate under the optimum culture condition was 75.0%, 67.0% and 83.0% from leaf, petiole and root segment, respectively. Somatic embryo germination and plantlet conversion rate appeared to be influenced greatly by various osmoticums. More than 90% of embryos germinated when treated with sucrose, glucose and maltose. However, the highest conversion rate (72%) was recorded on medium with 2% sucrose only. The converted plantlets grew normally on 1/2MS basal medium, were acclimatized on artificial soil mixture and survived more than 95% in the greenhouse condition. The results suggest that the species can be clonally propagated through in vitro culture system via somatic embryogenesis.

Validity and Reliability of a Korean Version of the Patulous Eustachian Tube Handicap Inventory (K-PHI) Questionnaire

김지아,최성원,오세준,공수근 대한이비인후과학회 부산,울산,경남 지부회 2021 임상이비인후과 Vol.32 No.2

Background and Objectives: Patulous Eustachian tube (PET) is a rare disease, but it seriously affects patients’ quality of life. There are various treatment methods for PET; however there are no standardized treatment guidelines. The PET handicap inventory (PHI) proposed by Ikeda in Japan has been an effective tool for evaluating the severity of PET. In this study, we evaluated the reliability and validity of the Korean version of PHI (K-PHI). Materials and Methods: Translation of the PHI into Korean was performed by two bilingual otologists. K-PHI was applied to the PET patients at the initial visit and after the treatment, and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the K-PHI. Patients were divided into two groups according to their treatment methods, and their K-PHI scores were categorized and compared. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha value of the K-PHI was 0.889, similar to the original version PHI (0.887). The Spearman rank correlation coefficients among the ten items, total score, and visual analog scale score for the PET symptoms and total score were calculated, and the significant values were less than 0.05. Conclusions: The K-PHI is a reliable and valid questionnaire to evaluate the severity of PET. Therefore, after an accurate diagnosis is made, the K-PHI can be applied to follow PET patients’ symptoms.

이관질환의 치료

김지아,공수근 대한이비인후과학회 부산,울산,경남 지부회 2022 임상이비인후과 Vol.33 No.4

The patients with Eustachian tube disorder could complain of various symptoms, such as earfullness, tinnitus, hearing disturbance, otalgia, or autophony. It is important to accurately diagnose the disease and choose appropriate treatment method to prevent further complaints or complications from the disorder. For all types of Eustachian tube dysfunction, conservative therapy should be the first choice, especially when duration of the symptom is short or transient. Even if the symptoms do not improve and persist, surgical therapy could be considered. For the dilatory Eustachian tube dysfunction, surgical therapy includes ventilation tube insertion, adenoidectomy, and balloon Eustachian tuboplasty. For the patulous eustachian tube dysfunction, there are various surgical methods: ventilation tube insertion, mass loading on the tympanic membrane, invasive Eustachian tuboplasty, injection to nasopharyngeal Eustachian tube orifice, trans-tympanic or trans-nasal catheter insertion, and trans-tympanic silicone plug insertion. It is important to select the appropriate treatment methods according to the degree of improvement of symptoms.

아동중심 놀이언어치료 프로그램의 개발 및 효과: 치료사중심 언어치료와의 비교

김지아,한유진 한국언어치료학회 2018 言語治療硏究 Vol.27 No.2

Purpose: Language‐impaired children are suffer linguistic and psychological difficulties. This study developed a child-centered play intervention program, tested its effectiveness and compared it with a clinician-directed intervention program. In addition, it aimed to increase language‐impaired children’s vocabulary size, communication intent, and psychological activity. Methods: The subjects of this study were 3- to 5-year-old language‐impaired children. They were divided into an experimental group (N=6; Child-Centered play intervention Group=CCG), a comparative group (N=6; Clinician-Directed intervention Group=CDG), and a control group (N=6). The One-on-one individual sessions were applied twice a week, for a total of 16 times. Data were analyzed through SPSS 18.0. A non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to examine difference between the results. Spontaneous speech was collected and analyzed for the analysis of vocabulary size and communication intent. Results: This program was developed as a language impairment intervention program consisting of basic principles, play environment, parent counseling, clinician’s roles, and techniques. After the application of the program, every group showed increased vocabulary size and communication intent. However, CCG showed a larger increase in vocabulary size. With regard to communication intent, CCG showed a large increase in subjective statements, CDG showed a large increase in responses. CCG showed improvement in psychological activity, however CDG showed no significant change.. Conclusions: This study developed an intervention program integrating both play therapy and speech therapy and provided a theoretical frame for new intervention strategies applicable in the field. It also developed an intervention approach handle both children’s linguistic and psychological difficulties and by doing so, suggested a new intervention program mitigating children’s psychological problems and enhancing their language abilities. The study presented specific child-centered methods and examples for speech therapists’ easy application. 목적: 언어장애아동은 언어문제와 심리적 어려움을 동시에 가진다. 본 연구는 아동중심 놀이언어치료 프로그램을 개발하여 프로그램의 효과성을 검증하고 치료사중심 언어치료 프로그램과의 차이를 검증한다. 본 프로그램을 통해 언어장애아동의 어휘량을 증가시키고 의사소통 의도를 증진시키며 심리적 능동성을 향상시키는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 본 연구의 대상은 생활연령 만 3세에서 만 5세 사이의 언어장애아동으로 아동중심 놀이언어치료 실험집단 6명, 치료사중심 언어치료 비교집단 6명, 통제집단 6명이다. 프로그램은 주 2회씩 총 16회기(60분/1회기)를 개별 프로그램으로 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 수집된 자료 분석은 SPSS 18.0 통계프로그램을 이용하였으며, 실험집단, 비교집단, 통제집단 내 각 척도별 사전-사후 검사 결과 차이를 알아보기 위해 비모수 검정인 Wilcoxon signed rank test를 실시하였으며, 어휘량과 의사소통 의도를 분석하기 위하여 자발화 수집을 통한 자발화 분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 본 연구의 주요 결과는 아동중심 놀이언어치료 프로그램은 기본 원리, 놀이 환경, 부모 상담, 치료사의 역할, 기법으로 구성된 언어장애 중재 프로그램으로 개발되었으며, 프로그램 실시 후 아동중심 놀이언어치료집단과 치료사중심 언어치료집단 모두에서 어휘량과 의사소통 의도가 증가하였으나, 아동중심 놀이언어치료집단에서의 어휘량의 증가폭이 더 컸으며 의사소통 의도에서 아동중심 놀이언어치료집단은 주관적 진술의 증가가 높게 나타났고 치료사중심 언어치료집단은 반응의 증가가 높게 나타났다. 아동중심 놀이언어치료집단의 심리적 능동성이 향상되었으나 치료사중심 언어치료집단에서는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 결론: 본 연구는 놀이치료와 언어치료의 다 영역간의 통합된 중재 프로그램으로써 언어치료 현장에서 사용할 수 있는 새로운 언어치료 중재 전략의 이론적 틀을 제시하였으며, 언어장애아동의 언어적, 심리적 어려움을 동시에 다루어 주는 중재 접근법을 개발함으로써 언어장애아동에게 심리적 문제를 감소시켜주고 동시에 언어능력을 향상시켜주었다. 또한 아동중심에 대한 구체적인 방법과 예시를 제시하여 언어치료사들이 현장에서 사용하기 용이하도록 하였다.

탄소급원처리에 의한 기내 더덕 식물체의 비대근 형성

김지아,문흥규,최용의 한국식물생명공학회 2013 식물생명공학회지 Vol.40 No.3

In this experiment, we report for the first time mass propagation by in vitro mircrotuberization of Codonopsis lanceolata. We first examined the effect of cytokinins on multiple shoot induction. 2.0 mg·L-1 of kinetin not only gave the highest rate of shoot induction (19.1%) but also the elongation of shoot (17.1 mm). Secondly, we investigated the effect of sugars on in vitro microtuberization from nodal segments. The diameter of tuberous roots was enlarged in the half-strength MS medium supplemented with 145.9 mM sucrose. Histological analysis revealed that the number of parenchymatous cell containing starch grains increased in the tuberous roots. In addition, unlike in non-tuberous root, vascular bundles were scattered inner cortex layer. Thirdly, in order to preserve and stimulate the germination, microtubers were stored at 4℃ refrigerator during 9 months and then transplanted to the artificial soils (vermiculrite : peatmoss = 1:1 v/v), resulting that the rates of survival and germination were 75% and 70%, respectively. These results indicated that mass propagation of C. lanceolata was achieved by in vitro microtuber formation, suggesting that this protocol might be applied for not only the propagation of elite clones but also conservation of C. lanceolata germplasm.

Elicitor처리가 더덕사포닌 함량에 미치는 영향

김지아,배기화,최용의 한국식물생명공학회 2015 식물생명공학회지 Vol.42 No.3

The roots of Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) contain several kinds of triterpenoid saponin with high medicinal values, which have been used in traditional medicines. This study investigates the impacts of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) - adding time on the saponin synthesis and the hairy root growth of C. lanceolata. A significant decrease in major saponin (lancemaside of three kinds) content of hairy roots was observed with MeJA treatments. Contents of lancemaside A, B and E decreased about 15% more than non-treated hairy roots. In contrast, minor saponin (foetidissimoside A and aster saponin Hb) accumulation was about 15% higher than the non-treated hairy roots. These results suggest that MeJA treatment could be used in the production of teriterpene saponins.

TREND - 욕실이 달라지고 있다

김지아 현대건축사 2002 (월간)Maru Vol.- No.9

Relationship between the surface property of gate dielectric layers and the electrical property of organic thin film transistor

김지아,강지훈,한미정,김장주,윤도영 한국고분자학회 2004 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2004 No.04