자궁내막증을 가진 한국여성에서 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP- 1) 유전자 다형성양상 및 체액내 MCP- 1 농도

김자연,구승엽,지병철,서창석,김석현,최영민,문신용,김정구 대한산부인과학회 2006 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.92 No.-

동화에서 남녀 평등의 문제

김자연 한국여성문학학회 2001 여성문학연구 Vol.6 No.-

동화는 단순한 이야기 전개 속에서도 그 자체가 가지고 있는 다양한 특성으로 인해 어린 시기 아동들의 인식과 태도에 많은 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 인간이 최초로 접하게 되는 동화문학에서 남녀는 공평하게 다루어야 할 주체이다. 서구에서는 아동문학 분야에도 페미니즘이 확대되어 있고 우수한 동화들이 성인문학과 똑같이 여성문학상을 받기도 했다. 그러나 우리의 현실은 그렇지 못하다. 그 동안 한국 동화는 사회에서 무의식적으로 정형화된 성차별을 너무도 당연시해온 경향이 짙다. 이에 대한 작가와 독자의 자각이 필요하다. 특히 동화를 쓰는 작가들이 양성 평등 문제에 지금보다 진지하게 대처해 나가지 않는다면 여성 정형화에 대한 편견은 크게 달라지지 않을 것이다. 여성이 올바로 자아를 인식하고 자기 삶을 주체적으로 헤쳐나가는 것이 페미니즘이 지향하는 것이라면, 현대 사회에서 어린이의 가치관 형성에 영향을 미치는 아동문학의 역할은 더욱 커질 수밖에 없다. 그리고 어렸을 때 인지된 개념은 성인이 되면 쉽게 고쳐질 수 없기 때문에 양성 평등 의식은 아동기부터 시작되어야 한다. 특히 아동들은 동화 속에 등장하는 인물에 자신을 동일시하거나 투사하는 성향이 짙기 때문에 어린이를 대상으로 하는 아동문학은 평등한 성 역할과 미래 지향적 여성 이미지 형상화에 세심한 노력을 기울이지 않으면 안 된다. Fairy tales have the power to affect the recognition and attitude of children in their childhood, so a fairy tale has the various characteristics in itself of the story in spite of its simple development. And then we have to treat male and female as an impartial subject in the fairy tale which makes children access to a literature for the first time. In western the feminism in the part of children's literature spreads widely and so the writer is able to awarded the prize for woman writer as same as the adults' literature. However our situation is different with the western. Still now the Korean fairy tale tends to show that the sexual discrimination formatted unconsciously in our society is natural. The writers and readers of fairy tale need to realize this situation. If the fairy tale writers can not cope with the problem of both sexual equality more than now, the prejudice against formatted women in our society could not be little changed. If the aim of feminism is that woman rightly realizes herself and plows through her life all by herself, the role of children's literature which affects the view formation of evaluation through childhood in contemporary society has to get more larger. The consciousness for both sexual equality need to set up from childhood because the general ideas obtained in childhood are hard to change when they were grown up. Especially children have lots of tendency to identifying or tracing themselves with the characters of fairy tales. So children's literature for children has to try to have a recognizable shape as the formation of the equal role for sexuality and the woman image what has a bright future before it.

文明 離脫 慾求와 自由ㆍ平和 意志

金自然 한국아동문학학회 2001 한국아동문학연구 Vol.- No.9

마이크로 LED 핵심 기술과 응용

김자연,사기동,Kim, Ja-Yeon,Sa, Gi-Dong 한국정보디스플레이학회 2018 인포메이션 디스플레이 Vol.19 No.1

OTT 서비스 시장의 소비자 불편 사례

김자연 영화진흥위원회 2019 현안보고(이슈페이퍼) Vol.- No.-

[馬海松論] 馬海松 作品의 諷刺性

金自然 한국아동문학학회 2005 한국아동문학연구 Vol.- No.11

건설회사 TQM 활동이 성과에 미치는 영향

김자연,강인원 대한안전경영과학회 2015 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This study examines the factors configuration management quality of the construction company, and to analyze the impact of these factors on Project Performance and Company Performance. That quality construction management configuration factors, chief executives, corporate strategy, organizational management, information technology, and partners five variables, Project Performance variables, process management, quality management, cost management, safety management, environmental management five variables, and Company Performance parameters of financial competence and organizational satisfaction, quality of work three variables, the overall causal relationship between the presence of specific activities and management quality, classified according to the size of the company were verified by the difference in impact between the two groups.

결측되었거나 구간중도절단된 중간사건을 가진 준경쟁적위험 자료에 대한 가산위험모형

김자연,김진흠,Kim, Jayoun,Kim, Jinheum 한국통계학회 2017 응용통계연구 Vol.30 No.4

본 논문에서는 사망과 같은 종말사건의 발생 유무는 알고 있지만 치매 발병과 같은 중간사건이 구간중도절단 되었거나 연구 기간 도중에 추적이 끊겨 결측된 준경쟁적위험 자료에 대해 다중상태모형을 적용하여 모수를 추정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 상태 간의 전이강도는 로그정규 프레일티를 랜덤효과로 가진 Lin과 Ying(1994)의 가산위험모형을 따른다고 가정하였다. 다섯 가지 상태를 가진 다중상태모형에서 가능한 여섯 가지 경로별로 조건부우도를 정의하였고, 주변우도를 구하기 위해 조정중요표본추출법을 적용하였으며 반복유사뉴튼 방법으로 최적해를 구하였다. 소표본 모의실험을 통해 모수의 95% 신뢰구간 포함률이 명목값에 얼마나 가까운지 살펴보았으며, 제안한 모형을 Persones $Ag{\acute{e}}es$ Quid (PAQUID) 자료 (Helmer 등, 2001)에 적용하고 그 결과를 해석하였다. We propose a multi-state model to analyze semi-competing risks data with interval-censored or missing intermediate events. This model is an extension of the three states of the illness-death model: healthy, disease, and dead. The 'diseased' state can be considered as the intermediate event. Two more states are added into the illness-death model to incorporate the missing events, which are caused by a loss of follow-up before the end of a study. One of them is a state of the lost-to-follow-up (LTF), and the other is an unobservable state that represents an intermediate event experienced after the occurrence of LTF. Given covariates, we employ the Lin and Ying additive hazards model with log-normal frailty and construct a conditional likelihood to estimate transition intensities between states in the multi-state model. A marginalization of the full likelihood is completed using adaptive importance sampling, and the optimal solution of the regression parameters is achieved through an iterative quasi-Newton algorithm. Simulation studies are performed to investigate the finite-sample performance of the proposed estimation method in terms of empirical coverage probability of true regression parameters. Our proposed method is also illustrated with a dataset adapted from Helmer et al. (2001).

한국영유아 교육 보육 패널연구 소개 및 데이터 활용 방안

김자연 한국모자보건학회 2023 한국모자보건학회 학술대회 연제집 Vol.2023 No.2

복강경 간절제술의 초기 경험을 통하여 얻은 교훈

김자연,안영준,이해원,정인목,정중기,허승철,황기태,안혜성 대한내시경복강경외과학회 2012 Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery Vol.15 No.4

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the initial experience of 24 cases of laparoscopic liver resection by a single surgeon to determine its feasibility and report perioperative complications associated with this technique. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from 24 patients who received attempted laparoscopic liver resections for primary liver tumors from November 2008 to April 2012 was conducted. Sixteen benign and eight primary malignant lesions were included. The patient’s electronic medical records including age, gender, underlying disease, past medical history, type of operations, operative time, complications, conversion rates, and length of hospital stay were reviewed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.6 years and the mean operation time was 263.7 minutes. The overall morbidity was 12.5% and the mortality was zero. One case was converted to open surgery (4.2%), while intraoperative transfusion was conducted in four cases. The types of operations included left hepatectomy (n=12, 50%; 3 with CBD exploration), left lateral sectionecectomy (n=4, 16.7%; 1 with cholecystectomy), partial hepatectomy for benign tumor (n=3, 12.5%: 1 with cholecystectomy), right hepatectomy (n=1, 4.1%), S6 segmentectomy (n=1, 4.1%), and tumorectomy (n=3, 12.5%). The mean estimated blood loss during operation was 375.3 cc and the postoperative hospital stay was 7.7 days. Additionally, one intraoperative complication and two postoperative complications occurred (12.5%). There was no postoperative mortality. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that laparoscopic surgery with HBP training is suitable for laparoscopic liver resection. However, to ensure safety of the liver resection and the advantages of laparoscopic surgery, a thorough understanding of hepatic anatomy and elaborate surgical planning is essential