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김일남,민동하,이동섭,Kim, Il-Nam,Min, Dong-Ha,Lee, Tong-Sup 한국해양학회 2010 바다 Vol.15 No.2
해양환경에서의 산소 소모율에 관한 자료는 생지화학적인 탄소 순환뿐만 아니라 기후 모델을 구성하는 중요한 변수들 중에 하나이다. 그러나 동해의 산소 소모율 자료는 모델에 이용될 수 있는 하나의 변수로써는 아직 구체적으로 정립되지 못했다. 해수의 물리적인 특성이 서로 다른 동해의 각 분지에서 깊이에 따른 수층내 산소 소모율 분포를 1999년 여름에 관측된 겉보기 산소 소모량과 프레온-12 분압 나이를 이용하여 계산한 후, 200~2000 m 수심구간에서 지수함수로 표현하였다. 계산된 산소 소모율은 일반적으로 상층 수심에서 높고 수심이 깊어짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 산소 소모율은 서부와 동부 일본 분지에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았고, 울릉분지는 표층 영 역(수심 0~200 m)을 포함했을 때와 그렇지 않았을 때 추정치의 차이가 컸으며, 야마토 분지는 저층에서 다른 분지에 비해서 산소 소모율이 굉장히 낮은 값을 보였다. 수심 200~2000 m 사이에서 산소 소모율은 서부 일본 분지에서 8.15~0.83, 동부 일본분지에서 8.11~0.68, 울릉 분지에서 5.29~0.73, 야마토 분지에서 7.31~0.06 ${\mu}mol$ $kg^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$을 보였다. 향후, 기후 변화와 관련하여 겨울철 표층해수역의 산소 불포화도를 고려한 산소 소모율 추정이 요구된다. The oxygen utilization rate (OUR) is one of the crucial parameters for ocean carbon cycling and climate models. However, parameterization of OUR in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) is yet to be established. We estimated the basin-specific OURs in the East Sea and fitted them with exponential functions with depth by using pCFC- 12 age and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) measured in summer 1999. The estimated OURs are higher in the upper water column and decrease with depth, in general. The vertical distributions of the estimated OURs in the Western and Eastern Japan Basins (WJB & EJB) are very similar. The OURs in the Ulleung Basin (UB) varied greatly depending on whether the surface layer (0~200 m) data are included in the OUR estimate or not. Apparently, weaker oxygen consumption occurs in the deep layer of Yamato Basin (YB). The ranges of the OURs between 200 m and 2000 m at WJB, EJB, UB, and YB are 8.15~0.83, 8.11~0.68, 5.29~0.73, and 7.31~0.06 ${\mu}mol$ $kg^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$, respectively. Consideration of the wintertime surface water oxygen disequilibrium condition in estimating the OUR will be necessary in the future study.
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김일남,이동섭 한국해양과학기술원 2004 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.26 No.4
CREAMS II carried out an intensive hydrographic survey covering almost entire East Sea in 1999. Hydrographic data from total 203 stations were released to public on the internet. This paper summarized the results of water mass analysis by OMP (Optimum Multiparameter) method that utilizes temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, silicate, nitrate, phosphate and location data as an input data-matrix. A total of eight source water types are identified in the East Sea: four in surface waters (North Korea Surface Water, Tatar Surface Cold Water, East Korean Coastal Water, Modified Tsushima Surface Water), two intermediate water types (Tsushima Middle Water, Liman Cold Water), two deep water types (East Sea Intermediate Water, East Sea Proper Water). Of these NKSW, MTSW and TSCW are the newly reported as the source water type. Distribution of each water types reveals several few interesting hydrographic features. A few noteworthy are summarized as follows: The Tsushima Warm Current enter the East Sea as three branches; East Korea Coastal Water propagates north along the coast around 38oN then turns to northeastward to 42oN and moves eastward. Cold waters of northern origin move southward along the coast at the subsurface, which exemplify the existence of a circulation cell at the intermediate depth of the East Sea. The estimated volume of each water types inferred from the OMP results show that the deep waters (ESIW + ESPW) fill up ca. 90% of the East Sea basins. Consequently the formation and circulation of deep waters are the key factors controlling environmental condition of the East Sea.
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김일남,이동섭 한국해양과학기술원 2004 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.26 No.4
Hydrographic survey in the Korea Strait has long history that has begun in August 1917 at the Busan - Tsushima cross section, still continues to date. However, chemical properties of bottom cold water found exclusively in the western channel of the Korea Strait during summer did not receive much scientific attention. The aim of the study is to decipher the enigmatic origin of the Korea Strait Bottom Cold Water (KSBCW) in terms of chemical properties. The physicochemical properties of the KSBCW are extracted from the CREAMS II hydrographic data. OMP method was applied to analyze origin of the KSBCW quantitatively. The KSBCW is well defined by low temperature below 10oC. The cold waters exhibited the local presence near the coast at about 120 m depth with a thickness of 20 m to 30 m. The cold water was characterized by relatively cold, saline and higher chemical concentrations than adjacent waters. The KSBCW seems to have different origin from that of the coastal upwelled waters at the Ulgi-Gampo because it is saline, denser and contains considerably less dissolved oxygen than upwelled waters. The physicochemical properties are reported to have noticeable annual variations which suggest the complex origin of the KSBCW. OMP analysis show that the KSBCW is a mixture of three water types; TMW (24%), ESIW (36%) and ESPW (40%). Relationship between the KSBCW and the East Sea circulation is traced by mapping the water masses that have similar T, S and DO of KSBCW. The result showed that the KSBCW is most possibly an extension of southward flowing coastal intermediate waters. From these results, we expect that the monitoring KSBCW will provide us valuable information about the East Sea circulation.
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김일남,김남호 한국조명전기설비학회 2003 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.17 No.5
본 논문은 신경회로망을 이용하여 변압기 사고검출 기법을 제안하였다. 계전기 정동작을 위하여 전력용 변압기의 외부사고와 돌입현상은 포화현상이 고려된 EMTP/ATP를 이용하였고, 내부사고는 EMTP/BCTRAN를 이용하여 얻은 전류 데이타를 신경회로망의 사고검출 성능으로 평가하였다. 신경회로망의 입력지수로는 변압기 양단전류를 FFT로 주파수 분석하여 얻은 억제전류와 동작전류의 고조파 비의 크기를 이용하였고, 외부사고 시 억제전류값이 크게 나타나는 것을 이용하기 위해 억제전류를 동작전류로 나눈값을 계전기 입력으로 사용하였고, 학습알고리즘은back-propagation을 사용하였다. 실 계통에 적용하고 있는 변압기 보호용 계전기의 특성을 신경회로망의 검출성능으로 테스트한 결과 제안된 기법이 뛰어남이 확인되었다. This presents a fault detecting method for a power transformer based upon a neural network. To maintain a normal relay operating conditions, external winding faults of a power transformer and magnetic inrush have been tested under consideration of the EMTP/ATP software and internal faults of power transformer have been tested by the EMTP/BCTRAN software. The neural network has been evaluated by the proposed fault. Input variables of the neural network for the proposed model can be obtained from fundamental currents, restraining and operating currents. This algorithm uses back-propagation and the ratio of a restraining current and an operating current as relay input parameters. The ratio may enhance the fault detection since the restraining currents increase rapidly at external faults. The proposed detecting method has been applied to the practical relay systems for transformer protection. As a result, the proposed detecting method based on the neural network has been shown to have better characteristics.
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