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디젤기관 대체연료 미강유의 분사율 및 배기 배출물 특성
배명환(Myung-whan Bae),이봉섭(Bongsub Lee),임기창(Kichang Im),옥현진(Hyun-jin Ok),김인덕(In-deok Kim),한영욱(Young-wook Han),Syaiful,B. W. Riayndwita 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
In order to investigate the effect of heated temperature on fuel injection rate for fuels such as light oil, blend of rice bran oil and light oil, and pure rice bran oil as a parameter of injection pump rack stroke, tests are performed by an injection pump tester at three kinds of cam shaft speed. In this study, also, the effects of rice bran oil properties on the fuel economy and exhaust emissions are experimentally examined by a single cylinder, four cycle, direct injection, water-cooled diesel engine operating at several engine loads and speeds. The fuel injection timing is fixed to 22° BTDC regardless of fuel types, engine loads and speeds. The kinematic viscosity of rice bran oil is very high compared with light oil. Also, the oxygen is not contained at all in light oil, while the oxygen contents of 10.7% are included in rice bran oil. In this study, results show that fuel injection rate increases as injection pump rack stroke and cam shaft speed are elevated at the same conditions, and as heated temperature is elevated with the exception of light oil. It is also found that brake specific fuel consumption rate and NOx emissions increase, while soot emissions decrease as the blending rate of rice bran oil is enriched. Thus we can conclude that the combustion process which affect the fuel economy and exhaust emissions of diesel engines using rice bran oil as a fuel is controlled by the differences of chemical and physical properties.
복분자 추출물이 Lipopolysaccharide로 유도된 간 손상에 대한 항산화 효과
김인덕(In Deok Kim),강금석(Kum Suk Kang),권륜희(Ryun Hee Kwon),하배진(Bae Jin Ha) 한국독성학회 2007 Toxicological Research Vol.23 No.2
The protective effects of Rubus coreanum Miquel (RCM) extract against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity were studied in rats. Squrague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered the RCM at 100 ㎎/㎏ per day for three weeks. Then single dose of LPS (5 ㎎/㎏) was injected into rats. Four hours later, they were anesthesized with ether and dissected. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in sera, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mitochondrial fraction and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver homogenate. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But RCM-pretreatment decreased the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH by 57.9%, 37.4%, 62% and 69% respectively and increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx by 82.9%, 64.2% and 96.7% respectively. Subsequently, the protective effects of RCM was evaluated through histopathological examination of liver tissue. The LPS treatment increased the state of necrosis and cirrhosis surrounding the central veins (CV) and sinusoid, but RCM-treatment decreased the state of necrosis and cirrhosis in the liver tissue. These results demonstrated that protective effects of RCM against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity.
한방 원료 추출물의 주름개선 효과를 통한 화장품 원료로서의 가치 평가
강금석,김인덕,권륜희,허예영,오상훈,김민아,정혜진,강환열,하배진,Kang, Kum-Suk,Kim, In-Deok,Kwon, Ryun-Hee,Heo, Ye-Young,Oh, Sang-Hoon,Kim, Min-Ah,Jung, Hye-Jin,Kang, Hwan-Yul,Ha, Bae-Jin 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.8
본 연구에서는 7가지 한방원료(음양곽, 복분자, 오미자, 구기자 , 건지황 l 사상자 , 토사자)의 항산화 효과, collagen 합성 촉진 효과, collagenase 활성 저해 효과를 비교 평가함으로써 주름개선 기능성 화장품 원료로서의 사용 가능성을 검토하였다. 항산화 실험인 DPPH 소거 효과, 리놀산 자동산화 억제 효과, superoxide radical 소거 효과, hydroxyl radical 소거 효과에서는 음양곽, 복분자, 오미자, 구기자가 대체적으로 뛰어난 활성을 보여 항노화 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 보여주었으며, 주름개선 실험인 collagen 합성 촉진 효과, collagenase 저해 효과에서는 건지황, 사상자, 토사자가 다른 네 가지 물질에 비해 뛰어난 효과를 나타내어 주름개선 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 7가지 한방원료가 항산화 및 주름개선 효능을 나타내므로 기능성 화장품 소재로 활용될 수 있음을 보여 주었다. The human skin is constantly exposed to environmental irritants such as ultraviolet, smoke and chemicals. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species caused by them play critical roles in cellular damage. They not only injure the skin structure but also participate in the immensely complex inflammatory reaction. Anti-wrinkle effects of the Oriental herb extracts(OHE) were evaluated by the determination of anti-oxidation, collagenase inhibition and collagen synthesis in normal human fibroblast. OHE showed antioxidative activity as high as vitamin C, trolox and DL-penicillamine. Also OHE showed promotive effect on collagen synthesis and inhibitory effect on collagenase activity. These results demonstrated that OHE could be useful as an anti-wrinkle cosmetic ingredient.
LPS로 유도된 급성 간독성에 대한 구기자 추출물의 보호 효과
강금석,권륜희,김인덕,이동근,이재화,이상현,하종명,하배진,Kang, Kum-Suk,Kwon, Ryun-Hee,Kim, In-Deok,Lee, Dong-Geun,Lee, Jae-Hwa,Lee, Sang-Hyeon,Ha, Jong-Myung,Ha, Bae-Jin 대한약학회 2007 약학회지 Vol.51 No.5
The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Lycii fructus Extract (LFE) against the acute hepatotoxicity-inducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the liver. LFE of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 20 days. On the day 21, 1.5 ml/kg of LPS dissolved in saline was injected 4 hours before anesthetization. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum of rats, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mitochondrial fraction, and malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver homogenate. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of GOT, GPT, LDH and MDA, and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But LFE-pretreatment decreased the levels of GOT, GPT, LDH and MDA, by 17.7%, 27.5%, 40.7% and 56.9%, respectively and increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx, by 90.5%, 78.9% and 83.8%, respectively. These results showed that the LFE had the preventive effects against the acute hepatotoxicity-inducing LPS in the liver.
노즐형상 및 대기조건에 따른 항공기의 플룸 IR 신호 연구
강동우(Dong-Woo Kang),김인덕(In-Deok Kim),명노신(Rho-Shin Myong),김원철(Won-Cheol Kim) 한국항공우주학회 2014 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.42 No.1
항공기 추진 시스템의 IR 피탐지성은 노즐형상 및 대기조건에 큰 영향을 받게 된다. 그 영향성을 분석하기 위해 대표적 스텔스 무인 항공기와 그 추진 시스템의 형상변형 수축노즐을 고려하였다. 먼저 압축성 CFD 코드를 이용하여 IR 신호 계산에 필요한 열유동장 및 노즐표면 온도 정보를 산출하였다. 플룸 IR 신호를 계산해 본 결과 축방향 신호수준은 상당히 감소하는 반면, 노즐의 좌우 측면에서는 노즐의 가로세로비 증가로 인해 플룸이 좌우로 확장되어 특정 가로세로비에서 상대적으로 증가된 플룸 IR 신호가 발생함을 확인하였다. 다음으로 LOWTRAN 7 코드와 연계하여 계절 및 관측거리 변화에 따른 대기 투과율을 분석하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 대기효과가 고려된 플룸 IR 신호를 계산하였다. 계산결과 계절이 여름일 경우와 비교적 근접의 관측거리에서 이산화탄소 밴드에서 IR 신호가 현저히 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. Nozzle configurations and atmospheric conditions play a significant role in the infrared signature level of aircraft propulsion system. Various convergent nozzles of an unmanned aircraft under different atmospheric conditions are considered. An analysis of thermal flow field and nozzle surface temperature distribution is conducted using a compressible CFD code. It is shown that the IR level in rear direction is considerably reduced in deformed nozzles, whereas the IR level in adjacent azimuth angles is increased in aspect ratios around 6 due to the plume spreading effect caused by high aspect ratio of nozzles. In addition, an analysis of atmospheric transmissivity for various seasons and observation distance is conducted using the LOWTRAN 7 code and subsequently plume IR signature is calculated by considering atmospheric effects. It is shown that the IR signature is reduced significantly in summer season and near the band of carbon dioxide in case of relatively close distance.
대형 2행정 디젤기관에 있어서 전자제어 퀼 축압분배기 부착 모터구동 실린더 주유기의 송출유량 특성
정화(Hwa Jung),배명환(Myung-whan Bae),김인덕(In-deok Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Minimizing the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil in a large two-stroke diesel engine is of great economic importance. A motor-driven cylinder lubricator for Sulzer RT-flex large two-stroke diesel engines developed by authors is in need of mounting a quill system to lubricate cylinder parts for smoother operation. In order to apply the common-rail lubricating system to the developed cylinder lubricator as the second research stage, the quill system with a progressively quantitative distributor is improved in the electronically controlled quill system with an accumulating distributor. In this study, the effects of lubricator motor speed, plunger stroke and cylinder back pressure on oil feed rate, maximum discharge and delivery pressures are experimentally investigated by using the electronically controlled quill system with an accumulating distributor in the developed cylinder lubricator. It is found that the oil feed rate of the electronically controlled quill system with an accumulating distributor is larger than that of the quill system with a progressively quantitative distributor because of the increase of delivery speed and volume by changing the location of accumulator in the same experimental condition.
대형 2행정 디젤기관에 있어서 실린더 주유기용 전자제어 퀼 축압분배기 개발
정화(Hwa Jung),배명환(Myung-whan Bae),김인덕(In-deok Kim),임기창(Ki-chang Im),한영욱(Young-wook Han),Syaiful,Byan Wahyu Riyandwita 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Minimizing the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil in a large two-stroke diesel engine is of great economic importance. A motor-driven cylinder lubricator for Sulzer RT-flex large two-stroke diesel engines developed by authors is in need of mounting a quill system to lubricate cylinder parts for smoother operation. In order to apply the common-rail lubricating system to the developed cylinder lubricator as the second research stage, the quill system with a progressively quantitative distributor is improved in the electronically controlled quill system with an accumulated distributor. In this study, the effects of lubricator motor speed, plunger stroke and cylinder back pressure on oil feed rate, maximum discharge and delivery pressures are experimentally investigated by using the electronically controlled quill system with an accumulated distributor in the developed cylinder lubricator. It is found that the oil feed rate of the electronically controlled quill system with an accumulated distributor is larger than that of the quill system with a progressively quantitative distributor because of the increase of delivery speed and volume by changing the location of accumulator in the same experimental condition.