http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
투석환자의 학습된 무기력과 자가간호역량에 관한 관계 연구
김은만(Kim Eun Man),서문자(Suh Moon Ja) 한국재활간호학회 1999 재활간호학회지 Vol.2 No.1
The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of learned helplessness and self-care agency in dialysis patients and the relationship between learned helplessness and self-care agency.<br/> The subjects were 168 dialysis patients who were undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis from 1 university hospital, 1 hospital, 1 hemodialysis center in Seoul, 1 hospital in Incheon, Korea.<br/> The data were collected with two interview questionnaires which were Learned Helplessness Scale (LHS) and Self-as-Carer Inventory (SCI). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test, One-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation with SPSSWIN program.<br/> Results were obtained as follows :<br/> 1) The mean scores of learned helplessness were 45.93(range 20-80). The mean learned helplessness scores of peritoneal dialysis patient and hemodialysis (HD) patient were not different significantly. However by the aging process, the mean scores of learned helplessness has a tendency to get higher and who had a job were likely to low score of learned helplessness.<br/> 2) The mean scores of self-care agency were 142.48 (range 33-198). The mean self-care agency scores of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient much higher than the score of it with hemodialysis. The score of self-care agency were significantly different between peritoneal dialysis patient and hemodialysis patient. The patients who have job were likely to be higher score of self-care agency than other groups.<br/> 3) There was significant relationship between the score of learned helplessness and self-care agency.<br/> In conclusion, there was an inverse relationship between learned helplessness and self-care agency in dialysis patients. Considering this, the high level of learned helplessness of dialysis patients should be intervened by nurse with a well developed edicational program or cognitive behavioral therapy.<br/> <br/> <br/>
김은만(Kim Eun Man),서문자(Suh Moon Ja) 한국재활간호학회 2003 재활간호학회지 Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand and describe the essence and the structure of lived experience of liver transplant recipient. Five individual interviews were conducted to gather data regarding their subjective experiences.<br/> About 130 significant statements were extracted and these were clusterd into 9 themes.<br/> End stage liver disease patients chose their last treatment - liver transplantation. After liver transplantation. recipients experience vague anxiety and uneaseness related to much information and life style change that they had to accept. And they feared to lose their health again. But they felt free from medication and restriction of food. And they satisfied with regaining their physical status.<br/> Most of the recipients also had financial difficulties and social restrictions. And they experience uncertainty about their future. But they restored their previous social life. And they experience psychological wellbeing and hope.<br/> The results of this study might help nurses who work with liver transplant recipient in establishing and implementing an effective nursing intervention by understanding their lived experience.<br/> <br/>
김일만,손은익,김동원,임만빈,Kim, Il-Man,Son, Eun Ik,Kim, Dong Won,Yim, Man Bin 대한신경외과학회 2000 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.29 No.6
Objectives : The less invasive stereotactic surgery of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma has been preferred. Many techniques were developed to facilitate aspiration of a dense blood clot in acute stage. Authors describe a method for evacuation of putaminal hematoma via computerized tomography(CT)-aided free-hand stereotactic infusion of urokinase and frequent negative pressure aspiration. Patients and Methods : A total of ten patients with spontaneous putaminal hematoma underwent surgery with negative pressure aspiration in the three-year period. All procedures were performed within 12 hours of insult. A silicone ventricular catheter was inserted into the center of hematoma through a burr hole at the Kocher's point under local anesthesia. In a typical case of putaminal hematoma, the trajectory of catheter was pointed the center of hematoma parallel to sagittal plane vertically and the external auditory meatus posteriorly. Immediately after the first trial of hematoma aspiration low-dose urokinase solution(2,000IU/5ml saline) was administrated through the catheter and drain was clipped for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the partially liquified hematoma was manually aspirated using a 10ml syringe with a negative pressure of less than 2 to 3ml. The procedure was carefully repeated every 1 hour until the hematoma was near totally evacuated. Results : The patients population consisted composed of 4 men and 6 women with a mean age of 61.6 years. All had major neurological deficits preoperatively. The mean hematoma volume was 44.3 ml and hematoma was drained for 20 to 48 hours. No complications such as rebleeding, meningitis, or malplaced catheter were noted. Outcome was moderately disabled in four patients and good recovery in three patients. Conclusion : Although the frequent negative pressure aspiration and low-dose urokinase infusion has the disadvantage of possbility of rebleeding and infection, it is consisdered to be an effective method because it allows a simple, safe, and complete removal of hematoma.
세대유닛을 적용한 2차측 지역난방의 순환유량에 관한 연구
김용은(Kim Yong-Eun),박병식(Park Byung-Sik),정익희(Jung Ik-Hee),이재용(Lee Jae Yong),임용훈(Im Yong-Hoon),김혁주(Kim Hyouk-Ju),허만기(Heo Man-ki) 대한기계학회 2012 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2012 No.11
2pipe system and household substation is a method to reduce the heat loss of the pipe lines and manage efficiently. In this study, the proper conditions of circulation flow to adopt household substation was suggested. The experiment was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the household substation. And then annual operation of the 2pipe system with the household substation was simulated and evaluated. To keep the hot water temperature of final users, secondary supply temperature was decided by the result of the experiment and the simulation. Under the conditions which the secondary supply temperature is 50℃ and the temperature drop is less then 3℃, the circulation flow was derived. By using 2pipe system and household substation, annual heat loss was evaluated by approximately 25% reduction against present 4 pipe system.
진주시 수돗물 불소농도조정사업의 11년간 비용편익 분석
김만경 ( Man Kyong Kim ),정지인 ( Ji In Jung ),김민지 ( Min Ji Kim ),전은주 ( Eun Joo Jun ),김한나 ( Han Na Kim ),김세연 ( Se Yeon Kim ),한동헌 ( Dong Hun Han ),정승화 ( Seung Hwa Jeong ),김진범 ( Jin Bom Kim ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2014 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.38 No.2
Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the economic costs and benefits of a water fluoridation program in the city of Jinju, Korea. Methods: In 2009, dental surveys were conducted on 2,315 children aged 6-12 years in Jinju, which had been fluoridated for 11 years. The decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) scores of children in Jinju were compared to the DMFT scores of same-aged children in non-fluoridated small- and mediumsized cities in the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2009 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The reduced number of decayed permanent teeth by the water fluoridation program was estimated as the difference between the DMFT scores of children in Jinju and those in non-fluoridated small- and medium-sized cities. The economic benefits were estimated by the savings from reduced dental treatment costs by using the reduced number of decayed permanent teeth from the water fluoridation program. All annual costs and benefits were calculated from 1998 to 2009. The social rate and untreated rate of decayed teeth were applied as 3% and 20%, respectively. The annual benefit-cost ratio was estimated by using the annual benefits and cumulative program costs. Results: The economic benefit in 2009 from a water fluoridation program was estimated as 57,496,000,000 Korean Won (KRW), and the cumulative cost in 2009 was estimated as 1,387,000,000 KRW. The net present value in 2009 from a water fluoridation program was 56,109,000,000 KRW. The benefit-cost ratio in 2009 was estimated as 41.4. Conclusions: The economic benefit of a water fluoridation program in Jinju city was evaluated as excellent.
김일만,이창영,손은익,김동원,임만빈,김상표,Kim, Il-Man,Lee, Chang Young,Son, Eun Ik,Kim, Dong Won,Yim, Man Bin,Kim, Sang Pyo 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.3
Objective : We have currently changed treatment strategies to methotrexate(MTX)-based preirradiation chemotherapy with subsequent planned radiation for the initial therapy of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of treating PCNSL with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (CRT) or radiotherapy(RT) alone. Method and Material : This study involved 10 females and 3 males patients with a mean age of 54.2 years. All patients underwent surgery, open(8 cases) or stereotactic biopsy(5 cases) for histological diagnosis. Eleven tumors were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Tumor volume change in the follow-up images and survival time were evaluated in patients treated with CRT and RT alone. In the beginning, two patients received ProMACE-Cytabom chemotherapeutic regimen, but did not complete the course and died of progressive tumor 8 and 9 months after diagnosis, respectively. One patient died at 6 months before chemotherapy. These three were excluded from the survival analysis. Five patients(RT group) completed full courses of cranial irradiation with or without boost. For the current combined modality treatment, high-dose MTXbased chemotherapy(systemic and intrathecal MTX, IV vincristine, and oral procarbazine) followed by whole brain irrdiation to 45Gy to tumor was introduced in 5 patients of CRT group. Result : A complete response was achieved in three of five who received RT only and in all of five who received CRT. All patients in CRT groups are in disease free status at a mean 23 months following therapy. The RT group patients refused any additional salvage therapy at tumor relapse and survived at mean 20 months from diagnosis. The Karnofsky performance status improved in eight of ten patients with treatment. The treatment toxicity included leukoencephalopathy in RT group and severe leukopenia, transient hepatitis, avascular necrosis of femoral head, hearing loss, and amenorrhea in CRT group, respectively. Conclusion : The combined modality therapy of MTX-based chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for PCNSL may enhance tumor response and improve patient survival. The patients who received CRT should be carefully followed up because of the higher risk of treatment-induced late neurotoxicity.