태권도 ‘국기(國技)’ 지정 2주년 : 태권도로의 회귀(回歸)와 반성

김보정 한국스포츠학회 2020 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.18 No.3

태권도는 대한민국 국기 지정 이후 그 어느 때보다 활발한 노력을 기울이며 다양한 정책과 비전을 제시해 관련 사업을 추진해가고 있다. 하지만 이 연구는 태권도 국기 지정 2주년을 맞이한 현 시점에서 태권도의 정책, 비전, 전략, 방향을 제시하기 보다는, 대한민국 국기로서의 태권도를 보다 명확하게 정의하고 해석하고자 하는 노력이 우선되어야 함을 강조하고자 한다. 이는 일반인은 물론 태권도인들 조차도 태권도법에 대한 이해가 부족한 실정이며, 그간 태권도의 빠른 성장은 압축적 근대화와 함께 구조화된 위험적 요소를 함께 동반하면서 발전적 진화를 거듭함과 동시에 태권도의 정체성을 점점 잃어가게 하는 요인으로 작용한 것이 사실이기 때문이다. 따라서 연구자는 태권도의 본질, 즉 정체성이 흔들리고 있는 현 시점에서, 소위 ‘태권도’라고 정의되고 있는 대표적인 구성요소들을 단선적으로 나열하고, 그 안에서 대한민국 국기라는 문화적 콘텐츠를 통해 태권도에 대한 의미를 재(再)고찰하고자 하였다. 이 같은 고찰은 국기 또는 태권도에 대한 기준을 명확하게 제시해주는 시스템으로 작동될 것이며, 나아가 국기 태권도에 대한 개념적 토대를 구축하 여 향후 우리나라를 대표하는 문화콘텐츠로서 장기적인 발전계획을 수립하는데 있어 그 기준을 마련하는데 일조할 수 있을 것이다. Taekwondo has been pursuing related projects by presenting various policies and visions, making more active efforts than ever since the designation of the Korean national flag. However, this study aims to emphasize that efforts to more clearly define and interpret Taekwondo as the national flag of Korea should be given priority rather than presenting the policy, vision, strategy, and direction of Taekwondo at the time of the 2nd anniversary of the Taekwondo flag designation. This is a situation that not only ordinary people but also Taekwondo people lack understanding of the Taekwondo method, and the rapid growth of Taekwondo has been developed by accommodating the structured risk factors along with compressive modernization. This is because it is true that the identity of Taekwondo was gradually lost as it continued to evolve. Therefore, the researcher listed the representative elements defined as so-called'Taekwondo' in a single line at the present time when the essence of Taekwondo, that is, the identity is shaking, and revisiting the meaning of Taekwondo through the cultural contents of the Korean flag I tried to consider. Such consideration will be operated as a system that clearly presents the standards for national flag or Taekwondo, and further, by establishing a conceptual foundation for national flag Taekwondo, the standard is established in establishing a long-term development plan as a cultural content representing Korea in the future.

태종 7년 문과 중시(重試) 책문과 변계량의 대책

김보정 포은학회 2022 포은학연구 Vol.30 No.-

This study is investigated the current issues and countermeasures of the time by analyzing the Promotion Examination of Officials in 7th year of King Taejong’ reign and Byeon Gye-Ryang’s Answer Sheet. The study is summarized as follows. First, it was about the seven-year political situation of King Taejong and the Promotion Examination of Officials. We looked at the circumstances of the first period of the 7th year of King Taejong’s reign and the current issues of the time presented in the Promotion Examination of Officials. In April of King Taejong’s 7th year, 15years after the foundation of Chosun, the first the Official Promotion Examination was held. The seventh year of King Taejong’s reign was a time when Chosun’s founding contributors were practically influential and political forces were in the process of changing within King Taejong’s political power. Based on this political situation, for the first time in seven years of King Taejong’s reign, the Official Promotion Examination was held for incumbent officials. Therefore, the current issues presented in the book of the examination were reflected in King Taejong’s intentions. In particular, the basis of the first question on the recruitment of human resources in the Civil Service Examination was the process of publicizing the intention to accept new political forces into public opinion. Second, it was the analysis of the political status and the Answer Sheets of Byeon Gye-ryang. Byeon Gye-ryang, a disciple of Jeong Mong-ju, praised the tombstone of Muhak, the tombstone of Min-je, the epitaph of Munmyo, the tombstone of King Jeongjong, and the epitaph of King Taejong. This illustrated his political status as well as his academic level at the time. In the 7th year of King Taejong’s reign, Byeon Gye-ryang was selected as the top student of the Promotion Examination of Officials for describing the Answer Sheet, which led to his promotion to Yejo Chamui. Byeon Gye-ryang listed details on the Answer Sheet, but emphasized that the law governing the mind, such as the 精一執中 of Gyeonghak and the 建中建極, starts with Gyeong(敬). Third, it was a policy that reflected Byeon’s Answer sheet after 7th years of King Taejong. From the beginning of the Promotion Examination of Officials in the 7th year of King Taejong’s reign until the 16th year, when the next Promotion Examination of Officials was implemented, we looked at whether the items listed by Byeon in the Answer sheet were reflected in reality. Byeon’s Answer sheet on talent recruitment, which was the first question of the Civil Service Examination, should be strictly selected throughout the past, prevented from illegally entering the country, and eliminated the recruitment of talent in consideration of the number of years. It was a system that had long been adopted in consideration of the number of government officials, not the ability of talent. This meant the deep-rooted evils of left-handed life, which existed since the Goryeo Dynasty. In the end, the 13th year of King Taejong’s reign was revolutionized by the appeal of the Ministry of Constitution. In addition, Byeon suggested that the system be established from various perspectives, including the land system, the transportation of tributes by land and sea, the official marriage system, and clothing issues in the Answer Sheets. 포은집 에는 정몽주의 문인 혹은 문생으로 지칭되는 인물이 5명 있는데 함부림(1360~1410), 박신(1362~1444), 권우(1363~1419), 김자지(1367~1435), 변계량(1369~1430) 등이다. 이들은 모두 고려 우왕 11년(1385) 과거에 급제한 정몽주의 문생들이다. 이 글은 정몽주 문생 가운데 변계량의 대책 「存心出治之道立法定制之宜」를 분석하여 당대 현안을 살펴본 것이다. 조선 태종 7년(1407) 문과 중시는 식년시와 달리 현직 관료들을 대상으로 한 시험으로, 중시로서는 최초이다. 태종 7년(1407) 중시 책문은 조선건국이후 체제가 정비되어 가는 과정에서 드러나는 당대 현안이며, 변계량의 대책은 이에 대한 대응 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 중시 책문에서 당대 현안으로 전선(銓選), 전제(田制), 부역(賦役), 조전(漕轉), 의관(衣冠), 관혼상제(冠婚喪祭) 등 여섯 가지 사안을 구체적으로 지목하고 있다. 이에 대해 변계량은 전선(銓選)은 능력에 따라 선발하며, 전제(田制)는 정전제가 이상적이나 토지를 9등급으로 나누고 한전 혹은 균전의 법을 시행하며, 부역(賦役)은 인보제를 시행하며, 조전(漕轉)은 육로를 이용하며, 의관(衣冠) 가운데 여복(女服)은 중국의 제도를 따라도 무방하며, 관혼상제(冠婚喪祭) 역시 중국의 제도를 따를 것을 말하고 있다. 태종 7년(1407) 중시 설행이후 다음 중시가 시행되는 태종 16년(1416) 이전까지 관혼상제의 혼례, 여복 등을 제외한 나머지 조목들은 변계량의 대응방안으로 시행되고 있었다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

敬齋 河演의 생애와 思想

김보정 부경역사연구소 2008 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.22

We investigated the life and ideology of Ha Yeon(河演). Firstly, Ha Yeon, who was a disciple of Jung Mong-Ju(鄭夢周), was a son of Ha Ja-Jong(河自宗) in Julyeuipa(節義派) Sadaebu(士大夫) refer to as Dumundong-72-Hyun(杜門洞七十二賢). He was mainly affected by Heo Jo(許稠) for his life in the Ministry of Culture and Education. His companies were Min Yeo-Saeng(閔義生), Lee Hyo-In(李孝仁), and Sim Do-Won(沈道源). And he kept closely company with scholars in Jibhyunjeon(集賢殿). Secondly, we investigated the comprehension of Sungrihak(性理學) in the ideology of the beginning of Chosun, in the viewpoint of ‘Hyo’(孝) and ‘Kyong’(敬). In particular, he have reached the reasonable level of the comprehension in ‘Kyong’. His level of the comprehension in Sungrihak was ahead of those times which was 『Sungridaejun(性理大全)』 level. Moreover, he was mainly affected by 「Kyongjaejam(敬齋箴)」 of Ju Ja(朱子), and addressed himself as ‘Kyongjae’(敬齋). From his level of the comprehension in Sungrihak, the comprehension in ‘Hyo’ was represented with his practices in ordinary life and the comprehension in ‘Kyong’ was taken the lead enough to accept 「Kyongjaejam(敬齋箴)」 of Ju Ja in the period of Namsong. It was beyond the level of ‘Juilmujeok’(主一無適) based on Yuiriron(義理論) by Sungrihak scholars in the period of Buksong. To take ‘Kyong’ as the method of the boundary on making moral character, he wrote 「Jakyongjam(自警箴)」 by his own efforts in his last years. From this point, it was found that the comprehension of Sungrihak of Ha Yeon as a Sadaebu in Chosun was developed from Suyuiron(修養論), on the other side, the comprehension of Sungrihak of Jung Mong-ju as a Julyuipa Sadaebu in the end of Goryeo developed from Yuiriron. It was meant that the comprehension of Sungrihak of Ha Yeon in the period of Saejong King was already reached the reasonable level before the appearance of Sarimpa(士林派) in the period of Sungjong King.

태권도 전자호구 승인에 대한 ‘좋음’과‘옳음’의 윤리적 갈등

김보정,김지혁 한국체육철학회 2017 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.25 No.4

The purpose of this study is to understand clearly the essential characteristics of Taekwondo that has evolved into martial sports in the category of sports called generic term of physical excercise with competitiveness, playfulness, technicality, organization and regularity, also to present the basis of the ethical conflict and the judgment of the approval of the electronic guard by illuminating once again the appearance of Taekwondo competition(kyorugi) that came from scientific evolution. In particular, the question of where to focus on establishing identity under the ethical dilemma of“priority of right regarding good”and“priority of good regarding right”in the way of introduction of science on Taekwondo competition, It is the heart of this study. Therefore, the researcher suggested the following research problems under the topic of“ethical conflict of good and right”regarding approval of Taekwondo electronic guard, and implicitly summarized the necessity of this study. "Where the Taekwondo competition is preceded between the moral judgement criteria of“good”and“right?” definitely, whether scientific introduced device called‘electronic guard’for surviving taekwondo as a official Olympic sports is performing well (good) or The characteristics of taekwondo called bare hands martial arts and the characteristics of sports based on human excellence (aretē) are excluded all and simply rely on the equipment to the flow of the game and the cause of judgment, whether Taekwondo competition that without the subject of human identity self-destructs. In response researcher tried to provide a practical basis for judging moral validity and ethical framework. As a result, researcher replaces the conclusion with the following sentence. 이 연구는 신체운동 경기의 총칭이라 불리우는 스포츠의 범주 안에서 오늘날 무도스포츠로 진화된 태권도의 본질적 특성을 명확하게 이해하고, 스포츠과학의 출현을 통해 만들어진 태권도 경기의 모습을 다시 한 번 조명함으로써 전자호구 승인에 대한 윤리적 갈등과 그 판단의 근거를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 특히 태권도 경기가 과학화를 도입함에 있어‘좋음에 대한 옳음의 우선성’과‘옳음에 대한 좋음의 우선성’이라는 윤리적 딜레마 아래, 과연 어디에 초점을 두고 정체성을 확립해 나가야 하는 것인지에 대한 물음이 이 연구의 핵심이다. 이에 연구자는 다음과 같은 연구문제를 제시하며 이 연구의 필요성을 함축적으로 요약하였다.“태권도 경기는‘좋음’과‘옳음’이라는 도덕적 판단 기준 가운데 어디에 우선하고 있는가?”분명한 것은 태권도가 올림픽정식 종목으로서 자생하기 위해 도입한‘전자호구’라는 과학적 장치가 과연 그 역할을 제대로 수행(좋음)하고 있는지, 아니면 맨손무예라는 태권도의 특성과 인간의 탁월성(aretē)을 근간으로 하는 스포츠의 특성(옳음)은 모두 배제한 채 경기의 흐름과 판단의 근거를 단순히 기계에 의존하며 오히려 인간이라는 주체가 점점 사라지는 태권도 경기로 자멸하고 있는 것은 아닌지, 이에 연구자는 그에 대한 도덕적 타당성과 그 윤리적 틀 안에서 판단할 수 있는 실천적 근거를 마련하고자 하였다.

인조~현종대 정몽주 인식

김보정 포은학회 2019 포은학연구 Vol.24 No.-

본고는 17세기 인조반정이후 편찬된 유계의 『여사제강』과 홍여하의 『휘찬여사』를 통하여 인조~현종대 정몽주 인식을 살펴본 연구이다. 16세기 사찬사서에서 거의 삭제되었던 정몽주의 고려 말 공양왕대 행적이 17세기 사찬사서에서 다시 수록되고 있다. 유계는 율곡학파의 학맥을 이은 김장생-김집의 학풍을 이어 당대 송시열, 송준길, 이유태, 윤선거 등과 더불어 호서사림의 주축이자 서인의 대표적 인물이다. 유계가 인조대 서술한 『여사제강』은 조선후기 서인-노론의 대표적 역사서로 자리매김하고 있다. 인조대 편찬된 『여사제강』의 정몽주 관련 내용을 살펴보면 공양왕 4년 4월 기사에서 그 이전 사서와는 달리 정몽주를 살해한 주체를 구체적으로 제시하지 않고 ‘문하시중 정몽주를 살해하였다.’라고만 서술하고 있다. 그 이면에는 조영규를 보낸 인물은 태종 이방원이지만 이방원의 배후에는 태조 이성계가 있었다는 것을 암시하고 있었다. 이렇듯 유계가 『여사제강』에서 직설적으로 정몽주를 살해한 배후로 태조 이성계를 암시할 수 있었던 것은 인조 역시 성리학의 대의명분에 따라 반정으로 옹립된 왕이므로 가능하였던 것이다. 홍여하는 퇴계학파의 학맥을 이은 유성룡-정경세의 학풍을 이어 정도응, 이구, 이원일, 유천지 등과 교유하는 등 영남 남인의 대표적 인물이다. 홍여하는 효종 10년 『휘찬여사』를 완성하니, 이는 조선후기 남인의 사서로 자리매김하고 있다. 홍여하는 생전에 「포은전」을 읽고 고려 말 정몽주가 옥사를 처리하는 과정에서 감동을 받아 그의 관직 생활에서도 이를 실천하려고 노력하였다. 특히,「독포은전유감(讀圃隱傳有感)」, 「포은선생찬(圃隱先生贊)」 등을 남길 정도로 정몽주에 대한 마음이 남달랐다. 『휘찬여사』의 정몽주 관련 내용을 살펴보면 정몽주가 살해된 장소를 선죽교라고 구체적으로 지목하고 있다. 이전 사서에서는 ‘귀로(歸路)’ 혹은 ‘노(路)’ 등으로 막연하게 서술되었는데 최초로 선죽교를 제시하고 있다. 그리고 『고려사』 정몽주 열전에만 수록되어 있던 부모삼년상을 치른 내용이 이 시기 『휘찬여사』에서 다시 수록되고 있다. 『휘찬여사』가 완성될 무렵, 당시 기해예송이 발발한 시기로서 복제문제로 인한 영향이라 보여진다. 이는 유계의 『여사제강』에서는 찾아볼 수 없는 내용이다. 17세기 사찬사서인 『여사제강』과 『휘찬여사』는 학맥과 정파가 다름에도 불구하고 공교롭게도 모두 공통적으로 수록되고 있는 것은 고려 말 절의지사에 대한 내용이다. 『고려사』 열전에도 수록되지 않았던 고려 말 절의지사 길재, 서견, 이양중, 김주, 원천석 등 5인에 대한 열전이 오운의 『동사찬요』에서 처음으로 수록되면서 『여사제강』은 「공양왕기」 말미에 단편적으로, 『휘찬여사』는 독립된 열전으로 각각 수록하고 있다. 즉, 17세기 인조반정이후 서인과 남인으로서 정책을 달리할지라도, 절의에 대한 인식은 다르지 않다는 것을 함축하고 있다. 그 기저에는 16세기 이후 임진왜란, 정묘호란, 병자호란 등의 전란과 명의 멸망으로 인해 성리학적 대의명분을 찾게 되는 것과 맞물려 절의에 대한 인식이 고조된 시대적 정황이 내포되어 있다. 이러한 정황은 당대 사서편찬에서 반영되어 조선전기에는 거론되기 힘들었던 내용들이 조선후기로 이르면서 차츰 희석되어 정몽주를 살해한 주체 및 살해된 장소 선죽교 ... This is a study investigated about the recognition for Jeong Mong-Ju during the time from Injo’s reign through Hyeonjong’s reign through Yeosajegang of Yu Gye and Hwichanyeosa of Hong Yeo-Ha compiled after the Injobanjeong in the 17th century. Jeong Mong-Ju’s works of the late Goryeo Dynasty, which were deleted from the 16th-century’ history books, are being reprinted in the 17th-century’ history books. Following the academic tradition of Kim Jang-Saeng and Kim Jip, Yu Gye was a mainstay of Hoseo Sareim and a representative figure of the Seo-in, along with Song Si-Yeol, Song Joon-Gil, Lee Yoo-Tae and Yoon Sun-Geo. His description of Yeosajegang was a representative historical book of Seo-in and Noron during the late Chosun Dynasty. In the Yeosajegang, which was compiled during the Injo’s reign, in an article published in April of the fourth year of Kongyang’s reign, it did not specify the subject of the murder of Jeong Mong-Ju, unlike the previous librarian, but only states, ‘Jeong Mong-Ju was murdered.’ Behind it was Taejong Lee Bang-Won, who sent Cho Young-Gyu, but Taejo Lee Seong-Gye was behind Lee Bang-Won. It was possible because Injo was also a king who was founded as a reactionary according to the cause of Neo-Confucianism that he was directly behind the murder of Jeong Mong-Ju in the Yeosajegang. Hong Yeo-Ha was a representative figure of a man in Yeongnam, following the academic tradition of Yoo Seong-Ryong-Jeong Gyeong-Se, and socializing with Jeong Do-Eung, Lee Gu, Lee Won-Il and Yoo Cheon-Ji. Hong Yeo-Ha have completed Hwichandyeosa in the 10th year of Hyojong’s reign, which has established itself as a librarian for Nam-in of the late Chosun Dynasty. Hong Yeo-Ha have read “Poeunjeon” during his lifetime and was moved by Jeong Mong-Ju’s handling of the prison system at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, so he tried to practice it in his official life. In the details of Jeong Mong-Ju in Hwichandyeosa, it was specifically pointed to the place where Jeong Mong-Ju was killed at the bridge of Seonjuk. The previous librarian vaguely described as ‘road’ for the first time in its book. And three-year parental ancestral rites, which were only included in Goryeosa are being reviewed by Hwichandyeosa during this period. At the time of the completion of Hwichandyeosa, there was an impact from the copy problem since the Gihae Yeseong occurred at that time. This was something that was not found in the Yeosajegang. Despite the differing academic context and political factions, the 17th century Yeosajegang and Hwichandyeosa both contained content on Jeoleuijisa at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty. As story comtained about the five people, including Gil-Jae, Seo-Kyeon, Lee Yang-Jung, Kim Ju and Won Chun-Seok of the Goryeo Dynasty, was first included in Oh Un’s Dongsachanyo, Yeosajegang is a piecemeal piece at the end of book and Hwichandyeosa as an independent. In other words, it implies that even though the policies differ as Seo-in and Nam-in after the Injobanjeong in the 17th century, there was no difference in the perception of Loyalty. The base was contained a period situation in which awareness of the word of Loyalty has increased in line with wars such as the Imjin War, Jeongmyo War, Byongja War, and the collapse of the Myong Dynasty since the 16th century. This situation was reflected in the book’s compilation of history books of the period, and the details that were hard to be mentioned in the early Chosun Dynasty gradually diluted into the late Chosun Dynasty, and the place where Jeong Mong-Ju was killed at the bridge of Seonjuk, the person who killed Jeong Mong-Ju, and appeared in the history books.

고강도 DaVinci Bodyboard 운동이 중년여성들의 목기울임과 α-아밀라아제에 미치는 영향

김보정,윤수미 한국발육발달학회 2022 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity Davinci Bodyboard exercise on neck tilt and α-amylase in middle-aged women. The exercise was conducted for a total of 12 weeks, 3 times a week, for 40 minutes a day. The change in neck tilt was decreased in the exercise group after the exercise than before, and there was a significant change in the results between the two groups, and it was found that there was an interaction effect between the measurement period × groups. Changes in α-amylase were decreased in the exercise group after the exercise than before, there was no significant change in the results between the two groups, and it was found that there was an interaction effect between the measurement × groups. From the above results, it seems that high-intensity Davinci Bodyboard exercise has a positive effect on neck tilt and α-amylase in middle-aged women, helping to change body shape and relieve stress in the body.

Aging Effects On Partitioning Coefficients of Cd, Cu, and Zn in Metal-spiked Soils

김보정,Kim, Bo-Jeong,McBride, Murray B. Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment 2008 지하수토양환경 Vol.13 No.5

금속이 염 용액 형태로 토양에 유입될 때, 그 금속의 용해도는 시간이 지남에 따라 감소하는 경향(aging)을 보이는데, 이러한 시간 의존성 외에 토양 내 금속 용해도의 변화에 영향을 미치는 또 다른 요인들에 대한 고찰은 아직 미비한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 물리화학적 성질이 다른 5 종류의 토양 (히스토졸, 앤디졸, 옥시졸, 미세입자 알피졸, 조대입자 알피졸)에 여러 비율의 카드뮴(2.5-20 mg ${kg}^{-1}$)/ 구리(50-400 mg${kg}^{-1}$)/ 아연(50-400 mg ${kg}^{-1}$) 염 용액을 혼합하여, 상온에서 1년 동안 토양의 성질, 금속의 종류, 금속의 농도에 따른 용해도 변화관찰을 시도하였다. 그 결과, 히스토졸에서는 카드뮴이, 앤디졸에서는 구리가, 미세입자 알피졸에서는 아연이 가장 높은 분배 계수를 보였고, 옥시졸과 조대입자 알피졸에서는 모든 금속들이 가장 낮은 분배 계수를 나타내었다. 또한, 카드뮴과 아연의 경우 토양의 종류와는 무관하게 시간에 따른 분배 계수의 증가를 보였지만, 구리의 경우 토양 내 유입된 후 일주일 부터는 이러한 경향성를 찾아보기 어려웠다. 구리는 토양의 유기물이 많을 경우에는 빠른 흡착성을 보이지만, 토양수에 녹아있는 유기물이 많을 경우에는 그 흡착 특성이 제한됨을 관찰하였다. 더욱이, 흡수력이 높은 토양의 경우 금속의 분배 계수는 유입된 금속의 양과는 무관할 뿐만 아니라, 높은 농도로 처리된 토양의 금속 분배 계수가 낮은 농도로 처리된 토양의 분배계수와 유사해지기 까지는 더 오랜 시간이 요구되는 반면, 낮은 흡수력을 가진 토양의 경우에는 시간보다는 금속의 초기 유입양이 분배 계수 결정에 더욱 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구를 통해, 토양에 유입된 금속의 용해도 변화는 시간 뿐만 아니라, 토양의 성질, 금속의 종류와 농도에도 상당히 의존함을 입증하였다. Temporal changes of metal solubility have been repeatedly observed in soils equilibrated with metal salt solutions. This phenomenon is known as aging, yet factors that affect the degree of metal aging remain largely unexamined. In this study, we compared the extent of aging on metal partitioning depending on soil, metal, and metal loading. Five soils spiked with four levels of Cd (2.5-20 mg ${kg}^{-1}$), Cu, and Zn (50-400 mg ${kg}^{-1}$) salt solutions were aged in the laboratory up to 1 year. The partitioning coefficient ($K_d$) of each metal was calculated from the ratio of total to dissolved metal concentration in samples collected at times ranging from 1 day to 1 year. The highest $K_d$ values for Cd, Cu and Zn were recorded in a Histosol, Andisol, and fine-textured Alfisol, respectively, whereas the lowest $K_d$ was recorded for an Oxisol and coarsetextured Alfisol. For all soils, a pattern of increasing Kd with aging was evident for Cd and Zn, but not Cu. Rapid Cu sorption was limited when dissolved organic matter was high in soils. In highly-retentive soils, $K_d$ values seemed to be insensitive to metal loading, although a longer period was required for the higher metal loadings to reach the same degree of metal aging as the lower loadings. In soils with low sorption capacity, the $K_d$ values were determined more by metal loading than by aging. Therefore, marked differences can be expected in the degree of metal aging in spiked soils by the soil type, metal and amount of metal added.

포은 정몽주의 교유관계

김보정 부경역사연구소 2009 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.24

Jeong Mong-Ju have performed in the period of changing from Confucianism to Buddhism in Korea and from Won(元) Country to Myong(明) Country in China. In those times, it was required the political and ideological revolutions in Korea. He has associated with many intellectuals in other neighboring countries, through his personal trip which is spent most of his life. In this article, we have investigated the association relationship of Jeong Mong-Ju in the focus of the association between Buddhists and Sadaebu(士大夫), accepting the Sung Confucianism, who were called as intellectuals in Confucianism/Buddhism in East Asian countries. He has acquired new cultures in Kangnam through the association of Sadaebu in Korea as well as Myong Country. In addition, he has associated with Hwanam(幻庵) of Naong(懶翁) party, moreover, he has also associated with Buddhist in Japan. The association relationship of Jeong Mong-Ju with many intellectuals in East Asian countries was based on his highly profound knowledge, and it was connected indirectly with associated intellectuals in those times as well as Chosun. Jeong Mong-Ju have performed in the period of changing from Confucianism to Buddhism in Korea and from Won(元) Country to Myong(明) Country in China. In those times, it was required the political and ideological revolutions in Korea. He has associated with many intellectuals in other neighboring countries, through his personal trip which is spent most of his life. In this article, we have investigated the association relationship of Jeong Mong-Ju in the focus of the association between Buddhists and Sadaebu(士大夫), accepting the Sung Confucianism, who were called as intellectuals in Confucianism/Buddhism in East Asian countries. He has acquired new cultures in Kangnam through the association of Sadaebu in Korea as well as Myong Country. In addition, he has associated with Hwanam(幻庵) of Naong(懶翁) party, moreover, he has also associated with Buddhist in Japan. The association relationship of Jeong Mong-Ju with many intellectuals in East Asian countries was based on his highly profound knowledge, and it was connected indirectly with associated intellectuals in those times as well as Chosun.

포은 정몽주 의 사상 ­ 성리학 이해를 중심으로

김보정 한국사상문화학회 2007 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.39 No.-

Jeong Mong-Ju(鄭夢周) is a man of highbirth representing a Dumundong- 72-Hyun(杜門洞72賢) in the period from the end of Goryeo(高麗) to the beginning of Chosun(朝鮮). According to the reports until recent, he has been designated a term of a loyal representative adhering to his principle for Goryeo rather than a man of highbirth accepting the Seongrihak(性理學). In his life, he had spent on a diplomate representative visit much government activities after the pass of the state examination. During his diplomate representative visit, he extended his knowledge and scholarship, and introduced Myong(明) Dynasty's new cultures into his country through many scholars in Myong Dynasty. In those days, Jeong Mong-Ju(鄭夢周) had been respectful to the father of the oriental natural science, moreover, his theory well corresponded with Ho Byong-Mun(호병문)'s Saseotong(四書通). Saseotong(四書通), which was a commentary book of JuJa(朱子)'s Saseojinju(四書集註), was interpreted based on the theory of JuJa. This book is sufficient to call the essence of Seongrihak(性理學), that the Four Books(大學, 論語, 孟子, 中庸) is considered by the Confucian classics. In addition, we investigated the comprehension of Seongrihak(性理學) for "Yeok(易)" based on his books, namely Poeunjib(圃隱集), consisted of his poems, 「Dokyeokkijaahndeimbyongsunseng(讀易寄子安大臨兩先生)」, 「Dokyeok(讀易)」, and 「Dongjium(冬至吟)」. Finally, we investigated about Jung's practical features based on the comprehesion of the Seongrihak(性理學) in those days. In the Filial piety and the Loyality as the practical features of the Seongrihak(性理學), the former was emerged from the action of the religious ceremonies and the funeral rites, and the latter was expressed the fidelity to his principle in a just and greate cause of the country. 정몽주는 두문동72현을 대표하는 여말선초 사대부이다. 그러나 이제까지 알려진 바는 성리학을 수용한 사대부의 면모보다는 고려를 위해 절의를 지킨 충신의 대명사로 지칭되고 있다. 우선, 정몽주의 생애를 살펴보면, 과거 급제이후 그의 관직활동은 대부분 사행으로 보내고 있다. 사행을 통하여 교유하게 된 명나라 학자들과의 만남은 강남의 새로운 문물을 받아들이고 그의 견문과 학식을 넓히는 계기가 되었다. 다음으로 성리학을 수용한 사대부로서의 면모를 살피기 위해 경서를 통한 성리학의 이해를 살펴보았다. 당시 정몽주는 동방이학의 시조라고 칭송을 받을 정도이며, 그의 학설은 원대 호병문의 사서통과 부합한다고 할 정도였다. 사서통은 주자의 사서집주의 주석서로 주자의 학설에 입각하여 해석한 것으로 사서를 경서로 하는 주자성리학의 진수라고 할 만한 것이다. 이러한 호병문의 사서통과 문합한다고 하는 것은 정몽주의 사서(四書)에 대한 이해는 주자성리학의 정수을 이해한 것이라고 하겠다. 또한, 그의 문집인 포은집에 실려 있는 시, 「讀易寄子安大臨兩先生」, 「讀易」, 「冬至吟」을 중심으로 역에 대한 정몽주의 성리학 이해를 살펴보았다. 그의 역에 대한 이해를 삼봉 정도전은 선천(先天), 후천(後天)을 모두 통하였다고 평하며, 목은 이색은 정이천의 의리역과 소옹의 상수역을 모두 섭렵하였음을 말하고 있다. 정몽주는 당대 최고의 성리학자라고 하여도 과언이 아니다. 마지막으로 이러한 성리학의 이해를 바탕으로 하여 당대 현실인식에서 실천하고자 한 모습을 살펴보았다. 이는 성리학의 실천 모습으로 표현되는 충과 효는, 일상에서 주자가례에 따른 상례와 제례의 실천으로 효의 모습이 표출되고 있었다. 그리고 종국에는 국가의 대의명분에서 충의 모습은 절의로 표현되었던 것이다.

한국 전통무예와 태권도 미학적 고찰에 관한 연구

김보정,윤오남 국제선무학회 2005 禪武學術論集 Vol.- No.15