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A 20Mbps sub-0.1nJ/b Transmitter for Capsule Endoscope Application
김병설,배준성 한국과학기술원 반도체설계교육센터 2021 IDEC Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems Vol.7 No.4
In this paper presents a high-speed and low-power transmitter for capsule endoscope application in CMOS 65nm process. The transmitter consists of a FSK modulator for high speed, low power modulation and a class-E Power Amplifier that can effectively transfer power to the antenna. The modulator has to secure sufficient loop bandwidth for high speed operation. Therefore, we implemented the fast FSK modulator using two frequency synthesizers (PLL). The frequency band used is the 420-440MHz band, which is a frequency that can minimize loss, and two frequency synthesizers are switched to 20Mbps. The power amplifier using series resonance at the output network, with frequency selective characteristics, a class-E switching power amplifier with 87% power efficiency at the output power of -16dBm. 1V was used for the supply voltage, and the DC power consumption was 1.7mW. The phase noise of the FSK modulator is -85dBc at 420MHz. The fabricated chip occupied a core area of 0.3mm*0.36mm, achieving sub-0.1nJ/b energy efficiency.
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김광임,김창길,변병설,임종수,임송수,신원우 한국환경연구원 2003 수시연구보고서 Vol.2003 No.-
Objectives of this research are to analyze an environmental impact of agricultural market liberalization and to find environmental policy implications. Agricultural market liberalization has been widely known since UR and WTO and it has negative impact on our agricultural market which has low international competitiveness power. Especially, rice product among other agricultural products are negatively affected after liberalization. The reduction of rice production will cause decrease of rice paddy field area. Impact of reduction of agricultural production on environment is two-fold; positive effect is decrease of pollutants and negative impact is reduction of green fields and loss of natural environment due to change of farm land utilization structure through rice paddy field reduction. After the discussion of agricultural market liberalization was started, rice paddy field area decreased 12.3% during past 10 years and that of Seoul, Daejeon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongnam province had decreased 26~35% representing the most decrease in rice paddy field area. Thus the impact of agricultural trade liberalization on fertilizer consumption, generation of livestock wastewater, and waste generation and urbanization trend are analyzed. 1) Fertilizer Consumption The analysis on the relationship between fertilizer consumption and liberalization, rice paddy field area, dry field area shows that; Variables of rice paddy field area, dry field area and liberalization dummy does not have a significant and negative impact on decrease of fertilizer consumption. This implies that fertilizer consumption does not decrease directly after agricultural trade liberalization and it can't be concluded that water pollution due to farming declines, even though agricultural production decreases. 2) Waste Generation Interrelationship between rice paddy field area or dry field area and waste generation is analyzed in order to see the impact of agricultural production reduction on waste reduction. The dry field area has positive(+) impact on waste generation and the variable is significant according to t-statistics of the variable. Dry field area, especially, has larger impact that rice field area variable which implies waste generation in farm area is affected by dry field farming rather than rice farming. 3) Urbanization According to the analysis of the relationship between urbanization rate and agricultural area, pollution in farm land is being transferred to urban type pollution. 4) Farming Land Agricultural trade liberalization has a direct and negative(-) impact on the reduction of rice farming land area at 10% significance level. However, dry farming area is not affected as same as rice field area is. Environmental policy recommendations based on the results are suggested as follows. 1) Environmental Policy for Pollution Management Firstly, the prospect of agricultural development and its environmental impacts need to be reflected into the agricultural non-point source pollution management plan. As rice farming declines, dry field farming becomes more intensive and tends to use more fertilizer, which aggravate water pollution. Secondly, demand for livestock wastewater treatment infrastructure needs to be re-estimated and rearranged according to regional situation changes. Many livestock areas are on the reduction in the neighborhood of cities. 2) Environmental Policy for Resources Pollution Firstly, the demand for agricultural water needs to be reestimated due to the large reduction of rice farming. Secondly, a cpmprehensive plan of environment-friendly farm land use should be prepared beforehand. Demand for farmland development will be irresistibly increased and rapid conversion of farming land to city land will cause erosion of green area, loss of natural environment and species. 3) Link between Environmental policy and Environment-Friendly Farming Firstly, the way of agriculture production decision based on economic profitability should be changed to include environmental profitability. Secondly, concepts and range of environment-friendly farming or sustainable agriculture need to be expanded to include ecosystem-conservation, nature-conservation concept.
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박준양,김병설,조현숙 大田大學校 産業技術硏究所 2006 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.- No.-
In this study, an experiment was conducted in accordance with the Fire Protection Act to determine the characteristics of the smoke density caused by the combustion of flameproof goods. We tested the smoke density properties due to combustion on a variety of flame retardants with the measurement equipment and metrics specified by ASTM E 662 (Cost Melting Goods) and KS M ISO 5659-2 (Melting Goods). In the future, we would like to consider the characteristics of smoke density for certain flame retardant products by comparing and analyzing the results of smoke density by type and weight of flameproof goods prescribed by the Enforcement Decree of the Fire Protection Act.
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한정수,이문환,배대경,김병설 대한슬관절학회 1990 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.2 No.1
It is generally accepted that PCL is the prime stabilizer and perhaps the most important ligament in the knee joint. There are many eontroversies about the reconstruction of PCL injury in the literatures. Recently many authors believed that posterior cruciate ligament is important to prevent the significant later articular cartilage changes, and they recommended the reconstruction of all torn posterior cruciate ligaments. Authors present the results of nine patients with isolated PCL insufficiency who were operated on from August 1983 to November 1989 and suggest the technical considerations in reconstructions of PCL. The average follow-up period was two years and two months. The results were as follows: 1. Satisfactory results were achieved insix of nine patients (sixty-seven %). 2. On cadaver experiment, we note that the anatomical tibial insertion of PCL was located at a paint of 7 ∼ 8 mm below the tibial plateau and lateral one-third of the distance from medial to lateral cortex in AP radiography, and the anatomical femoral orgin of PCL was located at a point of anterior one-third and 3 ∼ 4 mm below the intercondylar seam (Blumensaat's line) in lateral radiography. 3. The posteromedial capsular incision has the advantages of obtaining enough length of donor ligament, performing operation without anteromedial incision, short operation time, and reinforcing the pes anserinus.
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