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경막외 Buprenorphine으로 인한 오심 및 구토에 대한 Metoclopramide와 Ondansetron의 효과 비교
김명옥,서규석 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.37 No.4
Background : Epidural buprenorphine provides good pain relief after Cesarean section, but is often associated with nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, is known to prevent and treat emesis after chemotherapy in cancer patients and after general anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to compare the prophylactic antiemetic effect of ondansetron and metoclopramide on nausea and vomiting after epidural buprenorphine. Methods : Sixty women undergoing Cesarean section were studied. The patients were given subarachnoid injections of 0.5% tetracaine 9 mg and were inserted with epidural catheters for postoperative pain control. Prior to closure of the peritoneum, we injected a mixture of buprenorphine and bupivacaine through the epidural catheters and gave intravenous boluses of saline 6 ml, metoclopramide 10 mg and ondansetron 4 mg randomly. The incidence of nausea and vomiting and the degree of satisfaction were evaluated until 24 hr after the injection of epidural buprenorphine. Results : The number of patients who became nauseated or vomited did not differ significantly between the ondansetron group and the metoclopramide group. Also, subjective ratings of satisfaction and incidence of other side effects did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions : Ondansetron, administered intravenously, prevented postoperative nausea and vomiting associated with epidural buprenorphine equally as well as metoclopramide. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 37: 656∼661)
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Marie de France의 lais에 나타난 여성의 역할
김명옥 한국중세영문학회 1998 중세영문학 Vol.6 No.-
The Role of Women in Marie de France's laisMarie de France's lais mostly deal with the life of ordinary people coping with the problems, unhappy marriage between young wife and old posessive husband, and inadquate reward for services. Marie is concerned with the inequal relationship between an and woman in the limitations of people and society. Marie explores the roles and behaviors of man and woman in the male-dominated courtly culture. Marie's woman, in particular, are suffered from the double myth of female inferiority and male superiority.Marie's women are beings exiled from the male- dorminated public society, and at the same time they know suffering in their persoal and private lives. They, however, find outlets for the suffering in thier love or imagination. Marie's women in her lais help another females, cure the wounded men, satisfy men's physical and emotional needs, or love men discarded from the public society. The women's world is that of caring and love, which is contrary to the posessive and violent world of men.Marie shows the double gender structure of the courtly culture. but simultaneously she revises its structure. This paper studies the role of women in Gigemar, Lanval and Yoned in which Marie explores the gender anxieties. In Gigemar, Gigemar is a unnaturally perfect person in masculinity. He has no concern about love. When Gigemar is hurt by rebounded arrow, his physical wound and emotional imbalance have been healed by a woman who discovered him. The woman helps Gigemar, cures his wound, feeds him, and supplies feminine love lacking in his life. The woman, however, suffers for him and is exiled from the society. In Lanval, we are told that Lanval is known for his valor generosity, bravery, but that most of men and even King Arthur are jealous of these traits of his. He is a socially isolated person from his courtly culture. The woman from other world, Avalun, not only loves him, But treats his emotional wound. She helps him to restore the public identity he lost, supplying his material needs. The woman's role in Lanval is very similar to that in Gigemar, even if Lanval's woman does not undergo the suffering that Gigemar's woman does. Marie criticizes a male gaze watching a woman's body when she describes the woman's beautiful body. She cuts a male gaze, revising the traditional descriptive style.The woman in Yonec is isolated from the human society, trapped in a miserable marrage. She has been physically decayed from her living death. Her situation is much more desperate than that of Gigemar's woman. The young woman imagines aventures in order to find outlets from her life. Both in literary imagination and in reality, her lover flies to her as a hawk-knight and offers the healing love. Marie revises the double gender structure through the hawk knight's sexual transformation. the woman's wound is cured by the healing love he offers. The lovers suffer for thier love. but thier love comes to have a creative power. Love gives birth to both their son, Yonec and the lai, Yonec. The role of women in these three lais is to heal man's physical and emotional wound. Marie may give messages to women audience in order for them to recognize the inequal gender structure inherent in their culture through the role of her women. Mary also may try to cure this inequality in society through her words, as if her female characters might cure their lovers' wound through their love.
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공수 예측 모델 요도를 위한 자료 흐름도의 실험적 평가
김명옥,백청호,양해술,Kim, Myeong-Ok,Baek, Cheong-Ho,Yang, Hae-Sul 한국정보처리학회 1995 정보처리논문지 Vol.2 No.1
소프트웨어 개발자와 사용자에게 직면한 가장 중요한 문제는 프로그래밍 시스템 의 크기와 개발 노력의 예측이라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 자료 흐름도, 자료 사 전, 소단위 명세서로 구성된 구조화 명세서에 관한 각각의 특성을 정의하고, 구조화 명세서의 정량적인 평가 요소를 프로그램 메트릭스에 적용하였다. 또한 구조화 명세 서를 구성하는 자료 흐름도에 관해서는 정량적인 평가 실험을 하였다. 그 결과 상위 공정의 분석 단계에서의 산출물에 의한 하위 공정에 관한 공수 예측 모델을 제안한다. One of the most important problems faced by software developers and users is the prediction of the size of programming system and its development effort. This article define the identical characteristics for structured specification which is consisted of Data Flow Diagram, Data Dictionary and Mini Specification and apply quantitative estimation factor of structured specification to program code metrics, Moreover, concerning DFD which is made up of component element of structured specification executed quantitative estimation experiment. In the result, we propose man/month prediction model of lower progression with production on analysis phase of upper progression.
KCI
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