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김도형 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 2002 한국문화연구 Vol.3 No.-
The field of modern Korean history had to overcome premodern perspectives and systems of historiography as well as the colonial historiography from the Japanese colonal period. It attempted to discard chronologies and other earlier methods of historiography for narratives that were oriented more towards human relationships where the nation and people were the subject of history. Those peopie the base of modern historical studies were ‘reformed Confucianists’ (kaesin yuhak cha) who were active during the time of the Great Han Empire. Their modern reform theories could be called pyonbop ron(變法論) or legal reform theories. They attempted to modernize by adopting modern political theories that they then applied to a foundation based on traditional culture informed by Confucianism. In this respect,although they were inclined towards complete Westernization, their ideas of modernization differed from other enlightenment theories Their compromise between new learning and old learning, which formed the basis of their reform ideas, also attached great importance to the writing of history. At the time, this system of modern historiography was presented as ‘new history’(sinsa).They pointed out the deficiencies of historical methods as they compiled numerous histories written by Japanese. The Japanese perspective on Korean history permeated these works. Advocates of pyonbop theories who believed in the need for a nationalist approach to historical writing were harshly critical of this aspect and instead turned their focus to the historical studies of sirhak (‘practical learning’) scholars. Critical of Sino-centric approaches to history, they stressed ‘national history’ (kuksa) and carried on a tradition of evidential analysis using primary documents. The kyemong enlightenment movement that unfolded after 1905 was a movement that targeted serf-strengthening and the reclamation of national rights. Although education and industrial development was deemed necessary for self-strengthening, they also emphasized mental and spiritual elements, such as concepts of a fatherland (choguk chongsin), national spirit (kukhon), and national characteristics (kuksu). They attempted to develop national spirit and patriotism through the writing of national history, a kind of historiography that was spearheaded by none other than pyonbop theorists such as Pak Un-sik(朴殷植, 1859-1925), Sin Chae-ho(申采浩, 1880-1936) and others. Criticizing the historical writing that held China in such high esteem, they promoted the importance of national history, with particular emphasis its heroes and historical writing about heroes who triumphed over foreign invasion. By 1910, the limitations to self-strengthening and productivity theories were increasingly apparent, causing a rift within the enlightenment movement itself. Among those, Pak Un-sik and Sin Chae-ho arrived at their own distinct interpretations of the true nature of Social Darwinist theories and the despotic nature of imperialism, and came to view the new citizen (sin kungmin) and the people (kungmin) as the subjects of history. While also pointing out the mistakes of Confucianism, upon which they had been dependant, they instead emphasized Tangun and traditional religions that put forth a new historical paradigm centered on Tangun, Koguryo and Parhae. Actively pursuing such historical research in the 1910s, they presented nationalism in terms of preservation of national characteristics while they groped for new alternatives to the national movement. Into the 1920s, as theories of national spirit and national characteristics were fused together with new concepts, a modern nationalist historiography emerged. Stressing humanism and equality among citizens, they viewed the masses as a solution to the national problem. Even though Pak Un-siks The Bloody History of the Korean Independence Movement(『韓國獨立運動之血史)), written in 1920, continued to advocate national spirit, after World War I and the Russian Revolution, his historical writings focused increasingly on worldwide changes and the issue of nation and the people. Sin Chae-ho also presented a historical theory based on the struggle between the self(我) and the non-self(非我), claiming that indigenous morals was a foreign concept and arguing that the national problem had to be understood from the perspective of the masses. This ultimately formed the foundation of modern Korean historiography.
Land Use Scenario Planning Using Urban Typologies
김도형 한국지방행정학회 2012 한국지방행정학보 (KLAR) Vol.9 No.2
Although urban typology is a concept that both urban planners and the general public are familiar with, it is underutilized for planning practices because the concept depends on people’s subjective interaction with the urban environment. This paper presents a systemic approach to estimates future land use changes by using the concepts of urban typologies. By reviewing the North Florida Transportation Planning Organization’s land use scenario planning, this paper discusses the development of several land use scenarios with different spatial allocations of urban typologies. It concludes with an explanation of how this approach facilitates collaborative decision making for sustainable land use.
김도형,박성호,이성학,이창길 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1994 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.32 No.6
This study aims at investigating the microstructural modification in hot rolled formable steels in order to monitor the amount and shape of grain boundary carbides. The steels were deoxidized with aluminum and aluminum-silicon addition, hot rolled, and coiled at the temperature range between 600℃ and 650℃. Detailed microstructural analyses of the hot rolled steels showed that film- or bulk-type grain boundary carbides, together with banded pearlite structures, were observed and that the morphology of these carbides were varied with processing variables, e.g., killing procedure and coiling temperature. In the Al killed steels, the carbide shape had a trend of changing from film-type to bulk-type, which might be beneficial to the improvement of elongation and consequently deep drawability. In addition, as the coiling temperature was increased, the amount of band structure and bulk-type carbides tended to increase. These findings suggest that deep drawability can be improved by modifying the carbide morphology in the microstructures.